TY - JOUR A1 - Prytula, Michael A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Dörk, Marian A1 - Ortgiese, Michael A1 - Michel, Antje A1 - Neuroth, Heike A1 - Lehmann, Janina T1 - Transformation lernen BT - Der Masterstudiengang Urbane Zukunft an der Fachhochschule Potsdam JF - Transforming Cities KW - Stadtgestaltung KW - Stadtklima KW - Stadtökologie KW - Stadtgrün KW - Hausbegrünung KW - Ausbildung KW - Fachhochschule Y1 - 2016 SN - 2366-7281 IS - 3 SP - 76 EP - 79 PB - Trialog publishers CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Hoey, Jesse A1 - Rogers, Kimberly B. T1 - Modeling dynamic identities and uncertainty in social interaction BT - Bayesian affect control theory JF - American Sociological Review N2 - Drawing on Bayesian probability theory, we propose a generalization of affect control theory (BayesACT) that better accounts for the dynamic fluctuation of identity meanings for self and other during interactions, elucidates how people infer and adjust meanings through social experience, and shows how stable patterns of interaction can emerge from individuals’ uncertain perceptions of identities. Using simulations, we illustrate how this generalization offers a resolution to several issues of theoretical significance within sociology and social psychology by balancing cultural consensus with individual deviations from shared meanings, balancing meaning verification with the learning processes reflective of change, and accounting for noise in communicating identity. We also show how the model speaks to debates about core features of the self, which can be understood as stable and yet malleable, coherent and yet composed of multiple identities that may carry competing meanings. We discuss applications of the model in different areas of sociology, implications for understanding identity and social interaction, as well as the theoretical grounding of computational models of social behavior. KW - Sozialwesen KW - Zusammenarbeit KW - Bayes-Verfahren KW - Soziologie KW - Psychologie Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122416650963 SN - 0003-1224 VL - 81 IS - 4 SP - 828 EP - 855 PB - Sage CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Prytula, Michael T1 - Sprache und Bedeutung als Grundlagenthemen im Coaching T2 - Handbuch Schlüsselkonzepte im Coaching N2 - Coaching lässt sich als ein Prozess der Bedeutungsschaffung durch sprachliche Interaktion verstehen. Bedeutungen sind kohärente Begriffsnetzwerke, die zum einen sozial geteilt, zum anderen im emotionalen Erleben von Personen fundiert sind. Wir stellen den aktuellen Forschungsstand in der Kognitionswissenschaft und Sozialpsychologie dar und erläutern am Beispiel eines am Markt etablierten Coaching-Modells („Contextuelles Coaching“) die Bedeutung dieser Forschung für die Coaching-Praxis. KW - Sprache KW - Konnotation KW - Textkohärenz KW - Coaching KW - Kontext Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-662-45119-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45119-9_66-1 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Jung, Joshua A1 - Morgan, Jonathan A1 - Hoey, Jesse A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Wolf, Ingo T1 - Grounding social interaction with affective intelligence T2 - Advances in Artificial Intelligence : 29th Canadian Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Canadian AI 2016, Victoria, BC, Canada, May 31 - June 3, 2016. Proceedings KW - Künstliche Intelligenz KW - Soziologie KW - Humanfaktor KW - Informationsverhalten Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-319-34111-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-34111-8_7 SP - 52 EP - 57 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - von Lupin, Martin A1 - Geuder, Philipp A1 - Leidinger, Marie-Claire A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Dörk, Marian T1 - Emosaic – Visualisierung von Emotionen in Texten durch Farbumwandlung zur Analyse und Exploration T2 - DHd 2016 : Modellierung - Vernetzung - Visualisierung : die Digital Humanities als fächerübergreifendes Forschungsparadigma : Konferenzabstracts : Universität Leipzig, 7. bis 12. März 2016 N2 - Das computergestützte Extrahieren und Visualisieren von Emotionen in Texten ist eine etablierte Technik des “Distant Reading”. Die generelle Stimmung eines Textes kann schnell erfasst werden ohne den gesamten Text lesen zu müssen. Da Emotionen sehr komplex und die Eigenschaften zwischen verschiedenen Emotionen fließend sind, ist die visuelle Charakterisierung von Emotionen schwierig. Wir stellen Emosaic vor, ein Online-Tool welches Emotionen aus benutzerdefinierten Texten filtert und durch