FB1 Sozial- und Bildungswissenschaften
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Ob psychische Gewalt wie Herabwürdigung oder Vernachlässigung, physische oder sexualisierte Gewalt: Professionell im Kinderschutz tätig zu sein bedeutet, Ursachen, Formen und Folgen von Gewalt zu erkennen, zu reflektieren und zu verhindern. Erzieherinnen und Erziehern ist bewusst, dass körperliche und seelische Bestrafungen Kindern Schaden zufügen und zu Entwicklungsproblemen und Verhaltensauffälligkeiten führen können. Doch während körperliche Gewalt schnell zu erkennen ist, benötigen pädagogische Fachkräfte für Formen seelischer Gewalt nicht nur ein Gespür, sondern vor allem Fachwissen.
Dieses Praxisbuch bietet Erziehern und Pädagogen einen Leitfaden und zugleich wichtiges Arbeitsmaterial für Sensibilisierung und Weiterbildung.
The current study investigates infants' and toddlers' understanding of teasing interactions and its effect on subsequent social interactions. Teasing is a special kind of social interaction due to its dual nature: It consists of a slightly provocative contingent action accompanied by positive ostensive emotional cues. Teasing thus presents an especially interesting test case to inform us about young children's abilities to deal with complex social intentions.
In a first experiment, we looked at 9-, 12-, and 18-month-old infants' ability to understand and differentiate a teasing intention from a trying intention and a refuse intention. We found that by 12 months of age, infants react differently (gaze, reach) and by 18 months they smile more in reaction to the Tease condition.
In the second experiment, we tested 13-, 20- and 30-month-old children in closely matched purely playful and teasing situations. We also investigated potential social effects of teasing interactions on a subsequent affiliation sequence. Twenty- and 30-month-old children smile more in the Teasing than in the Play condition. For the 30-month-old toddlers, additionally, number of laughs is much higher in the Tease than in the Play condition. No effect on affiliation could be found.
Thus, from very early in development, infants and toddlers are able to differentiate teasing from superficially similar but serious behavior and from around 18 months of age they enjoy it more. Infants and toddlers are able to process a complex social intention like teasing. Findings are discussed regarding infant and toddler intention understanding abilities.
Digital media are being used more and more frequently by children and for a wide variety of functions. However, there are no studies to date that examine the effect of such use on peer interactions and the occurrence of prosocial behavior in peers. For parents, it has been found that when using digital media only few parents respond responsively to their children’s attempts at interaction and also very rarely, they communicate with them verbally and nonverbally. In the present study, we investigated how playing a game in a digital versus analog form influences interactions (especially prosocial behavior) of peers. We used an experimental situation, where 24 dyads of 4-10-year-old children were examined. Each of the dyads was randomly assigned to a condition where they played either a digital or analog game together. Various interaction parameters and prosocial behavior during and after the game were analyzed. Results show that children in the analog condition communicated verbally with each other more often, responded more often to interaction attempts of their partners and showed less often negative forms of interaction and more often positive forms of interaction than children in the digital condition. However, the type of medium had no influence on prosocial behavior after the game situation. These results suggest that the format of a game (digital vs. analog) has a decisive influence on peer interactions concerning their communication during but not their prosocial behavior after the game situation.
Partizipation gewinnt derzeit als Gegenstand und Methodik der Bildungsforschung an Bedeutung. Gerade Kinder und Jugendliche werden nicht mehr nur als Adressat*innen, sondern verstärkt auch als Akteur*innen in pädagogischen und gesellschaftlichen Kontexten wahr- und ernstgenommen. Doch wie ist partizipative Forschung und Forschung zu Partizipation in bildungswissenschaftlichen Untersuchungsfeldern »machbar« und vor welchen Herausforderungen steht sie? Diese Fragen nach innovativen Forschungsansätzen werden im vorliegenden Band anhand unterschiedlicher Umsetzungsbeispiele für die Bildungswissenschaften untersucht.
