TY - RPRT A1 - Hoey, Jesse A1 - Nagappan, Meiyappan A1 - Rogers, Kimberly B. A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Dametto, Diego A1 - De Zoysa, Nalin A1 - Iyer, Rahul A1 - Morgan, Jonathan H. A1 - Rishi, Deepak A1 - Sirianni, Antonio D. A1 - Yun, Seonghu A1 - Zhao, Jun A1 - Zöller, Nikolas T1 - Theoretical and Empirical Modeling of Identity and Sentiments in Collaborative Groups N2 - Theoretical and Empirical Modeling of Identity and Sentiments in Collaborative Groups (THEMIS.COG) was an interdisciplinary research collaboration of computer scientists and social scientists from the University of Waterloo (Canada), Potsdam University of Applied Sciences (Germany), and Dartmouth College (USA). This white paper summarizes the results of our research at the end of the grant term. Funded by the Trans-Atlantic Platform’s Digging Into Data initiative, the project aimed at theoretical and empirical modeling of identity and sentiments in collaborative groups. Understanding the social forces behind self-organized collaboration is important because technological and social innovations are increasingly generated through informal, distributed processes of collaboration, rather than in formal organizational hierarchies or through market forces. Our work used a data-driven approach to explore the social psychological mechanisms that motivate such collaborations and determine their success or failure. We focused on the example of GitHub, the world’s current largest digital platform for open, collaborative software development. In contrast to most, purely inductive contemporary approaches leveraging computational techniques for social science, THEMIS.COG followed a deductive, theory-driven approach. We capitalized on affect control theory, a mathematically formalized theory of symbolic interaction originated by sociologist David R. Heise and further advanced in previous work by some of the THEMIS.COG collaborators, among others. Affect control theory states that people control their social behaviours by intuitively attempting to verify culturally shared feelings about identities, social roles, and behaviour settings. From this principle, implemented in computational simulation models, precise predictions about group dynamics can be derived. It was the goal of THEMIS.COG to adapt and apply this approach to study the GitHub collaboration ecosystem through a symbolic interactionist lens. The project contributed substantially to the novel endeavor of theory development in social science based on large amounts of naturally occurring digital data. KW - Computational social science KW - GitHub KW - Gruppendynamik KW - Sozialpsychologie Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/4hukx SP - 1 EP - 36 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoey, Jesse A1 - Schröder, Tobias T1 - Disruption of Social Orders in Societal Transitions as Affective Control of Uncertainty JF - American behavioral scientist N2 - Bayesian affect control theory is a model of affect-driven social interaction underconditions of uncertainty. In this paper, we investigate how the operationalization of uncertainty in the model can be related to the disruption of social orders—societal pressures to adapt to ongoing environmental and technological change. First, we study the theoretical tradeoffs between three kinds of uncertainty as groups navigate external problems: validity (the predictability of the environment, including of other agents), coherence (the predictability of interpersonal affective dynamics), and dependence (the predictability of affective meanings). Second, we discuss how these uncertainty tradeoffs are related to contemporary political conflict and polarization in the context of societal transitions. To illustrate the potential of our model to analyze the socio-emotional consequences of uncertainty, we present a simulation of diverging individual affective meanings of occupational identities under uncertainty in a climate change mitigation scenario based on events in Germany. Finally, we sketch a possible research agenda to substantiate the novel, but yet mostly conjectural, ideas put forward in this paper. T2 - Störung sozialer Ordnungen in gesellschaftlichen Übergängen als affektive Kontrolle von Ungewissheit Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642211066055 SN - 1552-3381 VL - 67 IS - 2 SP - 311 EP - 331 PB - Sage Publ. CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoey, Jesse A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Morgan, Jonathan Howard A1 - Rogers, Kimberly B. A1 - Rishi, Deepak A1 - Nagappan, Meiyappan T1 - Artificial Intelligence and Social Simulation BT - Studying Group Dynamics on a Massive Scale JF - Small Group Research N2 - Recent advances in artificial intelligence and computer science can be used by social scientists in their study of groups and teams. Here, we explain how developments in machine learning and simulations with artificially intelligent agents can help group and team scholars to overcome two major problems they face when studying group dynamics. First, because empirical research on groups relies on manual coding, it is hard to study groups in large numbers (the scaling problem). Second, conventional statistical methods in behavioral science often fail to capture the nonlinear interaction dynamics occurring in small groups (the dynamics problem). Machine learning helps to address the scaling problem, as massive computing power can be harnessed to multiply manual codings of group interactions. Computer simulations with artificially intelligent agents help to address the dynamics problem by implementing social psychological theory in data-generating algorithms that allow for sophisticated statements and