systematische und nachvollziehbare Farbumwandlung zur Exploration und Analyse innerhalb einer interaktiven Visualisierung bereitstellt. Die durch drei Dimensionen beschreibbaren Emotionen werden dabei in klar definierte Farbparameter übersetzt. Ein von uns entwickelter öffentlich zugänglicher Web- Prototyp ( vgl. Geuder et al. 2014-) zeigt anhand interaktiver Visualisierungen erste Analyse- und Explorationsmöglichkeiten dieser Methode. KW - Geisteswissenschaften KW - Digital KW - Visualisierung KW - Text KW - Emotion KW - Farbe KW - Farbzuweisung KW - Farbübersetzung Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-941379-05-3 SP - 263 EP - 266 PB - nisaba verlag CY - Duisburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Stewart, Terrence C. A1 - Thagard, Paul T1 - Intention, Emotion, and Action BT - A Neural Theory Based on Semantic Pointers JF - Cognitive Science N2 - We propose a unified theory of intentions as neural processes that integrate representations of states of affairs, actions, and emotional evaluation. We show how this theory provides answers to philosophical questions about the concept of intention, psychological questions about human behavior, computational questions about the relations between belief and action, and neuroscientific questions about how the brain produces actions. Our theory of intention ties together biologically plausible mechanisms for belief, planning, and motor control. The computational feasibility of these mechanisms is shown by a model that simulates psychologically important cases of intention. KW - Sozialität KW - Intension KW - Psychologie KW - Gefühl KW - Philosophie Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12100 SN - 1551-6709 VL - 38 IS - 5 SP - 851 EP - 880 PB - Wiley CY - Malden, Mass. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Thagard, Paul T1 - Priming BT - Constraint Satisfaction and Interactive Competition JF - Social Cognition. Suppl.: Understanding Priming Effects in Social Psychology N2 - Priming influences holistic representations of social situations and subsequent actions through interactive competition among relevant concepts such as the prime, the self, a partner, or other features of the environment. The constraints among these representations stem from culturally shared affective meanings of concepts acquired in socialization. Our theory is implemented in a localist connectionist model, which in simulations reproduced major experimental results on priming. The neural plausibility of our proposal comes from semantic pointers, a neural mechanism that integrates symbolic concepts with underlying emotional and sensorimotor processes. The compositional nature of semantic pointers also explains the interaction of priming with more deliberate and intentional forms of social cognition. KW - Psychologie KW - Sozialwesen KW - Kognition KW - Soziologie Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2014.32.supp.152 SN - 0278-016X VL - 32 IS - Suppl. SP - 152 EP - 167 PB - Guilford CY - New York, NY ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Homer-Dixon, Thomas A1 - Milkoreit, Manjana A1 - Mock, Steven M. A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Thagard, Paul T1 - The conceptual structure of social disputes BT - Cognitive-affective mapping as a tool for conflict analysis and resolution JF - SAGE Open N2 - We describe and illustrate a new method of graphically diagramming disputants’ points of view called cognitive-affective mapping. The products of this method—cognitive-affective maps (CAMs)—represent an individual’s concepts and beliefs about a particular subject, such as another individual or group or an issue in dispute. Each of these concepts and beliefs has its own emotional value. The result is a detailed image of a disputant’s complex belief system that can assist in-depth analysis of the ideational sources of the dispute and thereby aid its resolution. We illustrate the method with representations of the beliefs of typical individuals involved in four contemporary disputes of markedly different type: a clash over German housing policy, disagreements between Israelis over the meaning of the Western Wall, contention surrounding exploitation of Canada’s bitumen resources, and the deep dispute between people advocating action on climate change and those skeptical about the reality of the problem. KW - Konflikt KW - Kognition KW - Gefühl KW - Glaube Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:525-15802 SN - 2158-2440 VL - 4 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 20 PB - Sage Publ. CY - Thousand Oaks, Calif. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wolf, Ingo A1 - Gortana, Flavio A1 - Herrmann, Ivo A1 - Thiele, Paul A1 - Heidmann, Frank A1 - Schröder, Tobias T1 - Drag-and-drop cognition BT - Graphical User Interface for cognitive-affective models in multi-agent systems N2 - We present a newly developed graphical user interface, which allows researchers to create models of complex societal decision-making in a user-friendly manner without being required to program. The software tool is based on InnoMind, an agent-based model that implements theories of emotional cognition from cognitive science. We show the current work in progress and outline the near-term goals of the software development project. KW - Benutzerschnittstelle KW - Graphische Datenverarbeitung KW - Entscheidungsunterstützung KW - Kognition KW - Mehragentensystem Y1 - 2015 N1 - 2nd GESIS Computational Social Science Winter Symposium 2015, December 2-3, 2015, Cologne, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wolf, Ingo A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Neumann, Jochen A1 - de Haan, Gerhard T1 - Changing minds about electric cars BT - An empirically grounded agent-based modeling approach JF - Technological Forecasting and Social Change N2 - The diffusion of electric vehicles (EVs) is considered an effective policy strategy to meet greenhouse gas reduction targets. For large-scale adoption, however, demand-side oriented policy measures are required, based on consumers' transport needs, values and social norms. We introduce an empirically grounded, spatially explicit, agent-based model, InnoMind (Innovation diffusion driven by changing Minds), to simulate the effects of policy interventions and social influence on consumers' transport mode preferences. The agents in this model represent individual consumers. They are calibrated based on empirically derived attributes and characteristics of survey respondents. We model agent decision-making with artificial neural networks that account for the role of emotions in information processing. We present simulations of 4 scenarios for the diffusion of EVs in the city of Berlin, Germany (3 policy scenarios and 1 base case). The results illustrate the varying effectiveness of measures in different market segments and the need for appropriate policies tailored to the heterogeneous needs of different travelers. Moreover, the simulations suggest that introducing an exclusive zone for EVs in the city would accelerate the early-phase diffusion of EVs more effectively than financial incentives only. KW - Emotion KW - Elektrofahrzeug KW - Verkehr KW - Sozialer Indikator KW - Meinungsänderung Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2014.10.010 SN - 0040-1625 IS - 94 SP - 269 EP - 285 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hoey, Jesse A1 - Schröder, Tobias T1 - Bayesian affect control theory of self T2 - Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and the Twenty-Seventh Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference, 25 - 30 January, Austin, Texas, USA. Volume 1 N2 - Notions of identity and of the self have long been studied in social psychology and sociology as key guiding elements of social interaction and coordination. In the AI of the future, these notions will also play a role in producing natural, socially appropriate artificially intelligent agents that encompass subtle and complex human social and affective skills. We propose here a Bayesian generalization of the sociological affect control theory of self as a theoretical foundation for socio-affectively skilled artificial agents. This theory posits that each human maintains an internal model of his or her deep sense of "self" that captures their emotional, psychological, and socio-cultural sense of being in the world. The "self" is then externalised as an identity within any given interpersonal and institutional situation, and this situational identity is the person's local (in space and time) representation of the self. Situational identities govern the actions of humans according to affect control theory. Humans will seek situations that allow them to enact identities consistent with their sense of self. This consistency is cumulative over time: if some parts of a person's self are not actualized regularly, the person will have a growing feeling of inauthenticity that they will seek to resolve. In our present generalisation, the self is represented as a probability distribution, allowing it to be multi-modal (a person can maintain multiple different identities), uncertain (a person can be unsure about who they really are), and learnable (agents can learn the identities and selves of other agents). We show how the Bayesian affect control theory of self can underpin artificial agents that are socially intelligent. KW - Künstliche Intelligenz KW - Identität KW - Reasoning KW - Wahrscheinlichkeit KW - Affekt KW - Selbstkontrolle Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-1-57735-699-8 SP - 529 EP - 536 PB - AAAI Press CY - Palo Alto, Calif. ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Michelini, Gabriela A1 - Klaperski, Daniel A1 - Michel, Antje A1 - Dametto, Diego A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Tauch, Anne A1 - Popiolek, Roy T1 - Anwendung von Co-Creation-Tools für die Entwicklung innovativer Mobilitätslösungen N2 - Co-Creation ist eine aktive, kreative und soziale Zusammenarbeit zwischen verschiedenen Personengruppen zur Entwicklung neuer Lösungen. Das Projekt SmartUpLab fördert Co-Creation-Tools als ein Element der Entscheidungsfindung für die zukünftige Mobilität in regionalen und lokalen Kontexten. Dieser Bericht gibt einen Überblick über die Anwendung der Co-Creation-Tools, die von Projekten im deutschsprachigen Raum umgesetzt werden, um das Engagement verschiedener Akteure mit gemeinsamen Aktionen zur Entwicklung einer nachhaltigen und integrierten zukünftigen Mobilität zu fördern. Im ersten Teil des Berichts werden die von anderen Forschungsprojekten entwickelten Co-Creation-Tools als Ergebnis einer systematischen Literaturrecherche vorgestellt. Dieser Bericht erstellt eine Triangulation der systematischen und repräsentativen Analyse mit einer Case-Studie von den Projekten, die im Rahmen des Instituts für angewandte Forschung Urbane Zukunft (IaF) entwickelt wurden. Im zweiten Teil des Berichts ist der interne Lernprozess dargestellt, der die qualitative Analyse von Berichten, Dokumenten und Websites von den Projekten PaSyMo, MaaS4P und MaaS L.A.B.S umfasst. Die Erhebung von Daten wurde mit einem Fragebogen an die Projektmitglieder durchgeführt und mit Gruppendiskussionen kombiniert. Eine qualitative Analyse wurde mit Unterstützung der Software Atlas.ti 9 (2020) durchgeführt. Der dritte Teil des Berichts analysiert und vergleicht die in den ersten beiden Teilen erzielten Ergebnisse und gibt Empfehlungen für die Auswahl eines Co-Creation-Tools und dessen Aspekte, die bei der Umsetzung zu berücksichtigen sind. T2 - Implementation of Co-Creation-Tools for the development of innovative mobility solutions KW - Verkehr KW - Mobilität KW - Kooperation KW - Forschungsprojekt KW - Entscheidungsunterstützung KW - Computerunterstütztes Verfahren KW - Bewertung KW - Projektanalyse KW - Online-Befragung Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:525-25400 CY - Potsdam ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Dametto, Diego A1 - Klaperski, Daniel A1 - Lange, Katharina A1 - Michelini, Gabriela A1 - Popiolek, Roy A1 - Michel, Antje A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Tauch, Anne T1 - Abschlussbericht SmartUpLab – Decision Support Tools für integrierte Stadtentwicklung N2 - Eine zukunftsweisende und nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung erfordert integrierte, ganzheitliche Planungsprozesse und die Integration von Akteur*innen verschiedener Fachrichtungen. Digitale Technologien und Ansätze datenbasierter Stadtentwicklung können Städte bei diesen Prozessen unterstützen. Vor diesem Hintergrund entwickelte die Fachhochschule Potsdam (FHP) im EFRE-geförderten Projekt „SmartUpLab – Decision-Support Tools für Integrierte Stadtentwicklung“ ein digitales Planungstool, das – eingebettet in ein ebenfalls im Projekt entwickeltes Workshopkonzept – die Bearbeitung komplexer Fragestellungen in der Stadtentwicklung und der Mobilitätsplanung vereinfacht. Insbesondere war das Ziel, das Tool und die Methoden seiner Entwicklung und Anwendung durch partizipative Prozesse und die Einbindung verschiedener Stakeholdergruppen zu ermöglichen. Für die Erarbeitung des Tools in einem transdisziplinären Prozess entwickelte SmartUpLab einen agilen Co-Creation-Ansatz, der in der Zusammenarbeit mit Stakeholdern Rahmenbedingungen und Parameter für das Planungstool identifiziert. In zwei Anwendungsfällen wurden Planungstools für die Verkehrs- und Stadtplanung entwickelt. Im ersten Anwendungsfall wurden mit der Verkehrsbetrieb Potsdam GmbH (ViP) und der Landeshauptstadt Potsdam (LHP) Szenarien für den Betrieb einer neuen Buslinie mit Bedarfshalten (DRT) für das Potsdamer Wohngebiet „Bornstedter Feld“ untersucht. Mit dem Amt für Stadtentwicklung der Fontanestadt Neuruppin wurden im zweiten Anwendungsfall die Auswirkungen von verschiedenen Maßnahmen für das Parkraummanagement miteinander verglichen. In beiden Fällen erfolgte eine Aggregation von (GIS-)Daten aus verschiedenen Quellen, welche die Grundlage für eine Agentenbasierte Modellierung urbaner Mobilität bildeten. In mehreren Workshops wurden zusammen die Anforderungen erhoben und Konzepte validiert. Als Abschluss fand ein Reallabor-Workshop statt, in dem der Einsatz der Tools unter realen Bedingungen erprobt wurde. Im ersten Anwendungsfall wurden Betriebsszenarien für den Betrieb des DRT entworfen und miteinander verglichen. Die Ergebnisse der DRT-Szenarien flossen in die Operationalisierung der weiteren Buslinienplanung ein. Im zweiten Anwendungsfall wurden Maßnahmen und Verkehrszahlen im Kontext des Parkraummanagements in der Neuruppiner Innenstadt modelliert, um die jeweiligen Wirkungen verschiedener Szenarien erfassen zu können. Grundsätzlich konnte SmartUpLab feststellen, dass das entwickelte Tool aus technischer Hinsicht die gesetzten Anforderungen zu großen Teilen erfüllen konnte. Insbesondere eingebettet in das Workshopkonzept, das die Stakeholder bei der Entwicklung und Beurteilung ihrer Szenarien mithilfe des Planungstools anleitet, konnten in beiden Use Cases verwertbare Lösungen für die die eingangs gemeinsam entwickelten planerischen Problemstellungen entwickelt werden. Sowohl bei der transdisziplinären Erarbeitung des Tools als auch bei seiner Anwendung ist das Projekt allerdings auch auf Herausforderungen gestoßen. Bei der transdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit hat sich gezeigt, dass es wichtig ist, die zeitlichen Agenden beteiligter Stakeholdergruppen zu synchronisieren. Hierdurch kann sichergestellt werden, dass die Ergebnisse der Modellierung zeitnah in die Entscheidungsprozesse einfließen können. Insgesamt kommt SmartUpLab damit zur Erkenntnis, dass der Einsatz eines solchen Tools für die Stadtentwicklungspraxis zwar zahlreiche Potenziale bietet, die Nutzung und Verbreitung des Tools jedoch noch von diversen systemischen Rahmenbedingungen erschwert wird. Während bei der Arbeit mit simulationsbasierten Szenarien Systeme unter verschiedenen Rahmenbedingungen getestet werden, sind bisher in der Stadtplanung eher der Umgang mit festen Referenzwerten üblich, die gegenüber der Politik gerechtfertigt werden können. Daher hat sich die Arbeit mit hypothetischen Werten als herausfordernd erwiesen und gezeigt, dass an dieser Stelle die Logik der Verwaltung und kommunalpolitischen Entscheidungsfindung schwer mit der Logik der szenariobasierten Simulation vereinbar sind. Die Anwendung Agentenbasierter Modellierung in der Praxis der Stadtentwicklung erfordert für Verwaltungen neue Herangehensweisen, Denkweisen und das Zulassen von innovativen Ansätzen in der Arbeitsweise der Kommunen. Zudem ist eine Offenheit für neue Ansätze und Methoden seitens der beteiligten Stakeholder notwendig. Kurz- bzw. mittelfristig erscheint es daher weniger aussichtsreich, das entwickelte Planungstool als lizenzierbares Produkt auszuarbeiten, als es, eingebettet in das Workshopkonzept, als Weiterbildungsangebot zum Kompetenzaufbau für digitale Planungsprozesse einzusetzen. Sowohl in Bezug auf diese Perspektiven für die Weiterentwicklung als auch jenseits der konkreten Projektergebnisse war die Projektförderung von großem Wert für die FHP, weil wertvolle Expertise und gute Beziehungen zu außerhochschulischen Stakeholdern in einem zukunftsträchtigen Forschungs- und Transferthema aufgebaut werden konnten. Dies hat sich bereits jetzt in der erfolgreichen Einwerbung thematisch auf SmartUpLab aufbauender Folgeprojekte niedergeschlagen. T2 - Final report of the project SmartUpLab - Decision Support Tools for integrated mobility planning KW - Mobilität KW - partizipative Modellierung KW - Regionale Mobilität KW - Modellierung KW - Entscheidungsunterstützungssystem KW - Stadtentwicklung KW - Reallabor KW - Mobilitätslösungen Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:525-29037 N1 - Gefördert durch den Europäischen Fonds für Regionale Entwicklung Antragsnummer: 85037057, Laufzeit 1.3.2020 bis 31.8.2022 CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lin, Luyuan A1 - Czarnuch, Stephen A1 - Malhotra, Aarti A1 - Yu, Lifei A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Hoey, Jesse T1 - Affectively Aligned Cognitive Assistance Using Bayesian Affect Control Theory T2 - Ambient Assisted Living and Daily Activities N2 - This paper describes a novel emotionally intelligent cognitive assistant to engage and help older adults with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) to complete activities of daily living (ADL) more independently. Our new system combines two research streams. First, the development of cognitive