TY - CHAP A1 - Malhotra, Aarti A1 - Yu, Lifei A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Hoey, Jesse T1 - An exploratory study into the use of an emotionally aware cognitive assistant T2 - AAAI Workshop : Artificial Intelligence Applied to Assistive Technologies and Smart Environments N2 - This paper presents an exploratory study conducted to understand how audio-visual prompts are understood by people on an emotional level as a first step towards the more challenging task of designing emotionally aligned prompts for persons with cognitive disabilities such as Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). Persons with ADRD often need assistance from a caregiver to complete daily living activities such as washing hands, making food, or getting dressed. Artificially intelligent systems have been developed that can assist in such situations. This paper presents a set of prompt videos of a virtual human ‘Rachel’, wherein she expressively communicates prompts at each step of a simple hand washing task, with various human-like emotions and behaviors. A user study was conducted for 30 such videos with respect to three basic and important dimensions of emotional experience: evaluation, potency, and activity. The results show that, while people generally agree on the evaluation (valence: good/bad) of a prompt, consensus about power and activity is not as socially homogeneous. Our long term aim is to enhance such systems by delivering automated prompts that are emotionally aligned with individuals in order to help with prompt adherence and with long-term adoption. KW - Audiovisuelles Material KW - Alzheimerkrankheit KW - Demenz KW - Künstliche Intelligenz Y1 - 2015 UR - https://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/WS/AAAIW15/paper/download/10147/10147 PB - Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence CY - Palo Alto ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mariani, Ilaria A1 - Ackermann, Judith ED - Ackermann, Judith ED - Egger, Benjamin T1 - Post-digital fairy tales T2 - Transdisziplinäre Begegnungen zwischen postdigitaler Kunst und Kultureller Bildung N2 - How can Interactive Digital Narratives (IDNs) be employed to reflect on and understand post-digital society and its challenges? To discuss such a complex matter, object of our investigation through the years, we rely on the results of an experimentation that used fairy tales as a starting point for opening up imagination and increasing the distance to everyday life and typical media usage behavior. The activity “Postdigital Fairy Tales” was conducted at Politecnico di Milano, bringing together 45 students in Communication Design for five full days of intensive experimentation. We explored the practice of crafting and developing interactive narratives that analyze societal twists and shifts due to digitalization by remixing traditional fairy tale narratives with aspects of our post-digital era. For this reason we chose to focus on Instagram and to exploit its affordances. The results show how IDNs can be used to question digital media usage with regard to patterns of aesthetics and interaction modes, and to analyse the wicked problems associated with digitalization. KW - Narrativ KW - Instagram KW - Märchen KW - Postdigital KW - Interactive digital narratives Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-658-32079-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-32079-9_18 SP - 283 EP - 302 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Marimon, Mireia A1 - Hofmann, Andrea A1 - Veríssimo, João A1 - Männel, Claudia A1 - Friederici, Angela D. A1 - Höhle, Barbara A1 - Wartenburger, Isabell T1 - Children’s Learning of Non-adjacent Dependencies Using a Web-Based Computer Game Setting JF - Frontiers in Psychology N2 - Infants show impressive speech decoding abilities and detect acoustic regularities that highlight the syntactic relations of a language, often coded via non-adjacent dependencies (NADs, e.g., is singing). It has been claimed that infants learn NADs implicitly and associatively through passive listening and that there is a shift from effortless associative learning to a more controlled learning of NADs after the age of 2 years, potentially driven by the maturation of the prefrontal cortex. To investigate if older children are able to learn NADs, Lammertink et al. (2019) recently developed a word-monitoring serial reaction time (SRT) task and could show that 6–11-year-old children learned the NADs, as their reaction times (RTs) increased then they were presented with violated NADs. In the current study we adapted their experimental paradigm and tested NAD learning in a younger group of 52 children between the age of 4–8 years in a remote, web-based, game-like setting (whack-a-mole). Children were exposed to Italian phrases containing NADs and had to monitor the occurrence of a target syllable, which was the second element of the NAD. After exposure, children did a “Stem Completion” task in which they were presented with the first element of the NAD and had to choose the second element of the NAD to complete the stimuli. Our findings show that, despite large variability in the data, children aged 4–8 years are sensitive to NADs; they show the expected differences in r RTs in the SRT task and could transfer the NAD-rule in the Stem Completion task. We discuss these results with respect to the