tests of theory. We describe an ongoing research project aimed at computational analysis of virtual software development teams. KW - Künstliche Intelligenz KW - Gruppendynamik KW - Maschinelles Lernen KW - Virtuelles Team KW - Simulation Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/1046496418802362 SN - 1552-8278 VL - 49 IS - 6 SP - 647 EP - 683 PB - Sage Publications CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoppe, Sophia A1 - Kulikowski, Piotr A1 - Lorenz-Sinai, Friederike A1 - Męczkowska-Christiansen, Astrid A1 - Zagulski, Sylwester T1 - Selected Aspects of Foster Care Systems in Poland and Germany JF - Social work & society N2 - This article compares the foster care systems in Poland and Germany, particularly focusing on the moment when young people are prepared to leave the support system and live an independent adult life. The data was collected as part of the work of an international project team in Poland and Germany in the framework of a joint research project, and included an analysis of foundational data (systematic textual analysis and secondary data analysis). An important part of the article is an analysis of the reforms of the foster care system in both countries. In Germany the reform was implemented in 2021 and in Poland the relevant law was changed in September 2022. The result is a comparison of the support systems Poland and Germany offer care leavers and a preliminary assessment of the reforms recently introduced in both countries. KW - Betreutes Wohnen KW - Deutschland KW - Fremdunterbringung KW - Jugendhilfe KW - Polen KW - Reform Y1 - 2023 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:464-sws-3179 SN - 1613-8953 VL - 21 IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 18 CY - Essen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Imai, Mutsumi A1 - Saji, Noburo A1 - Große, Gerlind A1 - Schulze, Cornelia A1 - Asano, Michiko A1 - Saalbach, Henrik T1 - General mechanisms of color lexicon acquisition : insights from comparison of German and Japanese speaking children T2 - Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society N2 - This research investigated how German-speaking children learn color words, both in terms of centroid mappings and boundary delineation, and how they construct the color lexicon as a connected system. The results were compared to those of Japanese children to draw insights on general mechanisms that underlie the acquisition of words in the color lexicon. For both languages, input frequency and category size contributed to the ease of learning. In contrast, in both language groups, naming (in)consistency in adults predicted the adult-like boundary delineation. KW - Kindersprache KW - Spracherwerb KW - Farbbezeichnung KW - Deutsch KW - Japanisch KW - Vergleich Y1 - 2020 UR - https://cognitivesciencesociety.org/cogsci20/papers/0814/0814.pdf SP - 3315 EP - 3320 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kachel, Gregor A1 - Moore, Richard A1 - Tomasello, Michael T1 - Two-year-olds use adults' but not peers' points JF - Developmental Science N2 - In the current study, 24- to 27-month-old children (N = 37) used pointing gestures in a cooperative object choice task with either peer or adult partners. When indicating the location of a hidden toy, children pointed equally accurately for adult and peer partners but more often for adult partners. When choosing from one of three hiding places, children used adults’ pointing to find a hidden toy significantly more often than they used peers’. In interaction with peers, children's choice behavior was at chance level. These results suggest that toddlers ascribe informative value to adults’ but not peers’ pointing gestures, and highlight the role of children's social expectations in their communicative development. KW - Kleinkind KW - Studie KW - Nichtverbale Kommunikation KW - Geste KW - Gebaren Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12660 SN - 1467-7687 VL - 21 IS - 5 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kajić, Ivana A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Stewart, Terrence C. A1 - Thagard, Paul T1 - The semantic pointer theory of emotion BT - Integrating physiology, appraisal, and construction JF - Cognitive Systems Research N2 - Emotion theory needs to explain the relationship of language and emotions, and the embodiment of emotions, by specifying the computational mechanisms underlying emotion generation in the brain. We used Chris Eliasmith’s Semantic Pointer Architecture to develop POEM, a computational model that explains numerous important phenomena concerning emotions, including how some stimuli generate immediate emotional reactions, how some emotional reactions depend on cognitive evaluations, how bodily states influence the generation of emotions, how some emotions depend on interactions between physiological inputs and cognitive appraisals, and how some emotional reactions concern syntactically complex representations. We contrast our theory with current alternatives, and discuss some possible applications to individual and social emotions. KW - Gefühlstheorie KW - Beurteilung KW - Affective Computing KW - Neurowissenschaften Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2019.04.007 SN - 1389-0417 VL - 58 SP - 35 EP - 53 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Korntheuer, Annette A1 - Thomas, Stefan T1 - Participation of refugee youth in Germany’s VET system BT - Real-world labs as opportunities for co-constructive knowledge production and innovative practice transformation T2 - Annual Review of Comparative and International Education 2021 N2 - Germany has become the most important destination country for young refugees in Europe (Destatis, 2021). Vocational