assistants with artificially intelligent controllers using partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs). Second, a model of the dynamics of emotion and identity called Affect Control Theory that arises from the sociological literature on culturally shared sentiments. We present background material on both of these research streams, and then demonstrate a prototype assistive technology that combines the two. We discuss the affective reasoning, the probabilistic and decision-theoretic reasoning, the computer-vision based activity monitoring, the embodied prompting, and we show results in proof-of-concept tests. KW - Dichte KW - Markov-Entscheidungsprozess KW - Alzheimerkrankheit Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-319-13105-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13105-4_41 SN - 1611-3349 SP - 279 EP - 287 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoey, Jesse A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Alhothali, Areej T1 - Affect control processes BT - Intelligent affective interaction using a partially observable Markov decision process JF - Artificial Intelligence N2 - This paper describes a novel method for building affectively intelligent human-interactive agents. The method is based on a key sociological insight that has been developed and extensively verified over the last twenty years, but has yet to make an impact in artificial intelligence. The insight is that resource bounded humans will, by default, act to maintain affective consistency. Humans have culturally shared fundamental affective sentiments about identities, behaviours, and objects, and they act so that the transient affective sentiments created during interactions confirm the fundamental sentiments. Humans seek and create situations that confirm or are consistent with, and avoid and suppress situations that disconfirm or are inconsistent with, their culturally shared affective sentiments. This “affect control principle” has been shown to be a powerful predictor of human behaviour. In this paper, we present a probabilistic and decision-theoretic generalisation of this principle, and we demonstrate how it can be leveraged to build affectively intelligent artificial agents. The new model, called BayesAct, can maintain multiple hypotheses about sentiments simultaneously as a probability distribution, and can make use of an explicit utility function to make value-directed action choices. This allows the model to generate affectively intelligent interactions with people by learning about their identity, predicting their behaviours using the affect control principle, and taking actions that are simultaneously goal-directed and affect-sensitive. We demonstrate this generalisation with a set of simulations. We then show how our model can be used as an emotional “plug-in” for artificially intelligent systems that interact with humans in two different settings: an exam practice assistant (tutor) and an assistive device for persons with a cognitive disability. KW - Emotionales Verhalten KW - Soziologie KW - Markov-Entscheidungsprozess KW - Intelligentes Tutorsystem KW - Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2015.09.004 SN - 0004-3702 VL - 230 SP - 134 EP - 172 PB - Elseviert CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Malhotra, Aarti A1 - Yu, Lifei A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Hoey, Jesse T1 - An exploratory study into the use of an emotionally aware cognitive assistant T2 - AAAI Workshop : Artificial Intelligence Applied to Assistive Technologies and Smart Environments N2 - This paper presents an exploratory study conducted to understand how audio-visual prompts are understood by people on an emotional level as a first step towards the more challenging task of designing emotionally aligned prompts for persons with cognitive disabilities such as Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). Persons with ADRD often need assistance from a caregiver to complete daily living activities such as washing hands, making food, or getting dressed. Artificially intelligent systems have been developed that can assist in such situations. This paper presents a set of prompt videos of a virtual human ‘Rachel’, wherein she expressively communicates prompts at each step of a simple hand washing task, with various human-like emotions and behaviors. A user study was conducted for 30 such videos with respect to three basic and important dimensions of emotional experience: evaluation, potency, and activity. The results show that, while people generally agree on the evaluation (valence: good/bad) of a prompt, consensus about power