000 Informatik, Wissen, Systeme
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- Inst. für angewandte Forschung Urbane Zukunft (IaF) (29) (entfernen)
Affect control processes
(2015)
This paper describes a novel method for building affectively intelligent human-interactive agents. The method is based on a key sociological insight that has been developed and extensively verified over the last twenty years, but has yet to make an impact in artificial intelligence. The insight is that resource bounded humans will, by default, act to maintain affective consistency. Humans have culturally shared fundamental affective sentiments about identities, behaviours, and objects, and they act so that the transient affective sentiments created during interactions confirm the fundamental sentiments. Humans seek and create situations that confirm or are consistent with, and avoid and suppress situations that disconfirm or are inconsistent with, their culturally shared affective sentiments. This “affect control principle” has been shown to be a powerful predictor of human behaviour. In this paper, we present a probabilistic and decision-theoretic generalisation of this principle, and we demonstrate how it can be leveraged to build affectively intelligent artificial agents. The new model, called BayesAct, can maintain multiple hypotheses about sentiments simultaneously as a probability distribution, and can make use of an explicit utility function to make value-directed action choices. This allows the model to generate affectively intelligent interactions with people by learning about their identity, predicting their behaviours using the affect control principle, and taking actions that are simultaneously goal-directed and affect-sensitive. We demonstrate this generalisation with a set of simulations. We then show how our model can be used as an emotional “plug-in” for artificially intelligent systems that interact with humans in two different settings: an exam practice assistant (tutor) and an assistive device for persons with a cognitive disability.
This work is part of ongoing research on the visualization of spatial relationships in fictional works. Our aim is to arrive at aesthetic representations of fictional narratives set in actual places such as cities. Novel City Maps offers two map views, one inspired by transit maps and the other by conventional street maps. The former uses the aesthetic of abstract transit maps to reveal the co-occurrence structures between important places in a story. The street map view is designed as a spatial fingerprint of a novel by highlighting the places occurring often in the story.
Forschendes Lernen
(2017)
Forschendes Lernen könnte die Lehre an Universitäten und Fachhochschulen revolutionieren: Im Zentrum steht dabei Lernen durch Selberforschen. Dies erfordert ein Umdenken sowohl bei Studierenden als auch in Lehrbetrieb und Verwaltung: aus Lehrkräften werden Coaches. Das Buch beleuchtet das Forschende Lernen in mehr als zwanzig Fächern – als eine neue Methode des Verstehens und Begreifens, der Verknüpfung von Theorie und Praxis und auch als Vorbereitung auf komplexe Aufgaben im Berufsleben. Das Buch profitiert von den Erfahrungen aus dem »Qualitätspakt Lehre«, an dem fast 200 Hochschulen beteiligt sind. Mit diesem Programm investieren Bund und Länder mehrere Milliarden, um Hochschullehre neu zu gestalten.
Das Buch war ein Vorhaben des inzwischen abgeschlossenen Projektes FL² "Forschendes Lernen - Lehrende Forschung" an der FH Potsdam.
As cultural institutions are digitizing their artifacts and interlinking their collections, new opportunities emerge to engage with cultural heritage. However, it is the often comprehensive and complex nature of collections that can make it difficult to grasp their distribution and extent across a variety of dimensions. After a brief introduction to the research area of collection visualizations, this paper presents a design study visualizing an aggregated collection from diverse cultural institutions in Germany. We detail our iterative design process leading to prototypical implementations of four stylistically and functionally coordinated visualizations, each one focusing on different facets of the collection.
An/Leiten
(2017)
Interfacing with power
(2017)
Wie funktioniert Forschendes Lernen in interdisziplinären, praxisnahen Lehrkontexten? Dieses Kapitel stellt Beispiele für interdisziplinäres Forschendes Lernen und die damit verbundenen Rahmenbedingungen vor. Den Abschluss bilden drei Thesen. Wir behaupten: Inter- und Transdisziplinarität erfordert eine neue Einheit von Lehre und Forschung.
Recent advances in artificial intelligence and computer science can be used by social scientists in their study of groups and teams. Here, we explain how developments in machine learning and simulations with artificially intelligent agents can help group and team scholars to overcome two major problems they face when studying group dynamics. First, because empirical research on groups relies on manual coding, it is hard to study groups in large numbers (the scaling problem). Second, conventional statistical methods in behavioral science often fail to capture the nonlinear interaction dynamics occurring in small groups (the dynamics problem). Machine learning helps to address the scaling problem, as massive computing power can be harnessed to multiply manual codings of group interactions. Computer simulations with artificially intelligent agents help to address the dynamics problem by implementing social psychological theory in data-generating algorithms that allow for sophisticated statements and tests of theory. We describe an ongoing research project aimed at computational analysis of virtual software development teams.
Carrying Computerization
(2018)
Drawing connections
(2018)