TY - JOUR A1 - O'Madagain, Cathal A1 - Kachel, Gregor A1 - Strickland, Brent T1 - The origin of pointing BT - Evidence for the touch hypothesis JF - Science Advances N2 - Pointing gestures play a foundational role in human language, but up to now, we have not known where these gestures come from. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that pointing originates in touch. We found, first, that when pointing at a target, children and adults oriented their fingers not as though trying to create an “arrow” that picks out the target but instead as though they were aiming to touch it; second, that when pointing at a target at an angle, participants rotated their wrists to match that angle as they would if they were trying to touch the target; and last, that young children interpret pointing gestures as if they were attempts to touch things, not as arrows. These results provide the first substantial evidence that pointing originates in touch. Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:525-26110 SN - 2375-2548 VL - 5 IS - 7 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) CY - Washington ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schmidt-Wenzel, Alexandra A1 - Rubel, Katrin T1 - Inquiry-Based Learning in Social Work T2 - Inquiry-Based Learning : Undergraduate Research N2 - Research-led teaching is designed to give students the opportunity to engage with their learning process and develop the skills needed to build their professional identity through active participation in the scientific cognitive process. Here in particular, social workers need research-oriented behavior, hermeneutic competencies and reflexivity in order to master the imminent requirements of case comprehension and case processing in a professional way. KW - Ausbildung KW - Sozialarbeit KW - Hochschule KW - Lehre KW - Entdeckendes Lernen KW - Hermeneutik KW - Pädagogik KW - Reflexivität KW - Fachhochschule Potsdam Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:525-26335 SN - 978-3-030-14223-0 SP - 139 EP - 147 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - McRobert, Korinna T1 - Young survivors of sexual abuse as 'children out of place' T2 - Intersectionality and Difference in Childhood and Youth N2 - This chapter looks at children ‘out of place’ as a category, focusing on the example of the sexually abused and thus sexually exposed child as experiencing an ‘out of place’ childhood. It focuses on the child who has been sexually abused and exploited, in contexts involving no compensation – monetary or otherwise. A code for childhood sexuality also developed in the West, with the focus on the innocence and malleability of young people. The projection onto children by adults, in terms of what they should be, can thus eventually be damaging. Children are presented as incapable of being responsible subjects with their own agency in the context of sexuality. Children’s agency in the context of their sexuality is highly restricted through laws dictating minimum ages of sexual activity and consent, as well as social expectations of a child as a non-sexual and innocent being. KW - Kind KW - Sexueller Missbrauch KW - Kindheitsforschung KW - Filmanalyse KW - out of place Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-0-367-72916-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429466588-10 N1 - Das Buch finden Sie in unserem Bibliotheksbestand unter der Signatur: 11OHT352 SP - 143 EP - 157 PB - Routledge CY - London ET - 1st Edition ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kajić, Ivana A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Stewart, Terrence C. A1 - Thagard, Paul T1 - The semantic pointer theory of emotion BT - Integrating physiology, appraisal, and construction JF - Cognitive Systems Research N2 - Emotion theory needs to explain the relationship of language and emotions, and the embodiment of emotions, by specifying the computational mechanisms underlying emotion generation in the brain. We used Chris Eliasmith’s Semantic Pointer Architecture to develop POEM, a computational model that explains numerous important phenomena concerning emotions, including how some stimuli generate immediate emotional reactions, how some emotional reactions depend on cognitive evaluations, how bodily states influence the generation of emotions, how some emotions depend on interactions between physiological inputs and cognitive appraisals, and how some emotional reactions concern syntactically complex representations. We contrast our theory with current alternatives, and discuss some possible applications to individual and social emotions. KW - Gefühlstheorie KW - Beurteilung KW - Affective Computing KW - Neurowissenschaften Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2019.04.007 SN - 1389-0417 VL - 58 SP - 35 EP - 53 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wolf, Ingo A1 - Schröder, Tobias T1 - Connotative meanings of sustainable mobility BT - A segmentation approach using cultural sentiments JF - Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice N2 - Changing people’s travel behaviours and mode choices is an important mitigation option to reduce greenhouse gas emission in transport. Previous studies have shown that symbolic meanings associated with new low-emission vehicles and travel services influence people’s willingness to