development of NAD dependency learning in childhood and the practical impact and limitations of collecting these data in a web-based setting. KW - Linguistik KW - Implizites Lernen KW - Regellernen Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.734877 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 12 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Maué, Rahel A1 - Flechtner, Rahel T1 - “Hopohopo”: a virtual reality awareness application about social anxiety disorder T2 - Proceedings of Mensch und Computer 2022 : MuC'22 N2 - Virtual Reality (VR) applications play an increasingly important role in the context of mental health. While VR-based therapeutic interventions are increasingly well-established, the application of VR in the field of mental health awareness represents a novel and promising development. We present our mental health awareness VR application “hopohopo”, in which the user takes the perspective of a person suffering from social anxiety. Through the VR journey, the user experiences what it could feel like to suffer from constant fear of being negatively judged by others in everyday social situations. The aim of the application is to allow nonaffected users to expand their knowledge and to raise mental health awareness. In this paper, we report our findings on the potential of this immersive VR application for psychoeducation and destigmatization of social anxiety. In this respect, we provide the scope of our VR application and first results of its ongoing usability and usefulness evaluation process. KW - Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation KW - Serious game KW - Virtuelle Realität KW - Psychische Gesundheit KW - Angststörung Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-4503-9690-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/3543758.3547550 SP - 420 EP - 424 PB - Association for Computing Machinery CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - McRobert, Korinna T1 - Young survivors of sexual abuse as 'children out of place' T2 - Intersectionality and Difference in Childhood and Youth N2 - This chapter looks at children ‘out of place’ as a category, focusing on the example of the sexually abused and thus sexually exposed child as experiencing an ‘out of place’ childhood. It focuses on the child who has been sexually abused and exploited, in contexts involving no compensation – monetary or otherwise. A code for childhood sexuality also developed in the West, with the focus on the innocence and malleability of young people. The projection onto children by adults, in terms of what they should be, can thus eventually be damaging. Children are presented as incapable of being responsible subjects with their own agency in the context of sexuality. Children’s agency in the context of their sexuality is highly restricted through laws dictating minimum ages of sexual activity and consent, as well as social expectations of a child as a non-sexual and innocent being. KW - Kind KW - Sexueller Missbrauch KW - Kindheitsforschung KW - Filmanalyse KW - out of place Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-0-367-72916-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429466588-10 N1 - Das Buch finden Sie in unserem Bibliotheksbestand unter der Signatur: 11OHT352 SP - 143 EP - 157 PB - Routledge CY - London ET - 1st Edition ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Michel, Christine A1 - Wronski, Caroline A1 - Pauen, Sabina A1 - Daum, Moritz M. A1 - Hoehl, Stefanie T1 - Infants' object processing is guided specifically by social cues JF - Neuropsychologia N2 - Previous studies showed that the movements of another person's eyes and head guides infants' attention and promotes social learning by leading to enhanced encoding of cued objects. However, it is an open question whether social features like eyes are required or if the lateral movement of any arbitrary stimulus can elicit similar effects. The current experiments investigate the effects of the movement of a nonsocial cue and a perceptually similar social cue on object processing in 4-month-olds using event-related potentials (ERPs). Infants were presented with one of two central cues, either a box with a checkerboard pattern or a box with eye-like features on the front, which turned to one side. The cue thereby either turned toward a novel object or turned away from it. Afterwards, the object was presented again and ERPs in response to these previously cued or uncued objects were compared. When the nonsocial box served as the cue, no difference in neural processing of previously cued and uncued objects was found. In contrast, when the box with eyes served as the cue, we found an enhanced positive slow wave (PSW) for uncued as compared to cued objects. While the turning of the box with eyes promoted the encoding of cued objects, uncued objects needed enhanced activity for processing when presented for a second time. Results suggest that not every dynamic cue can influence infants’ object processing but that the presence of a basic social characteristic like isolated schematic eyes is sufficient to enhance social learning processes in early infancy. This hints on a specific sensitivity of the infant brain to social information which helps infants to focus on relevant information in the environment during social learning. KW - Säugling KW - Ereigniskorreliertes Potenzial KW - Nichtverbale