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Emotion theory needs to explain the relationship of language and emotions, and the embodiment of emotions, by specifying the computational mechanisms underlying emotion generation in the brain. We used Chris Eliasmith’s Semantic Pointer Architecture to develop POEM, a computational model that explains numerous important phenomena concerning emotions, including how some stimuli generate immediate emotional reactions, how some emotional reactions depend on cognitive evaluations, how bodily states influence the generation of emotions, how some emotions depend on interactions between physiological inputs and cognitive appraisals, and how some emotional reactions concern syntactically complex representations. We contrast our theory with current alternatives, and discuss some possible applications to individual and social emotions.
The origin of pointing
(2019)
Pointing gestures play a foundational role in human language, but up to now, we have not known where these gestures come from. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that pointing originates in touch. We found, first, that when pointing at a target, children and adults oriented their fingers not as though trying to create an “arrow” that picks out the target but instead as though they were aiming to touch it; second, that when pointing at a target at an angle, participants rotated their wrists to match that angle as they would if they were trying to touch the target; and last, that young children interpret pointing gestures as if they were attempts to touch things, not as arrows. These results provide the first substantial evidence that pointing originates in touch.
Im vorliegenden Artikel werden Praktiken des Kuratierens vor dem Hintergrund ihrer algorithmischen, d.h. berechenbaren, und Ökonomie-strategischen Potentiale diskutiert. Eingenommen wird eine medienphilosophische Perspektive, aus der heraus das Kuratieren angelehnt an Heideggers Denkbegriff zu einem ästhetischen Denken dekonstruiert und an die Fähigkeit zur Krise geknüpft wird. Dem gegenüber wird ein berechnender Modus des Kuratierens positioniert, der sich von kalkulierbaren Strategien der Selbstoptimierung und der Selbsterhaltung im Sinne einer ,Care-Arbeit’ ableitet. Über Formen der Opazität, hier als Undurchlässigkeit gemeint, werden Kurationsformen – unter dem Gesichtspunkt des kuratorischen Wissens (Konzeptideen, Künstler*innen-Kontakte, Raumzugriffe etc.) – und Algorithmen – als Verschleierungstaktik von Unternehmensstrategien – parallelisiert. Vorgeschlagen wird ein Open-Access-Modell, das über digitale Netzwerke Formen kuratorischer Kollaboration ermöglicht und opake Prozesse in mehrfacher Hinsicht transparenter gestaltet.
In empirically informed research on action explanation, philosophers and developmental psychologists have recently proposed a teleological account of the way in which we make sense of people’s intentional behavior. It holds that we typically don’t explain an agent’s action by appealing to her mental states but by referring to the objective, publically accessible facts of the world that count in favor of performing the action so as to achieve a certain goal. Advocates of the teleological account claim that this strategy is our main way of understanding people’s actions. I argue that common motivations mentioned to support the teleological account are insufficient to sustain its generalization from children to adults. Moreover, social psychological studies, combined with theoretical considerations, suggest that we do not explain actions mainly by invoking publically accessible, reason-giving facts alone but by ascribing mental states to the agent.
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of public libraries as institutions underpinning a democratic public sphere as reasons legitimizing libraries compared to reasons that are more traditional and the actual use of libraries as public sphere arenas. A survey of representative samples of the adult population in six countries – Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Germany, Hungary and Switzerland – was undertaken. Legitimations related to the libraries role as a meeting place and arena for public debate are ranked as the 3 least important out of 12 possible legitimations for upholding a public library service. Libraries are, however, used extensively by the users to access citizenship information and to participate in public sphere relevant meetings. Few studies have empirically analyzed the role of libraries in upholding a democratic and sustainable public sphere. This study contributes in filling that gap.
Creative coding is a form of postdigital art that uses programming to solve esthetical problems, subordinating functionality to expression. It often comes with rather uncommon usage patterns of coding, going beyond technologies' affordances and finding ways of appropriating them in an individual way and in exchange with others. The learning ecologies GitHub, Stack Overflow, and Pouët present digital infrastructures that curate and support such appropriation-related activities. The paper presents a qualitative analysis of the structure of these spaces, and the appropriation-related communication taking place. It shows how crucial the varying designs of the learning ecologies and the implemented interaction possibilities are for the appropriation activities taking place and draws a line to the desire for stronger participation in postdigital curation.
Persönliche Zukunftsplanung ist ein Konzept für Menschen mit und ohne Beeinträchtigung. Die Person kann mit ihrem Unterstützungskreis erkunden, was für sie ein gutes, passendes Leben sein kann, das sie leben will. Der Unterstützer*innenkreis begleitet sie auf diesem Weg. Dieser Artikel skizziert die konzeptionellen Kernelemente der Persönlichen Zukunftsplanung. Es wird zudem dargestellt, wie Persönliche Zukunftsplanung bei der unabhängigen Assistenz zur persönlichen Lebensplanung (§ 78 SGB IX) und unterstützten Entscheidungsfindung eingesetzt werden kann.