adopt these innovations. However, little is known about the symbolic meanings of many upcoming transport innovations, which often influence habitual decision-making and their stratification within the population. This study thus examines cultural affective meanings of a broad range of conventional and novel transport mode options in a nationally representative German sample. Cluster analysis of affective meanings of travel modes identified six unique traveller segments. These consumer groups differ significantly in their intention to adopt low-emission travel modes and are characterized by specific psychographic, socio-demographic and behavioural profiles. The results demonstrate that affective meanings of choice options are predictive regarding the attitudes and (intended) behaviour of traveller segments. Moreover, the invariant positive meanings of conventional cars across segments indicate the strong cultural embeddedness of this mode in society. We discuss the implications of our approach for the development of government strategies for sustainable transport. KW - Segmentierung KW - Soziomarketing KW - Reiseverhalten KW - Treibhauseffekt KW - Verkehr KW - Nachhaltigkeit Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2019.06.002 SN - 1879-2375 VL - 126 SP - 259 EP - 280 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peters, Uwe T1 - Teleology and mentalizing in the explanation of action JF - Synthese N2 - In empirically informed research on action explanation, philosophers and developmental psychologists have recently proposed a teleological account of the way in which we make sense of people’s intentional behavior. It holds that we typically don’t explain an agent’s action by appealing to her mental states but by referring to the objective, publically accessible facts of the world that count in favor of performing the action so as to achieve a certain goal. Advocates of the teleological account claim that this strategy is our main way of understanding people’s actions. I argue that common motivations mentioned to support the teleological account are insufficient to sustain its generalization from children to adults. Moreover, social psychological studies, combined with theoretical considerations, suggest that we do not explain actions mainly by invoking publically accessible, reason-giving facts alone but by ascribing mental states to the agent. KW - Teleologie KW - Mentalisierung KW - Sozialpsychologie Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-019-02256-z SN - 1573-0964 VL - 198 SP - 2941 EP - 2957 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schauenburg, Gesche A1 - Conrad, Markus A1 - von Scheve, Christian A1 - Barber, Horacio A. A1 - Ambrasat, Jens A1 - Aryani, Arash A1 - Schröder, Tobias T1 - Making sense of social interaction : emotional coherence drives semantic integration as assessed by event-related potentials JF - Neuropsychologia N2 - We compared event-related potentials during sentence reading, using impression formation equations of a model of affective coherence, to investigate the role of affective content processing during meaning making. The model of Affect Control Theory (ACT; Heise, 1979, 2007) predicts and quantifies the degree to which social interactions deflect from prevailing social norms and values - based on the affective meanings of involved concepts. We tested whether this model can predict the amplitude of brain waves traditionally associated with semantic processing. To this end, we visually presented sentences describing basic subject-verb-object social interactions and measured event-related potentials for final words of sentences from three different conditions of affective deflection (low, medium, high) as computed by a variant of the ACT model (Schröder, 2011). Sentence stimuli were closely controlled across conditions for alternate semantic dimensions such as contextual constraints, cloze probabilities, co-occurrences of subject-object and verb-object relations. Personality characteristics (schizotypy, Big Five) were assessed to account for individual differences, assumed to influence emotion-language interactions in information processing. Affective deflection provoked increased negativity of ERP waves during the P2/N2 and N400 components. Our data suggest that affective incoherence is perceived as conflicting information interfering with early semantic processing and that increased respective processing demands – in particular in the case of medium violations of social norms - linger on until the N400 time window classically associated with the integration of concepts into embedding context. We conclude from these results that affective meanings influence basic stages of meaning making. KW - Affect Control Theory KW - Interaktion KW - Affektive Entwicklung Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.01.002 SN - 1873-3514 VL - 125 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Amsterdam CY - Elsevier ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Scheidt, Alexander A1 - Pulver, Tim T1 - Any-Cubes BT - A Children's Toy for Learning AI: Enhanced Play with Deep Learning and MQTT T2 - MuC'19: Proceedings of Mensch und Computer 2019 N2 - Here we present Any-Cubes, a prototype toy with which children can intuitively and playfully explore and understand machine learning as well as Internet