education and training can make an important contribution to overcome educational barriers and gain participation in society (Will & Hohmut, 2020). Since 2015, rural regions have faced new challenges in establishing effective support systems for young apprentices with forced migration experience (Ohliger et al., 2017). The participatory LaeneAs research project seeks to identify educational barriers and to promote successful educational pathways for young refugees in vocational training. In four distinct rural areas in Germany, stakeholders in formal, non-formal, and informal learning environments and young refugees will be brought together in real-world laboratories. The authors aim to open space for a co-constructive knowledge production process between scientific and political stakeholders, educational practitioners, and refugee youth. Real-world laboratories are a socio-spatial methodology that combines research and a sustainable capacity building process. The lifeworld expertise will be used for a contextual condition analysis of structural, societal, and individual barriers to education as well as for practice transfer. Building on the discussion of the current state of research and the identification of significant gaps in the practice and research landscape, this essay will focus on the critical discussion of the methodological implementation of the study. KW - Migration KW - Bildungsbarriere KW - Berufsausbildung KW - Soziale Integration KW - Flüchtling Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-80262-522-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-36792022000042A002 SN - 1479-3679 SP - 25 EP - 34 PB - Emerald Publishing Limited CY - Bingley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kuchinke, Lars A1 - Mattheß, Janna A1 - Eckert, Melanie A1 - Richter, Katharina A1 - Koch, Gabriele A1 - Bindt, Carola A1 - Schweitzer, Julia A1 - Krauskopf, Karsten A1 - Rummel-Kluge, Christine A1 - Theil, Mona Katharina A1 - Galeris, Mirijam-Griseldis A1 - Reinhold, Thomas A1 - Vienhues, Petra A1 - Berghöfer, Anne A1 - Roll, Stephanie A1 - Keil, Thomas A1 - Schlensog-Schuster, Franziska A1 - von Klitzing, Kai A1 - Ludwig-Körner, Christiane T1 - Efficacy of parent-infant psychotherapy with mothers with postpartum mental disorder BT - Results from a randomized controlled trial JF - Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health N2 - Background Postpartum maternal mental health problems affect the development of mother-child interaction and of children’s attachment security. Focus-based brief parent-infant psychotherapy (PIP-f) was developed to support parents ‘mentalize’ their child’s affective states and promote a healthy parent-child relationship and child development. Efficacy of PIP-f was evaluated against care-as-usual (CAU) in a randomized controlled trial within the SKKIPPI project. Method N = 120 mothers diagnosed with an ICD-10 psychopathological disorder and their infants under one year were randomly assigned to PIP-f (n = 57) or CAU (n = 63). Primary outcome was maternal sensitivity in mother-child interaction after 6 weeks of intervention. Secondary outcomes include maternal and child psychopathological symptoms, child development, parenting stress, emotional availability, parental reflective functioning and child attachment after 6 weeks and 12 months. Results PIP-f was not superior to CAU in maternal sensitivity (b = 0.129, 95%CI [-0.161, 0.418], p = 0.378) at post-intervention, nor in maternal symptoms (b =-0.702, [-2.603, 1.198], p = 0.463) or child symptoms of regulatory disorder (b = 1.079, [-2.344, 4.502], p = 0.531). Attachment security assessed at 12 months did not differ between intervention groups (OR = 2.0, [0.64, 6.33], p = 0.226). Moderator analyses suggest that emotional availability and parental reflective functioning improve up to 12 months for more severe cases. Conclusion Differences between PIP-f and CAU were smaller than expected, but PIP-f seemed to reduce symptoms of mental health problems. Some evidence exists that mothers with higher symptom burden benefit from PIP-f. High dropout rates and initially high emotional availability prevent generalizability. Trial registration: The trial was registered in the German Register for Clinical Studies (DRKS00016353) on January 16, 2019. KW - Das Mütterliche KW - Kind KW - Kinderpsychotherapie KW - Mutter KW - Psychodynamische Psychotherapie KW - Wochenbettdepression Y1 - 2026 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-025-01013-0 SN - 1753-2000 PB - BioMed Central CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Levenson, Lance A1 - Lorenz-Sinai, Friederike A1 - Kessl, Fabian A1 - Resnik, Julia T1 - German teachers' pilgrimage to an Israeli Holocaust Memorial BT - Emotions, encounters, and contested visions JF - Anthropology and Education Quarterly N2 - Drawing on anthropological conceptions of pilgrimage, our ethnography of professional development at an Israeli Holocaust Memorial follows German teachers on journeys to Israel. Seeking transformative and transferable experiences to combat anti-Semitism in schools, teachers experienced the voyage as a secular pilgrimage rooted in Christian traditions of guilt, confession, and absolution. As teachers' emotional encounters in Israel simultaneously forged communitas and challenged official historical–pedagogical visions, their practices abroad elucidate prevalent Holocaust education discourses in contemporary Germany. KW - Gefühl KW - Judenvernichtung KW - Bildung KW - Gedenkstätte KW - Wallfahrt KW - Lehrerfortbildung Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/aeq.12508 SN - 0161-7761 SN - 1548-1492 VL - 55 IS - 4 SP - 400 EP - 418 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER -