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Numerical magnitude information is assumed to be spatially represented in the form of a mental number line defined with respect to a body-centred, egocentric frame of reference. In this context, spatial language skills such as mastery of verbal descriptions of spatial position (e.g., in front of, behind, to the right/left) have been proposed to be relevant for grasping spatial relations between numerical magnitudes on the mental number line. We examined 4- to 5-year-old’s spatial language skills in tasks that allow responses in egocentric and allocentric frames of reference, as well as their relative understanding of numerical magnitude (assessed by a number word comparison task). In addition, we evaluated influences of children’s absolute understanding of numerical magnitude assessed by their number word comprehension (montring different numbers using their fingers) and of their knowledge on numerical sequences (determining predecessors and successors as well as identifying missing dice patterns of a series). Results indicated that when considering responses that corresponded to the egocentric perspective, children’s spatial language was associated significantly with their relative numerical magnitude understanding, even after controlling for covariates, such as children’s SES, mental rotation skills, and also absolute magnitude understanding or knowledge on numerical sequences. This suggests that the use of egocentric reference frames in spatial language may facilitate spatial representation of numbers along a mental number line and thus seem important for preschoolers’ relative understanding of numerical magnitude.
It counts as empirically proven that infants can individuate objects. Object individuation is assumed to be fundamental in the development of infants’ ontology within the object-first account. It crucially relies on an object-file (OF) system, representing both spatiotemporal (“where”) and categorical (“what”) information about objects as solid, cohesive bodies moving continuously in space and time. However, infants’ performance in tasks requiring them to use featural information to detect individuation violations appears to be at odds with the object-first account. In such cases, infants do not appear to be able to develop correct expectations about the numerosity of objects. Recently, proponents of the object-first account proposed that these individuation failures result from integration errors between the OF system and an additional physical reasoning system. We are going to argue that the predictions of a feature-based physical-reasoning (PR) system are sufficient for explaining infants’ behavior. The striking predictive power of the PR system calls into question the relevance of the OF system and, thereby, challenges the assumption that infants can individuate objects early on.
Als eine wesentliche Aufgabe pädagogischer Fachkräfte in der Kindertagesbetreuung gilt die rechtlich verankerte Beteiligung von Kindern in alltäglichen Angelegenheiten wie in Essenssituationen. Im Fokus der Studie steht das partizipationsförderliche Handeln von pädagogischen Fachkräften ( n = 86) in Essenssituationen mit Unterdreijährigen, das deutschlandweit erstmalig videografiert und ausgewertet wurde. Als zentraler Forschungsgegenstand wurden dabei Unterschiede in den Zugeständnissen von Mit- und Selbstbestimmung sowie in der Unterstützung von Selbstständigkeit von Fachkräften mit ost- und westdeutscher Biografie in den Blick genommen. Es konnten neben Gemeinsamkeiten signifikante Unterschiede in entscheidenden autonomieförderlichen Praktiken festgestellt werden. Fachkräfte mit westdeutscher Biografie räumten den Krippenkindern mehr Möglichkeiten selbstbestimmten Handelns ein. Abschließend wird diskutiert, welche Rolle die Auseinandersetzung mit der Biografie für die Reflektion des Interaktionshandelns der Fachkräfte einnimmt, um schlussendlich mit geeigneten Aus- und Fortbildungsformaten dem insgesamt recht zurückhaltendem partizipationsförderlichen Interaktionshandeln der Fachkräfte zu begegnen.
(Mehr) Raum für Demokratie
(2025)
Ein demokratisches Zusammenleben zu gestalten und Partizipation für Kinder lebendig werden zu lassen sind Kernziele für die pädagogische Arbeit in Kitas. Ob und wie Kinder dies erleben, zeigen Ergebnisse aus der Erhebung von Kinderperspektiven im Rahmen einer qualitativen Studie zur Partizipationskultur in Kitas, die in diesem Artikel vorgestellt werden. Dabei wird deutlich, dass Kinder auch in einem Klima partizipativen Zusammenlebens in der Kita die Erwachsenen als machtvolle Akteure erleben und sich selbst wenig Gestaltungsraum bei Entscheidungen zuschreiben. Auf der Grundlage eines ganzheitlichen Demokratiebegriffs entwickelt der Artikel Strategien für die pädagogische Praxis in der Arbeit mit den Kindern und für ein „kompetentes System“ der Kindertagesbetreuung.