of Things technology. Our prototype is a combination of deep learning-based image classification [12] and machine-to-machine (m2m) communication via MQTT. The system consists of two physical and tangible wooden cubes. Cube 1 ("sensor cube") is inspired by Google's teachable machine [14,15]. The sensor cube can be trained on any object or scenery. The machine learning functionality is directly implemented on the microcontroller (Raspberry Pi) by a Google Edge TPU Stick. Via MQTT protocol, the microcontroller sends its current status to Cube 2, the actuator cube. The actuator cube provides three switches (relays controlled by an Arduino board) to which peripheral devices can be connected. This allows simple if-then functions to be executed in real time, regardless of location. We envision our system as an intuitive didactic tool for schools and maker spaces. KW - Edge Artifical Intelligence KW - Maschinelles Lernen KW - Internet der Dinge KW - Lernen KW - Didaktik KW - Bildung KW - Intuition Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-1-4503-7198-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/3340764.3345375 SP - 893 EP - 895 PB - Association for Computing Machinery CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ackermann, Judith A1 - Dörk, Marian A1 - Seitz, Hanne T1 - PKKB : Postdigitale Kunstpraktiken T2 - Forschung zur Digitalisierung in der Kulturellen Bildung N2 - Das interdisziplinäre Forschungsvorhaben widmet sich postdigitalen Kulturszenen, die an der Schnittstelle von Kunst, Bildung und Technologie innovative Formate ästhetischer Aneignung, Produktion und Vermittlung hervorbringen. Gemeint sind künstlerische Praktiken, die die Computertechnik zum Ausgangspunkt nehmen, um durch sie bedingte und über sie hinausgehende Fragestellungen ästhetisch neu zu verhandeln. Ausgangspunkt ist die postdigitale Beobachtung, dass Algorithmen und Daten die Gesellschaft längst durchziehen, unsere Verhältnisse zur sozialen und materiellen Welt zunehmend über digitale Repräsentationen vermitteln und die Komplexität ihrer technologischen Konstituierung unsichtbar wird (Bolter/Gruisin 1999; Cramer 2015; Berry/Dieter 2015; Contreras-Koterbay/Mirocha 2016). Vor diesem Hintergrund erlauben Kunstpraktiken, die mit digitalen Methoden generiert, aber nicht notwendigerweise digital vermittelt werden, in besonderem Maße Prozesse der Digitalisierung kritisch zu reflektieren und so die Beziehungen zwischen digitalen und physischen Räumen nicht aus dem Blick zu verlieren, sondern aktiv mitzugestalten. Dennoch finden sie in der Kulturellen Bildung (KuBi), deren Zielgruppen kaum Bewusstsein für das künstlerische und kritische Potenzial digitaler Formate haben, bislang wenig Berücksichtigung. Es scheint, als ob postdigitaler Kunst über die Altersgruppen hinweg ein hohes Maß an Affirmation von Digitalisierungsprozessen zugesprochen wird. Im Kontrast hierzu veranschaulichen prominente Vertreterinnen und Vertreter, wie digitale Methoden produktiv eingesetzt werden, um kritische Fragen zur Digitalisierung zu artikulieren (Bridle 2013). Hervorzuheben ist die Reflexionsfähigkeit medienimmanenter Ausdrucksformen postdigitaler Kunst, die eine rezeptive und kreative Auseinandersetzung mit ihrer soziotechnischen Spezifik ermöglicht, wenngleich sie im Kunstverständnis der jüngeren Generation kaum eine Rolle spielen (Meyer 2010, Seitz 2013a; Rat für Kulturelle Bildung 2015a). Es fehlt die notwendige Grundlagenforschung, um eine angemessene Anwendung postdigitalen Kunstschaffens für verschiedene Zielgruppen der KuBi zu ermöglichen. In dem folgenden Beitrag umreißen wir kurz den Status Quo der KuBi, reflektieren wesentliche Entwicklungslinien postdigitaler Kunst und formulieren Ansprüche für transdisziplinäre Forschung an deren Schnittmenge. KW - Kulturpädagogik KW - Digitalisierung KW - Ästhetik KW - Transdisziplinarität KW - Postdigital Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-86736-522-2 SP - 173 EP - 184 PB - kopaed CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ackermann, Judith A1 - Egger, Benjamin A1 - Scharlach, Rebecca T1 - Programming the postdigital : curation of appropriation processes in (collaborative) creative coding spaces JF - Postdigital Science and Education N2 - Creative coding is a form of postdigital art that uses programming to solve esthetical problems, subordinating functionality to expression. It often comes with rather uncommon usage patterns of coding, going beyond technologies' affordances and finding ways of appropriating them in an individual way and in exchange with others. The learning ecologies GitHub, Stack Overflow, and Pouët present digital infrastructures that curate and support such appropriation-related activities. The paper presents a qualitative analysis of the structure of these spaces, and the appropriation-related communication taking place. It shows how crucial the varying designs of the learning ecologies and the implemented interaction possibilities are for the appropriation activities taking place and draws a line to the desire for stronger participation in postdigital curation. KW - Postdigital KW - Codierung KW - Lernumwelt KW - Appropriation Art KW - Kunst Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s42438-019-00088-1 SN - 2524-4868 VL - 2 SP - 416 EP - 441 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER -