TY - JOUR A1 - Hoey, Jesse A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Morgan, Jonathan Howard A1 - Rogers, Kimberly B. A1 - Rishi, Deepak A1 - Nagappan, Meiyappan T1 - Artificial Intelligence and Social Simulation BT - Studying Group Dynamics on a Massive Scale JF - Small Group Research N2 - Recent advances in artificial intelligence and computer science can be used by social scientists in their study of groups and teams. Here, we explain how developments in machine learning and simulations with artificially intelligent agents can help group and team scholars to overcome two major problems they face when studying group dynamics. First, because empirical research on groups relies on manual coding, it is hard to study groups in large numbers (the scaling problem). Second, conventional statistical methods in behavioral science often fail to capture the nonlinear interaction dynamics occurring in small groups (the dynamics problem). Machine learning helps to address the scaling problem, as massive computing power can be harnessed to multiply manual codings of group interactions. Computer simulations with artificially intelligent agents help to address the dynamics problem by implementing social psychological theory in data-generating algorithms that allow for sophisticated statements and tests of theory. We describe an ongoing research project aimed at computational analysis of virtual software development teams. KW - Künstliche Intelligenz KW - Gruppendynamik KW - Maschinelles Lernen KW - Virtuelles Team KW - Simulation Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/1046496418802362 SN - 1552-8278 VL - 49 IS - 6 SP - 647 EP - 683 PB - Sage Publications CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gerling, Winfried T1 - Photography in the digital BT - Screenshot and in-game photography JF - photographies N2 - Photography in the digitally created or digitized reality is an everyday activity that is rarely discussed in the context of photographic debates. This refers to practices such as in-game photography or, simpler yet, the screenshot. The paper focuses on their history, the specific status and materiality of these images of screens. Their (hi)story begins with screen image photography of measured data on cathode ray tubes and the photographic capture of x-ray screens. Screenshots and in-game photography can be seen throughout this context but they are cameraless and can therefore be understood and discussed within a long history of experimental photographic practices. Should we speak here at all of photography? If so, what is their photographic specificity? Which image of reality do they provide us? KW - Digitale Fotografie KW - Screenshot Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/17540763.2018.1445013 SN - 1754-0771 VL - 11 IS - 2-3 SP - 149 EP - 167 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Distelmeyer, Jan T1 - From object to process BT - Interface politics of networked computerization JF - Artnodes N2 - One of the most difficult tasks today is trying to grasp the presence of computing. The almost ubiquitous and diverse forms of networked computers (in all their stationary, mobile, embedded, and autonomous modes) create a nearly overwhelming complexity. To speak of what is here evading and present at the same time, the paper proposes to reconsider the concept of interface, its historical roots, and its heuristic advantages for an analysis and critique of the current and especially everyday spread of computerization. The question of interfaces leads to isolable conditions and processes of conduction, as well as to the complexity of the cooperation formed by them. It opens both an investigative horizon and a mode of analysis, which always asks for further interface levels involved in the phenomenon I am currently investigating. As an example, the paper turns to the displacement of the file with the launch of the iPhone in 2007 and its comeback in 2017 with the “Files” apps. Both developments are profoundly related to the establishment of computers as permanently networked machines, whereby their functionality, depresentations, and ideology come into focus. KW - Schnittstelle KW - Schaltung KW - Elektrische Leitfähigkeit KW - Benutzeroberfläche Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:525-26387 SN - 1695-5951 VL - 24 SP - 83 EP - 90 PB - Universitat Oberta de Catalunya CY - Barcelona ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Distelmeyer, Jan T1 - Taking part : two steps towards networked computerization JF - Interface Critique KW - Software-defined networking KW - Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstelle Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bsz:16-ic-669956 SN - 978-3-947449-75-0 SN - 2570-0480 IS - 2 SP - 226 EP - 233 CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Distelmeyer, Jan T1 - Drawing connection : how interfaces matter JF - Interface Critique KW - Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstelle KW - Ubiquitous Computing Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-946653-92-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.11588/ic.2018.1.44733 SN - 2570-0480 SP - 23 EP - 32 CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Egger, Benjamin A1 - Ackermann, Judith T1 - Meta-curating : online exhibitions questioning curatorial practices in the postdigital age JF - International Journal for Digital Art History N2 - Curatorial activities provide (infra)structure and meaning to artworks through the selection and combination of different pieces and their public display. Therefore the way context is added shapes people’s perspective towards art. (Post-)digital art and online exhibitions come with specific constraints concerning curation and have a potential to overcome the hierarchies between curators, artists and visitors. In discussing selected digital exhibition formats from the 1990s until today, the article illustrates how the genre has evolved in response to technological changes and concepts of democratization as well as user involvement. Looking at the online exhibition “UN/NATURAL SURROGATES” (2019) the article opens up a perspective towards meta-curating that allows to conceive (online) exhibitions as a means of reflecting on curatorial processes in the postdigital era. KW - Postdigital KW - Virtuelle Ausstellung KW - Computerkunst KW - Metadaten Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.11588/dah.2020.5.72123 SN - 2363-5401 VL - 2020 IS - 5 SP - 18 EP - 35 CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bludau, Mark-Jan