Kommunikation KW - Blickverhalten Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.05.022 SN - 0028-3932 VL - 126 SP - 54 EP - 61 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Moore, Richard T1 - The cultural evolution of mind-modelling JF - Synthese N2 - I argue that uniquely human forms of ‘Theory of Mind’ (or ‘ToM’) are a product of cultural evolution. Specifically, propositional attitude psychology is a linguistically constructed folk model of the human mind, invented by our ancestors for a range of tasks and refined over successive generations of users. The construction of these folk models gave humans new tools for thinking and reasoning about mental states—and so imbued us with abilities not shared by non-linguistic species. I also argue that uniquely human forms of ToM are not required for language development, such that an account of the cultural origins of ToM does not jeopardise the explanation of language development. Finally, I sketch a historical model of the cultural evolution of mental state talk. KW - Kulturelle Evolution KW - Theory of mind KW - Propositionale Einstellung KW - Sprachentwicklung Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:525-25865 SN - 1573-0964 VL - 199 SP - 1751 EP - 1776 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Morgan, Jonathan Howard A1 - Zhao, Jun A1 - Zöller, Nikolas A1 - Sedlacek, Andrea A1 - Chen, Lena A1 - Piper, Hayley A1 - Beck, Yliana A1 - Rogers, Kimberly B. A1 - Hoey, Jesse A1 - Schröder, Tobias T1 - Modeling the Culture of Online Collaborative Groups with Affect Control Theory T2 - Advances in Social Simulation N2 - We review Affect Control Theory (ACT) as a promising basis for equipping computational agents in social simulations with a sense of sociality. ACT is a computational theory that integrates sociological insights about the symbolic construction of the social order with psychological knowledge about cognitive-affective mechanisms. After explaining the theoretical foundations of ACT and applications of the theory at the dyadic and group level, we describe a case study applying the theory from an ongoing research project examining self-organized online collaboration in software development. KW - Culture KW - Affect KW - Gruppendynamik KW - Kollaboration Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-61503-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61503-1_14 SP - 147 EP - 160 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nef, Susanne A1 - Lorenz-Sinai, Friederike T1 - Multilateral generation of violence : on the theorization of microscopic analyses and empirically grounded theories of violence JF - Historical Social Research N2 - Using two phenomena of violence against children and intimate partner violence and based on two case studies, we explore the extent to which social processes of interpreting and negotiating violence contribute to further theorization efforts. The central unifying element is that both forms of violence are enabled and performed in power relations and have long been socially, legally, and politically legitimized. Therefore, our study’s focus is not on violence as a subject but rather on the social negotiation and construction of meanings of actions framed as violent. This perspective is exemplified by two independent case studies and data material that illustrate how such microscopic arguments are developed empirically. The methods used for the two case studies include qualitative analyses of interviews and organizational documents. Hence, we also discuss the researchers’ involvement and challenges in these processes. Based on our analytical findings, we argue for the use of an approach of a subject appropriated theorizing violence rather than a formal theory formation of violence. The procedural analysis of violence revealed its importance in making non-public and socially taboo forms of violence analytically accessible. T2 - Multilaterale Erzeugung von Gewalt : zur Theoretisierung von mikroskopischen Analysen und empirisch fundierten Gewalttheorien KW - Gewalt KW - Häusliche Gewalt KW - Kind KW - Partnerschaft KW - Macht KW - Theoriebildung Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.12759/hsr.47.2022.05 SN - 0172-6404 VL - 47 IS - 1 SP - 111 EP - 131 PB - Köln ER - TY - JOUR A1 - O'Madagain, Cathal A1 - Kachel, Gregor A1 - Strickland, Brent T1 - The origin of pointing BT - Evidence for the touch hypothesis JF - Science Advances N2 - Pointing gestures play a foundational role in human language, but up to now, we have not known where these gestures come from. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that pointing originates in touch. We found, first, that when pointing at a target, children and adults oriented their fingers not as though trying to create an “arrow” that picks out the target but instead as though they were aiming to touch it; second, that when pointing at a target at an angle, participants rotated their wrists to match that angle as they would if they were trying to touch the target; and last, that young children interpret pointing gestures as if they were attempts to touch things, not as arrows. These results provide the first substantial evidence that pointing originates in touch. Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:525-26110 SN - 2375-2548 VL - 5 IS - 7 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) CY - Washington ER -