FB1 Sozial- und Bildungswissenschaften
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Was können wir tun gegen Strukturelle Diskriminierung? Das Praxishandbuch des Trainingsprogramms »Social Justice und Diversity« wird in der Arbeit mit Gruppen eingesetzt, um Diskriminierung zu erkennen und einen neuen Handlungsrahmen zu entwickeln.
Neu ist die konzeptuelle Aktualisierung des diskriminierungskritischen Diversity als Ansatz gegen gesellschaftliche Diskriminierung in ihrer strukturellen Verankerung und Wirkungsweise, wobei Diskriminierungsformen nicht hierarchisiert werden. Die Grundlage für eine Überwindung von polarisierendem Denken bildet dabei die Pluralität, die in ein Radical Diversity führen kann. Die Idee des Verbündet-Seins stellt den Handlungsrahmen bereit, in dem die Anliegen der Anderen zu den eigenen werden. Ergänzt wird diese Auflage durch die theoretischen Hintergründe und historischen Bezüge des Trainings sowie Methoden und Module zu verschiedenen Diskriminierungsformen.
Creative coding is a form of postdigital art that uses programming to solve esthetical problems, subordinating functionality to expression. It often comes with rather uncommon usage patterns of coding, going beyond technologies' affordances and finding ways of appropriating them in an individual way and in exchange with others. The learning ecologies GitHub, Stack Overflow, and Pouët present digital infrastructures that curate and support such appropriation-related activities. The paper presents a qualitative analysis of the structure of these spaces, and the appropriation-related communication taking place. It shows how crucial the varying designs of the learning ecologies and the implemented interaction possibilities are for the appropriation activities taking place and draws a line to the desire for stronger participation in postdigital curation.
In empirically informed research on action explanation, philosophers and developmental psychologists have recently proposed a teleological account of the way in which we make sense of people’s intentional behavior. It holds that we typically don’t explain an agent’s action by appealing to her mental states but by referring to the objective, publically accessible facts of the world that count in favor of performing the action so as to achieve a certain goal. Advocates of the teleological account claim that this strategy is our main way of understanding people’s actions. I argue that common motivations mentioned to support the teleological account are insufficient to sustain its generalization from children to adults. Moreover, social psychological studies, combined with theoretical considerations, suggest that we do not explain actions mainly by invoking publically accessible, reason-giving facts alone but by ascribing mental states to the agent.
Im vorliegenden Artikel werden Praktiken des Kuratierens vor dem Hintergrund ihrer algorithmischen, d.h. berechenbaren, und Ökonomie-strategischen Potentiale diskutiert. Eingenommen wird eine medienphilosophische Perspektive, aus der heraus das Kuratieren angelehnt an Heideggers Denkbegriff zu einem ästhetischen Denken dekonstruiert und an die Fähigkeit zur Krise geknüpft wird. Dem gegenüber wird ein berechnender Modus des Kuratierens positioniert, der sich von kalkulierbaren Strategien der Selbstoptimierung und der Selbsterhaltung im Sinne einer ,Care-Arbeit’ ableitet. Über Formen der Opazität, hier als Undurchlässigkeit gemeint, werden Kurationsformen – unter dem Gesichtspunkt des kuratorischen Wissens (Konzeptideen, Künstler*innen-Kontakte, Raumzugriffe etc.) – und Algorithmen – als Verschleierungstaktik von Unternehmensstrategien – parallelisiert. Vorgeschlagen wird ein Open-Access-Modell, das über digitale Netzwerke Formen kuratorischer Kollaboration ermöglicht und opake Prozesse in mehrfacher Hinsicht transparenter gestaltet.
The origin of pointing
(2019)
Pointing gestures play a foundational role in human language, but up to now, we have not known where these gestures come from. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that pointing originates in touch. We found, first, that when pointing at a target, children and adults oriented their fingers not as though trying to create an “arrow” that picks out the target but instead as though they were aiming to touch it; second, that when pointing at a target at an angle, participants rotated their wrists to match that angle as they would if they were trying to touch the target; and last, that young children interpret pointing gestures as if they were attempts to touch things, not as arrows. These results provide the first substantial evidence that pointing originates in touch.
Emotion theory needs to explain the relationship of language and emotions, and the embodiment of emotions, by specifying the computational mechanisms underlying emotion generation in the brain. We used Chris Eliasmith’s Semantic Pointer Architecture to develop POEM, a computational model that explains numerous important phenomena concerning emotions, including how some stimuli generate immediate emotional reactions, how some emotional reactions depend on cognitive evaluations, how bodily states influence the generation of emotions, how some emotions depend on interactions between physiological inputs and cognitive appraisals, and how some emotional reactions concern syntactically complex representations. We contrast our theory with current alternatives, and discuss some possible applications to individual and social emotions.
Wie Kinder in schwierigen Sozialisationskontexten das förderliche Gefühl von Bewährung entwickeln
(2019)
This chapter looks at children ‘out of place’ as a category, focusing on the example of the sexually abused and thus sexually exposed child as experiencing an ‘out of place’ childhood. It focuses on the child who has been sexually abused and exploited, in contexts involving no compensation – monetary or otherwise. A code for childhood sexuality also developed in the West, with the focus on the innocence and malleability of young people. The projection onto children by adults, in terms of what they should be, can thus eventually be damaging. Children are presented as incapable of being responsible subjects with their own agency in the context of sexuality. Children’s agency in the context of their sexuality is highly restricted through laws dictating minimum ages of sexual activity and consent, as well as social expectations of a child as a non-sexual and innocent being.