FB1 Sozial- und Bildungswissenschaften
Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
- 2022 (44) (entfernen)
Dokumenttyp
Gehört zur Bibliographie
- ja (44)
Schlagworte
- Kind (11)
- Kindertagesstätte (6)
- Menschenrecht (4)
- Sozialarbeit (4)
- Antisemitismus (3)
- Denken (3)
- Digitalisierung (3)
- Interaktion (3)
- COVID-19 (2)
- Computersimulation (2)
Institut
- FB1 Sozial- und Bildungswissenschaften (44) (entfernen)
Der vorliegende Beitrag erläutert Nachdenkgespräche mit Kindern, beginnend in der Kita. Explikative Gespräche regen das Spekulieren und Nachdenken an, ergründen Zusammenhänge, stellen den Augenschein in Frage, fragen „was wäre, wenn …?“. Nachdenkgespräche eröffnen Möglichkeitsräume, die gedanklich durchschritten werden, stoßen Prozesse an, die wir denken nennen. Dies ist eine wichtige Voraussetzung für das Lernen und Einüben von elementaren Prozessen (Denkstrukturen), mit denen wir am Beginn unserer bewusst gemachten kognitiven Entwicklung auf den Weg gebracht werden, die sprachlichen Möglichkeiten bei der Suche nach Gründen und Erklärungen für alltägliche oder besondere Sachverhalte zu finden.
Konflikte in der Kita
(2022)
Vor etwas mehr als 50 Jahren, am 8. Dezember 1971, besetzten Jugendliche ein größeres Gebäude in Berlin und nannten es Georg-von-Rauch-Haus. Die Autoren nehmen das Jubiläum zum Anlass, um über die Frage nachzudenken, was sich aus den im Haus gemachten Erfahrungen mit Selbstorganisation für die heutige Jugendhilfe lernen lässt. Sie untersuchen insbesondere die Konflikte zwischen den Jugendlichen und den staatlichen Jugendbehörden.
Germany has become the most important destination country for young refugees in Europe (Destatis, 2021). Vocational education and training can make an important contribution to overcome educational barriers and gain participation in society (Will & Hohmut, 2020). Since 2015, rural regions have faced new challenges in establishing effective support systems for young apprentices with forced migration experience (Ohliger et al., 2017). The participatory LaeneAs research project seeks to identify educational barriers and to promote successful educational pathways for young refugees in vocational training. In four distinct rural areas in Germany, stakeholders in formal, non-formal, and informal learning environments and young refugees will be brought together in real-world laboratories. The authors aim to open space for a co-constructive knowledge production process between scientific and political stakeholders, educational practitioners, and refugee youth. Real-world laboratories are a socio-spatial methodology that combines research and a sustainable capacity building process. The lifeworld expertise will be used for a contextual condition analysis of structural, societal, and individual barriers to education as well as for practice transfer. Building on the discussion of the current state of research and the identification of significant gaps in the practice and research landscape, this essay will focus on the critical discussion of the methodological implementation of the study.
Numerical magnitude information is assumed to be spatially represented in the form of a mental number line defined with respect to a body-centred, egocentric frame of reference. In this context, spatial language skills such as mastery of verbal descriptions of spatial position (e.g., in front of, behind, to the right/left) have been proposed to be relevant for grasping spatial relations between numerical magnitudes on the mental number line. We examined 4- to 5-year-old’s spatial language skills in tasks that allow responses in egocentric and allocentric frames of reference, as well as their relative understanding of numerical magnitude (assessed by a number word comparison task). In addition, we evaluated influences of children’s absolute understanding of numerical magnitude assessed by their number word comprehension (montring different numbers using their fingers) and of their knowledge on numerical sequences (determining predecessors and successors as well as identifying missing dice patterns of a series). Results indicated that when considering responses that corresponded to the egocentric perspective, children’s spatial language was associated significantly with their relative numerical magnitude understanding, even after controlling for covariates, such as children’s SES, mental rotation skills, and also absolute magnitude understanding or knowledge on numerical sequences. This suggests that the use of egocentric reference frames in spatial language may facilitate spatial representation of numbers along a mental number line and thus seem important for preschoolers’ relative understanding of numerical magnitude.