Die Soziale Arbeit ist mit digitalen Technologien und mediatisierten Lebenswelten von Adressat:innen sowie Fachkräften konfrontiert. Die damit verbundene digitale Transformation verläuft in den vielfältigen Handlungsfeldern Sozialer Arbeit sehr unterschiedlich. Innerhalb eines Lehrforschungsprojekts, das im Wintersemester 2021/2022 und Sommersemester 2022 im dual-digitalen Bachelorstudiengang Soziale Arbeit (BASA Dual-Digital) an der Fachhochschule Potsdam durchgeführt wurde, widmeten sich sechs Studierende und ihr Dozent der Erforschung des Digitalisierungsstands bei Trägern sozialer Dienste. Die Studie ist das Ergebnis einer teilnehmenden Beobachtung der dualen Studienanfänger:innen, um die Handlungen und Widerfahrnisse im Kontext der Digitalisierung an ihren Praxisstellen zu erfassen.
Das Lehrbuch rückt eine gender/queer- und diversitygerechte Soziale Arbeit in den Blick. Im Fokus steht die Verbindung von Theorie und Praxis und die Vermittlung von Kenntnissen über und Kompetenzen zu Gender/Queer und Diversity. Intersektionale Verbindungen ermöglichen eine multiperspektivische Herangehensweise. Rechtliche Grundlagen untermauern, warum diese Themenbereiche in der Sozialen Arbeit relevant sind.
Das Buch lädt ein, sich sachlich und kritisch mit diesbezüglichen Theorien und Methoden der Sozialen Arbeit auseinanderzusetzen und diese in der Praxis zu erproben. Über die Soziale Arbeit hinausgehend, bietet es Grundlagen auch für außeruniversitäre Bildungs- und Fortbildungsbereiche.
Bayesian affect control theory is a model of affect-driven social interaction underconditions of uncertainty. In this paper, we investigate how the operationalization of uncertainty in the model can be related to the disruption of social orders—societal pressures to adapt to ongoing environmental and technological change. First, we study the theoretical tradeoffs between three kinds of uncertainty as groups navigate external problems: validity (the predictability of the environment, including of other agents), coherence (the predictability of interpersonal affective dynamics), and dependence (the predictability of affective meanings). Second, we discuss how these uncertainty tradeoffs are related to contemporary political conflict and polarization in the context of societal transitions. To illustrate the potential of our model to analyze the socio-emotional consequences of uncertainty, we present a simulation of diverging individual affective meanings of occupational identities under uncertainty in a climate change mitigation scenario based on events in Germany. Finally, we sketch a possible research agenda to substantiate the novel, but yet mostly conjectural, ideas put forward in this paper.
Virtual Reality (VR) applications play an increasingly important role in the context of mental health. While VR-based therapeutic interventions are increasingly well-established, the application of VR in the field of mental health awareness represents a novel and promising development. We present our mental health awareness VR application “hopohopo”, in which the user takes the perspective of a person suffering from social anxiety. Through the VR journey, the user experiences what it could feel like to suffer from constant fear of being negatively judged by others in everyday social situations. The aim of the application is to allow nonaffected users to expand their knowledge and to raise mental health awareness. In this paper, we report our findings on the potential of this immersive VR application for psychoeducation and destigmatization of social anxiety. In this respect, we provide the scope of our VR application and first results of its ongoing usability and usefulness evaluation process.
Using two phenomena of violence against children and intimate partner violence and based on two case studies, we explore the extent to which social processes of interpreting and negotiating violence contribute to further theorization efforts. The central unifying element is that both forms of violence are enabled and performed in power relations and have long been socially, legally, and politically legitimized. Therefore, our study’s focus is not on violence as a subject but rather on the social negotiation and construction of meanings of actions framed as violent. This perspective is exemplified by two independent case studies and data material that illustrate how such microscopic arguments are developed empirically. The methods used for the two case studies include qualitative analyses of interviews and organizational documents. Hence, we also discuss the researchers’ involvement and challenges in these processes. Based on our analytical findings, we argue for the use of an approach of a subject appropriated theorizing violence rather than a formal theory formation of violence. The procedural analysis of violence revealed its importance in making non-public and socially taboo forms of violence analytically accessible.
