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From object to process
(2019)
One of the most difficult tasks today is trying to grasp the presence of computing. The almost ubiquitous and diverse forms of networked computers (in all their stationary, mobile, embedded, and autonomous modes) create a nearly overwhelming complexity. To speak of what is here evading and present at the same time, the paper proposes to reconsider the concept of interface, its historical roots, and its heuristic advantages for an analysis and critique of the current and especially everyday spread of computerization.
The question of interfaces leads to isolable conditions and processes of conduction, as well as to the complexity of the cooperation formed by them. It opens both an investigative horizon and a mode of analysis, which always asks for further interface levels involved in the phenomenon I am currently investigating. As an example, the paper turns to the displacement of the file with the launch of the iPhone in 2007 and its comeback in 2017 with the “Files” apps.
Both developments are profoundly related to the establishment of computers as permanently networked machines, whereby their functionality, depresentations, and ideology come into focus.
Over the past two decades, knowledge management (KM) and the use of information technologies (IT) has attracted increasing interest. IT is widely considered as a vital part of KM, providing means for knowledge creation, sharing, and capture. However, failures of KM in organizational practice are often attributed to an overemphasis of IT. Although KM and IT seem inextricably linked, research still struggles to identify a proper composition of the two. Via input from a global panel of KM experts from academia and practice (n = 222), we identify social software; consumerization (of knowledge); human factors; and the redesign of work, systems, and practices as future key research areas. These are contrasted with review papers proposing research in technologies aimed at supporting KM. On this basis, we present a future research agenda that should enhance the relationship between KM and IT, including their intersection through technology enablers.
The origin of pointing
(2019)
Pointing gestures play a foundational role in human language, but up to now, we have not known where these gestures come from. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that pointing originates in touch. We found, first, that when pointing at a target, children and adults oriented their fingers not as though trying to create an “arrow” that picks out the target but instead as though they were aiming to touch it; second, that when pointing at a target at an angle, participants rotated their wrists to match that angle as they would if they were trying to touch the target; and last, that young children interpret pointing gestures as if they were attempts to touch things, not as arrows. These results provide the first substantial evidence that pointing originates in touch.
Das EU-geförderte Projekt PARTHENOS steht für „Pooling Activities, Resources and Tools for Heritage E-research Networking, Optimization and Synergies“ und arbeitet an der Verbesserung der Nutzung von digitalen Forschungsinfrastrukturen in den Geistes- und Kulturwissenschaften. Der Artikel stellt die Projektergebnisse der letzten drei Jahre, die sich auf eine technische und semantische Harmonisierung der verschiedenen bereits existierenden digitalen Forschungsinfrastrukturen, wie z. B. DARIAH, CLARIN etc. konzentrieren, vor. Darüber hinaus hat das Projekt zum Ziel, durch spezifische Trainings- und Schulungsmaßnahmen weitere Forschende der EU an die Digital Humanities, deren Methoden und digitalen Dienste heranzuführen. Ein besonderer Fokus liegt dabei auch auf der Sensibilisierung für die Themen Open Science, FAIR und Forschungsdatenmanagement.
Ausgehend von den aktuellen Entwicklungen in Deutschland und Europa werden Diskussionen, Initiativen und Projektergebnisse im Bereich des digitalen Datenmanagements vorgestellt. Dabei wird ein besonderer Bezug zu den wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken und deren zukünftige Aufgabenfelder gelegt, die international mit „Data Literacy“ und „Data Stewardship“ beschrieben werden. In Ergänzung zu „Data Scientists“ werden in Zukunft in großer Zahl Experten für das digitale Datenmanagement (sogenannte „Data Stewards“) benötigt. Daher haben das Institut für Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin und der Fachbereich Informationswissenschaften der Fachhochschule Potsdam gemeinsam den weiterbildenden Masterstudiengang Digitales Datenmanagement konzipiert, der im April 2019 startete. Wie sich dieser Studiengang in die nationalen und internationalen Entwicklungen und Herausforderungen einfügt, ist Gegenstand dieses Artikels.