Adult-child interactions can support children's development and are established as predictors of program quality in early childhood settings. However, the linguistic components that constitute positive interactions have not yet been studied in detail. This study investigates the effects of hypotheses proposed by adults on children's responses in a dyadic picture-book viewing situation. In 2 experiments, adults’ use of hypotheses (e.g., “Maybe this is a dwarf's door”) was tested against the use of instructive statements (“This is a dwarf's door”) and in combination with open questions (“What do you think, why is the door so small?”). In Experiment 1, hypotheses differed from instructions only by the modal marker “maybe”. Children's responses to hypotheses were longer and contained more self-generated explanations as compared to responses to instructions. The use of hypotheses also seemed to encourage children to attach more importance to their own explanations. In Experiment 2, combining hypotheses with open-ended why questions elicited longer responses but no more self-generated explanations in children than open-ended questions alone. Results indicate that subtle differences in adults’ utterances can directly influence children's reasoning and children's contributions to dialogues.
Virtual Reality (VR) applications play an increasingly important role in the context of mental health. While VR-based therapeutic interventions are increasingly well-established, the application of VR in the field of mental health awareness represents a novel and promising development. We present our mental health awareness VR application “hopohopo”, in which the user takes the perspective of a person suffering from social anxiety. Through the VR journey, the user experiences what it could feel like to suffer from constant fear of being negatively judged by others in everyday social situations. The aim of the application is to allow nonaffected users to expand their knowledge and to raise mental health awareness. In this paper, we report our findings on the potential of this immersive VR application for psychoeducation and destigmatization of social anxiety. In this respect, we provide the scope of our VR application and first results of its ongoing usability and usefulness evaluation process.
Grenzsetzungen kindgerecht
(2022)
Missachtet und abgehängt
(2022)
Obwohl Kinder in besonderer Weise von den Einschränkungen aufgrund der COVID-19-Pandemie betroffen sind, wurden ihre Rechte in der Krise nur mit großer Verzögerung und sehr unvollständig berücksichtigt. Um die Interessen von Kindern während zukünftiger Krisen nicht erneut zu missachten, ist die Verwirklichung eines Kinderrechtsansatzes auf allen Ebenen notwendig. Besonders wichtig ist dafür die Verankerung der Kinderrechte im Grundgesetz.
Using two phenomena of violence against children and intimate partner violence and based on two case studies, we explore the extent to which social processes of interpreting and negotiating violence contribute to further theorization efforts. The central unifying element is that both forms of violence are enabled and performed in power relations and have long been socially, legally, and politically legitimized. Therefore, our study’s focus is not on violence as a subject but rather on the social negotiation and construction of meanings of actions framed as violent. This perspective is exemplified by two independent case studies and data material that illustrate how such microscopic arguments are developed empirically. The methods used for the two case studies include qualitative analyses of interviews and organizational documents. Hence, we also discuss the researchers’ involvement and challenges in these processes. Based on our analytical findings, we argue for the use of an approach of a subject appropriated theorizing violence rather than a formal theory formation of violence. The procedural analysis of violence revealed its importance in making non-public and socially taboo forms of violence analytically accessible.
Berufsethik
(2022)
Das Lehrbuch rückt eine gender/queer- und diversitygerechte Soziale Arbeit in den Blick. Im Fokus steht die Verbindung von Theorie und Praxis und die Vermittlung von Kenntnissen über und Kompetenzen zu Gender/Queer und Diversity. Intersektionale Verbindungen ermöglichen eine multiperspektivische Herangehensweise. Rechtliche Grundlagen untermauern, warum diese Themenbereiche in der Sozialen Arbeit relevant sind.
Das Buch lädt ein, sich sachlich und kritisch mit diesbezüglichen Theorien und Methoden der Sozialen Arbeit auseinanderzusetzen und diese in der Praxis zu erproben. Über die Soziale Arbeit hinausgehend, bietet es Grundlagen auch für außeruniversitäre Bildungs- und Fortbildungsbereiche.
Modellierungen des Menschen aus Sicht der Rechtswissenschaften sind maßgeblich geprägt von der Bedeutung der unveräußerlichen Würde des Individuums. Daraus leiten sich wiederum Vorstellungen und Leitbilder ab, die die Freiheitsräume der Einzelperson im digitalen Kontext sichern, aber auch auf die gesellschaftliche Ebene hinausreichen und etwa die Mitwirkung in demokratischen Prozessen tangieren. Im „digitalen Alltag“ steht freilich im Zentrum rechtlicher Überlegungen, Transparenz und Rechtsschutz des Verbrauchers zu gewährleisten. Neue, faszinierende Möglichkeiten moderner Technologien verlangen dabei nach kreativen Lösungen im Sinne einer Kultur des Ermöglichens – etwa um digitale Unterstützungsangebote für Menschen mit Beeinträchtigungen in transparenter und rechtssicherer Weise umzusetzen.