Mehr als nur Zitiertechniken
(2022)
Mit der zunehmenden Einbindung von digitalen Technologien wird die Jugendarbeit zu einem soziotechnischen System. Die sozialpädagogischen Kenntnisse zur Gestaltung sozialer Interaktionen müssen dafür um das Wissen und Können technischer Komponenten erweitert werden. Dieser Artikel weist darauf hin, dass soziale Systeme durch technische Einflüsse Veränderungsprozessen unterworfen sind und die Erweiterung von professionellen Handlungskompetenzen der Sozialarbeitenden in der Jugendarbeit erfordert.
Numerical magnitude information is assumed to be spatially represented in the form of a mental number line defined with respect to a body-centred, egocentric frame of reference. In this context, spatial language skills such as mastery of verbal descriptions of spatial position (e.g., in front of, behind, to the right/left) have been proposed to be relevant for grasping spatial relations between numerical magnitudes on the mental number line. We examined 4- to 5-year-old’s spatial language skills in tasks that allow responses in egocentric and allocentric frames of reference, as well as their relative understanding of numerical magnitude (assessed by a number word comparison task). In addition, we evaluated influences of children’s absolute understanding of numerical magnitude assessed by their number word comprehension (montring different numbers using their fingers) and of their knowledge on numerical sequences (determining predecessors and successors as well as identifying missing dice patterns of a series). Results indicated that when considering responses that corresponded to the egocentric perspective, children’s spatial language was associated significantly with their relative numerical magnitude understanding, even after controlling for covariates, such as children’s SES, mental rotation skills, and also absolute magnitude understanding or knowledge on numerical sequences. This suggests that the use of egocentric reference frames in spatial language may facilitate spatial representation of numbers along a mental number line and thus seem important for preschoolers’ relative understanding of numerical magnitude.
Among the philosophical accounts of reference, Quine’s (1974) The Roots of Reference stands out in offering an integrated account of the acquisition of linguistic reference and object individuation. Based on a non-referential ability to distinguish bodies, the acquisition of sortals and quantification are crucial steps in learning to refer to objects. In this article, we critically re-assess Quine’s account of reference. Our critique will proceed in three steps with the aim of showing that Quine effectively presupposes what he sets out to explain, namely, reference to objects. We are going to argue (i) that sortals do not individuate, (ii) that bodies are already objects, and (iii) that the acquisition of variables presupposes a notion of identity. The result is diagnostic of a central desideratum for any theory of reference: an explanation of spatiotemporal object individuation.
Auf Untaten erfolgen Urteile, auf Grenzverletzungen Sanktionen, auf Fehlverhalten Strafen. Unser Strafrechtssystem ist ein rationaler Apparat, der in seiner eigenen Logik betrachtet ähnlich alternativlos erscheint wie die Strafsysteme vergangener Jahrhunderte. In diesem Lehrbuch werden Modelle des alternativen Umgangs mit verletzenden Verhalten diskutiert. Wiedergutmachung, Verständigung, Heilung und Gemeinschaft stehen dabei im Vordergrund - weniger die Strafe. Restorative Justice und indigenisierte Sozialarbeit sind neue Fachdiskurse im deutschen Sprachraum. Theoretische Darstellungen und praktische Beispiele schaffen einen Überblick zu den Methoden, die anwendungsbezogen aufbereitet wurden und dazu anregen, über Bestehendes und Mögliches nachzudenken.
ostdigitale Kunstpraktiken bergen große Potenziale für die Kulturelle Bildung, da sie kreative Aneignungsformen im Kontext digitaler Technologien hervorbringen, neue Rezeptionserfahrungen kreieren und eine kritisch informierte Betrachtung von Digitalisierungsprozessen befördern. Dennoch sind sie bislang wenig erforscht und nehmen nur vereinzelt Eingang in Bildung und Vermittlung. Der Sammelband kombiniert theoretische Betrachtungen postdigitaler Kunst mit Projektberichten aus der Praxis, um Leser*innen die Möglichkeit zu geben, das Feld besser zu verstehen und Anwendungsideen für die eigenen Tätigkeitsbereiche zu entwickeln.