A1 - Dörk, Marian A1 - Heidmann, Frank T1 - Relational perspectives as situated visualizations of art collections JF - Digital Scholarship in the Humanities N2 - With relational perspectives, we examine the potential of traversing cultural collections along the richness of individual facets and relations through the process of developing an exploration-centered visualization. Cultural collections can contain thousands of artifacts, of which each typically possesses a diverse set of properties and individual facets constituting a unique relationship to the rest of the collection. Therefore, to create an appropriate representation of the complex data of each underlying artifact, oftentimes, it is not only interesting to get an overview of the entire collection from one perspective, but to explore the specific context of an artifact and the various relations it may have to other items. To investigate the potential of relational perspectives, we selected an art collection as a particularly promising case study. By following and reporting from a collaborative and iterative design process with an art museum, we developed a web interface that contrasts a collection overview with three situated visualizations each exposing a different kind of relational perspective on the art collection from an artifact. KW - Kulturelle Einrichtung KW - Digitalisierung KW - Visualisierung KW - Graphische Benutzeroberfläche KW - Digital Humanities Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqab003 SN - 1477-4615 VL - 36 IS - Supplement 2 SP - ii17 EP - ii29 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wolpers, Martin A1 - Memmel, Martin A1 - Stefaner, Moritz T1 - Supporting architecture education using the MACE system JF - International Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning N2 - Today, digital learning resources in architecture are spread over a growing number of repositories world-wide. Students of architecture face increasing problems finding and being aware of appropriate learning resources they need within their collaborative and/or exploratory learning scenarios. The Metadata for Architectural Contents in Europe (MACE) system addresses these issues by intelligently aggregating and linking information about learning resources from various repositories. We show how, by establishing explicit relations between the learning resources and by adding community features, students are supported in their learning activities. First experiments indicate that the chosen approach improves the results students can achieve in their studies. KW - E-Learning KW - Metadaten KW - Dokumentenserver KW - Lehrmittel KW - Architekturstudent KW - MACE Y1 - 2010 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTEL.2010.031264 SN - 1753-5263 VL - 2 IS - 1-2 SP - 132 EP - 144 PB - Inderscience CY - Olney ER - TY - JOUR A1 - De Luca, Ernesto William T1 - Extending the Linked Data Cloud with Multilingual Lexical Linked Data JF - Knowledge Organization N2 - A lot of information that is already available on the Web, or retrieved from local information sys-tems and social networks, is structured in data silos that are not semantically related. Semantic technologies make it apparent that the use of typed links that directly express their relations are an advantage for every application that can reuse the incorporated knowledge about the data. For this reason, data integration, through reengineering (e.g., triplify) or querying (e.g., D2R), is an important task in order to make information available for everyone. Thus, in order to build a semantic map of the data, we need knowledge about data items itself and the relation between heterogeneous data items. Here we present our work of providing Lexical Linked Data (LLD) through a meta-model that contains all the resources and gives the possibility to retrieve and navigate them from different per-spectives. After giving the definition of Lexical Linked Data, we describe the existing datasets we collected and the new datasets we included. Here we describe their format and show some use cases where we link lexical data, and show how to reuse and inference semantic data de-rived from lexical data. Different lexical resources (MultiWordNet, EuroWordNet, MEMODATA Lexicon, the Hamburg Methaphor Data-base) are connected to each other towards an Integrated Vocabulary for LLD that we evaluate and present. KW - Lexical Linked Data KW - Linked Data KW - Datenintegration KW - Semantisches Netz KW - Datenstruktur Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/0943-7444-2013-5-320 SN - 0943-7444 VL - 40 IS - 5 SP - 320 EP - 331 PB - Ergon-Verlag CY - Würzburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dörk, Marian A1 - Müller, Boris A1 - Stange, Jan-Erik A1 - Herseni, Johannes A1 - Dittrich, Katja T1 - Co-Designing Visualizations for Information Seeking and Knowledge Management JF - Open Information Science N2 - Creativity is a crucial factor in finding novel and useful visualization and interaction techniques, but its emergence is contingent on the right conditions. The focus of visualization research has traditionally been on techniques, and to a lesser degree on the process of creating them with domain experts and end users. This paper focuses on the collaborative design of visualizations for information seeking and knowledge management. The difficult, yet common challenge in any visualization project is to find meaningful visual representations and useful interaction techniques to carry out complex analysis tasks. The unique difficulty for preparing co-design activities for visualization lies in the gap between the abstract nature of data and the concrete form of visual representations. To bridge this gap, our co-design framework for visualization places particular emphasis on actors, activities, and artifacts as categories that expand the focus of visualization design beyond the traditional triad of users, tasks, and data. Drawing from general co-design principles, the framework is developed and validated during the course of two case studies in the context of information management systems and library collection databases. Based on observed patterns during the case studies, practical tactics provide advice on carrying out co-design in information visualization. KW - Information Visualization KW - Co-design KW - Methodologie KW - Wissensmanagement KW - Informationsverhalten KW - Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:525-26188 SN - 2451-1781 VL - 4 IS - 1 SP - 217 EP - 235 PB - De Gruyter Saur CY - Berlin ER -