Studien zeigen, dass es frühpädagogischen Fachkräften nicht umfassend gelingt, Kindern in Alltagssituationen Beteiligungsmöglichkeiten zu gewähren (Hildebrandt et al., 2021). Es fehlen allerdings Forschungsergebnisse zur Frage, welche Faktoren diese beeinflussen. Es gibt Hinweise, dass insbesondere Orientierungen einen Einfluss auf pädagogisches Handeln haben (Fröhlich-Gildhoff et al., 2011). Daher wurde eine Interviewstudie mit der Frage durchgeführt, welchen Orientierungen pädagogische Fachkräfte bezüglich partizipativen Handelns mit Kindern nachgehen und welches Rollenverständnis sie diesbezüglich haben. Es wurde untersucht, welche Aspekte die Orientierungen und das Rollenverständnis bezüglich Partizipation beeinflussen. Zentrales Ergebnis der Studie ist, dass die durch das Team initiierte und von einer offenen, wertschätzenden Teamkultur getragene Selbstreflexion über (berufs-)biografische Erlebnisse eine maßgebliche Rolle für die Bereitschaft spielt, partizipative Bildungsprozesse zu gestalten. Einrichtungsleitungen und Trägern kommt dabei die Verantwortung zu, entsprechende Ressourcen im Team zur Verfügung zu stellen.
Background
There is accumulating evidence suggesting that spatial language skills are associated with early numerical development (i.e., verbal number skills and numerical magnitude understanding). However, intervention studies allowing for a causal interpretation of this association are largely missing.
Aims
Therefore, we aimed at investigating the effects of training children's spatial language skills on the development of basic numerical skills.
Sample
The intervention group comprised n = 54 and the non-trained control group n = 72 4-6-year-old children (Mage = 60.58 months).
Methods
In a pre-post-test control group design small groups of four to eight children were trained six times (mostly twice a week) for about 20 min each. The training focused on production and comprehension of the spatial terms in front of, behind, to the left, and to the right with effects on numerical magnitude understanding and verbal number skills being evaluated.
Results
Comparing training and control group on performance gains between pre- and post-test revealed significantly higher gains for the intervention group in spatial language production and comprehension as well as numerical magnitude understanding, but not verbal number skills.
Conclusion
These findings provide first evidence for a causal link between children's spatial language skills and the development of their numerical magnitude understanding. This highlights the relevance of mastering specific spatial language terms for children's early numerical development.
Children’s participation in early childhood education and care (ECEC) is widely recognised as a right. Yet in everyday practice it is shaped by power relations, routines and the material-temporal organisation of settings. This article examines how children’s agency, the capacity to act, negotiate and influence within social and institutional contexts, is enacted, supported or constrained in daily interactions between educators and children. Drawing on ethnographic research in three German ECEC centres implementing the Kita-Beirat (ECEC Council), the study combines participant observation, group interviews and child-led methods inspired by the Mosaic Approach. The analysis shows how interaction quality emerges through three interrelated dimensions: power dynamics, relationships and space–time, which together shape children’s possibilities for agency. These are examined through an integrated theoretical framework that brings together relational agency, Foucauldian understandings of power and socio-material perspectives on space–time. The findings show that while formal participatory structures can open spaces for children’s influence, agency is primarily realised through high-quality, participatory interactions, marked by shared attention, reciprocity and the co-construction of meaning between children and educators. Supporting agency thus requires not only procedural mechanisms for participation but also relational and reflective pedagogies that make power visible, nurture children’s contributions and open dialogue as a shared practice. The article concludes by arguing for a view of participation as lived, negotiated and ethically grounded in the co-production of meaning and practice.
