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Previous studies showed that the movements of another person's eyes and head guides infants' attention and promotes social learning by leading to enhanced encoding of cued objects. However, it is an open question whether social features like eyes are required or if the lateral movement of any arbitrary stimulus can elicit similar effects. The current experiments investigate the effects of the movement of a nonsocial cue and a perceptually similar social cue on object processing in 4-month-olds using event-related potentials (ERPs). Infants were presented with one of two central cues, either a box with a checkerboard pattern or a box with eye-like features on the front, which turned to one side. The cue thereby either turned toward a novel object or turned away from it. Afterwards, the object was presented again and ERPs in response to these previously cued or uncued objects were compared. When the nonsocial box served as the cue, no difference in neural processing of previously cued and uncued objects was found. In contrast, when the box with eyes served as the cue, we found an enhanced positive slow wave (PSW) for uncued as compared to cued objects. While the turning of the box with eyes promoted the encoding of cued objects, uncued objects needed enhanced activity for processing when presented for a second time. Results suggest that not every dynamic cue can influence infants’ object processing but that the presence of a basic social characteristic like isolated schematic eyes is sufficient to enhance social learning processes in early infancy. This hints on a specific sensitivity of the infant brain to social information which helps infants to focus on relevant information in the environment during social learning.
Empirische Studien zeigen, dass in pädagogischen Interaktionen mit Erwachsenen die kindliche Imitation beobachteter Handlungen überwiegt. Diese Imitationstendenz kann durch einen instruktiven Interaktionsstil der erwachsenen Person verstärkt werden. Innovatives Verhalten wird dabei verringert. Die Generierung eigener, neuer Handlungsmöglichkeiten ist jedoch wichtiger Bestandteil von Exploration und aktivem Lernen. Das pädagogische Interaktionsformat des Sustained Shared Thinking (SST) hat sich als förderlich für die Hypothesengenerierung bei Kindern erwiesen. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden Einflüsse von SST-Sprachelementen auf das innovative Verhalten im Kindergartenalter untersucht. Dazu wurde 4- bis 6-jährigen Kindern (N = 51) in drei unterschiedlichen Interaktionsbedingungen (instruktiv, SST und neutral) eine neuartiges Kartenlegespiel demonstriert, das sie anschließend selbst nachlegen konnten. Handlungen der Kinder wurden als innovativ (Abweichung von Muster und Anzahl der gelegten Karten) oder imitativ (Kopie von Muster und Anzahl der gelegten Karten) codiert. Kinder in der SST-Bedingung zeigten mehr innovative Handlungen als Kinder in der instruktiven Bedingung. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass Anwendung von SST-Sprechhandlungen einen positiven Einfluss auf das innovative Verhalten von Kindern haben kann.
In this paper, we want to present research on children’s perspectives in the context of participation. We emphasize that the survey of children's perspectives is a form of participation. We understand participation based on children’s rights. We refer to the Lundy model ([2007]. “‘Voice’ Is Not Enough: Conceptualising Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child.” British Educational Research Journal 33 (6): 927–942. https://doi.org/10.1080/01411920701657033), which emphasizes that it is not enough to simply ask children to speak their minds. Rather, they also need the experience that their views have an influence. In the discourse on quality in ECEC, children's perspectives became only recently the focus of extended research. In evaluation instruments, at least in Germany, the inclusion of children’s perspectives is rare. In the study presented here, these two aspects are brought together using the example of the evaluation instrument QuaSi. We describe how children's perspectives are taken into account in the evaluation and feedback process in contrast to everyday life in ECEC centres. It becomes clear that the collection of children's perspectives and their feedback to the pedagogues in the centre does not automatically lead to their views influencing the quality of the centre.
The present study investigated whether 7-month-old infants attribute directionality to an object after having observed it engage in agentive behavior and whether they maintain this attribution even when the agent is presented statically. Infants were familiarized with an object displaying either agentive behavioral cues (self-propelled, context-sensitive movement) or non-agentive motion (the same movement pattern caused by external factors). In a subsequent spatial-cueing procedure, the agent was displayed statically at the center of the screen. Gaze latencies were assessed for targets appearing at a location congruent or incongruent with the position of the agent’s formerly leading end. Only infants that had observed the object move in an agentive manner showed shorter gaze latencies for congruent compared to incongruent targets, suggesting facilitation of attention toward a location congruent with the agent’s prior action direction. Results provide evidence that infants attribute directionality to novel agents based on behavioral agency cues, that this directional representation is maintained even when the agent is stationary, and that it guides infants’ covert attention.
(Mehr) Raum für Demokratie
(2025)
Ein demokratisches Zusammenleben zu gestalten und Partizipation für Kinder lebendig werden zu lassen sind Kernziele für die pädagogische Arbeit in Kitas. Ob und wie Kinder dies erleben, zeigen Ergebnisse aus der Erhebung von Kinderperspektiven im Rahmen einer qualitativen Studie zur Partizipationskultur in Kitas, die in diesem Artikel vorgestellt werden. Dabei wird deutlich, dass Kinder auch in einem Klima partizipativen Zusammenlebens in der Kita die Erwachsenen als machtvolle Akteure erleben und sich selbst wenig Gestaltungsraum bei Entscheidungen zuschreiben. Auf der Grundlage eines ganzheitlichen Demokratiebegriffs entwickelt der Artikel Strategien für die pädagogische Praxis in der Arbeit mit den Kindern und für ein „kompetentes System“ der Kindertagesbetreuung.
Making it explicit
(2024)
To negotiate quality in early childhood education and care, we must ask from different perspectives what constitutes a good centre for children. The children themselves have only recently been identified as a resource to contribute to that discussion. Several studies have described profound methodologies to obtain children's perspectives by observing, interviewing and conducting group discussions. This article introduces research that combines exploring children's perspectives with sustained shared thinking (SST). Focussing on the dialogue following the rules of SST, we conducted and analysed group discussions with children about their lives within a children's centre in Berlin, Germany. The children were asked to think about aspects of quality. They expressed their ideas, wishes, likes and dislikes within the centre explicitly and profoundly. Following the lead of these children, a dialogue developed in which children and researchers contributed equally and led the way. This showed how well children could act out their agency and were capable of expressing rational and reasonable opinions. Here, we argue that SST helps to see the pedagogical side of exploring children's perspectives and acknowledges this as a pedagogical and political act. Children experience being heard and having a say in shaping situations. This is in itself a pedagogical situation a researcher should be aware of.
Kinderrechte im Kita-Alltag
(2023)