Pädagogischen Fachkräften in Kindertagesstätten kommt die Verantwortung zu, den Kindern altersunabhängig umfassende Beteiligungsmöglichkeiten zu gewähren. Das Erleben von Selbst- und Mitbestimmung in alltäglichen Angelegenheiten der Kinder, ihre Teilhabe an kognitiv anregenden partizipativen Interaktionen, wird als besonders entwicklungsförderlich betrachtet. Es fehlen allerdings weitgehend Forschungsergebnisse zur Frequenz einzelner Elemente dieser Interaktionsformate insbesondere für Krippenkinder. Es wurde daher in Krippen das Vorkommen einzelner Elemente partizipationsförderlicher sprachlicher Interaktionen in einer Buchbetrachtungssituation bei 72 Fachkräften erfasst und weiter überprüft, ob diese mit den Einstellungen der Fachkräfte zur Partizipation korrelieren. Pädagogischen Fachkräften ist es vermehrt – in 87,4% der Lesesituationen – gelungen, epistemische Markierungen als bedeutsames Element partizipationsförderlicher kognitiv anregender Interaktionen zu zeigen. Hingegen verbalisierten Fachkräfte emotionale Innenwelten anderer in lediglich 29,9% der Situationen und deren Überzeugungen gar nur in 2,3% der Situationen. Es zeigt sich außerdem, dass pädagogische Fachkräfte eher nicht den pessimistischen Aussagen über Partizipation zustimmen. Des Weiteren konnte ein signifikanter negativer Zusammenhang zwischen einer pessimistischen Einstellung zu Partizipation und der partizipationsförderlichen Strategie des Aufgreifens kindlicher Themen und dem Folgen des kindlichen Fokus gefunden werden. Insgesamt gibt diese Studie Aufschluss über die Präsenz von Elementen sprachlichen partizipationsförderlichen Handelns von Fachkräften wie das Einsetzen epistemischer Markierungen, das Begründen von Sprechakten oder das Verbalisieren innerer Zustände im pädagogischen Alltag von Krippenkindern und nimmt Fortbildungsbedarfe für eine weitere Professionalisierung des Feldes in den Blick.
Making it explicit
(2024)
To negotiate quality in early childhood education and care, we must ask from different perspectives what constitutes a good centre for children. The children themselves have only recently been identified as a resource to contribute to that discussion. Several studies have described profound methodologies to obtain children's perspectives by observing, interviewing and conducting group discussions. This article introduces research that combines exploring children's perspectives with sustained shared thinking (SST). Focussing on the dialogue following the rules of SST, we conducted and analysed group discussions with children about their lives within a children's centre in Berlin, Germany. The children were asked to think about aspects of quality. They expressed their ideas, wishes, likes and dislikes within the centre explicitly and profoundly. Following the lead of these children, a dialogue developed in which children and researchers contributed equally and led the way. This showed how well children could act out their agency and were capable of expressing rational and reasonable opinions. Here, we argue that SST helps to see the pedagogical side of exploring children's perspectives and acknowledges this as a pedagogical and political act. Children experience being heard and having a say in shaping situations. This is in itself a pedagogical situation a researcher should be aware of.
Demonstratives (“this”/“that”) express a speaker-relative distance contrast and need to be substituted for each other systematically: depending on their relative position, what one speaker refers to by saying “this” another speaker has to refer to by saying “that.” This substitution aspect of demonstratives poses additional difficulties for learning demonstratives, because it requires recognizing that two speakers have to refer to the same thing with different words, and might be one reason for the reportedly protracted acquisition of demonstratives. In an online study conducted in German, it was investigated whether children in the estimated upper age range of demonstrative acquisition (5 to 7 years) understand demonstratives' substitution aspect with familiar (“dies”/“das”) and novel (“schmi”/“schmu”) demonstratives, and whether they understand novel words (“schmi”/“schmu”) when used non-demonstratively as labels (N = 73; between-subject). Children's accuracy was compared with adult performance (N = 74). The study shows that children between 5 and 7 years of age perform less accurately than adults in all conditions. While adults' performance was highly accurate in all conditions (between 75% and 92% correct), children performed below chance in both demonstrative conditions and above chance in the labeling condition. This suggests that children do not understand demonstratives in the presented setup. More detailed analyses of children's response patterns indicate that they instead treat words as mutually exclusive labels in any condition.