and activity is not as socially homogeneous. Our long term aim is to enhance such systems by delivering automated prompts that are emotionally aligned with individuals in order to help with prompt adherence and with long-term adoption. KW - Audiovisuelles Material KW - Alzheimerkrankheit KW - Demenz KW - Künstliche Intelligenz Y1 - 2015 UR - https://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/WS/AAAIW15/paper/download/10147/10147 PB - Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence CY - Palo Alto ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Wolf, Ingo T1 - Modeling multi-level mechanisms of environmental attitudes and behaviours BT - The example of carsharing in Berlin JF - Journal of Environmental Psychology N2 - Psychological research practices are often prone to individualistic biases, emphasizing individual-level mechanisms of attitudes, behaviour, and persuasion, while neglecting the dynamics of communication in social networks. We illustrate with our InnoMind simulation model how agent-based modeling as a research method can account for the multi-level interactions between information processing in individual brains and flows of information in societies. InnoMind is based on theories of emotional cognition from cognitive science, theories of attitudes and persuasion from social psychology, and theories of social networks from sociology. In a case study, we show how the model can be used to address practical research questions in environmental psychology: We describe computer simulations with InnoMind that can serve as ex-ante evaluations of suitable campaign strategies for the promotion of carsharing as an innovative means of sustainable urban transportation. We discuss how empirical/experimental versus computational/theoretical research strategies in environmental psychology can and should be regarded as mutually informative. KW - Agent-based model KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Anspruchsdenken KW - Innovation KW - Carsharing KW - Umweltverträglichkeit KW - Berlin Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2016.03.007 SN - 0272-4944 VL - 52 SP - 136 EP - 148 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoey, Jesse A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Morgan, Jonathan Howard A1 - Rogers, Kimberly B. A1 - Rishi, Deepak A1 - Nagappan, Meiyappan T1 - Artificial Intelligence and Social Simulation BT - Studying Group Dynamics on a Massive Scale JF - Small Group Research N2 - Recent advances in artificial intelligence and computer science can be used by social scientists in their study of groups and teams. Here, we explain how developments in machine learning and simulations with artificially intelligent agents can help group and team scholars to overcome two major problems they face when studying group dynamics. First, because empirical research on groups relies on manual coding, it is hard to study groups in large numbers (the scaling problem). Second, conventional statistical methods in behavioral science often fail to capture the nonlinear interaction dynamics occurring in small groups (the dynamics problem). Machine learning helps to address the scaling problem, as massive computing power can be harnessed to multiply manual codings of group interactions. Computer simulations with artificially intelligent agents help to address the dynamics problem by implementing social psychological theory in data-generating algorithms that allow for sophisticated statements and tests of theory. We describe an ongoing research project aimed at computational analysis of virtual software development teams. KW - Künstliche Intelligenz KW - Gruppendynamik KW - Maschinelles Lernen KW - Virtuelles Team KW - Simulation Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/1046496418802362 SN - 1552-8278 VL - 49 IS - 6 SP - 647 EP - 683 PB - Sage Publications CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Prytula, Michael A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Mieg, Harald A. T1 - Inter- and Transdisciplinarity T2 - Inquiry-Based Learning: Undergraduate Research N2 - How does inquiry-based learning work in interdisciplinary, practical teaching contexts? This chapter presents examples of interdisciplinary inquiry-based learning and the associated basic conditions. The conclusion is comprised of three theses. We claim that inter- and transdisciplinarity require a new unity of teaching and research. KW - Entdeckendes Lernen KW - Interdisziplinäre Forschung KW - Transdisziplinarität KW - Hochschuldidaktik KW - Fachhochschule Potsdam Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:525-26340 SN - 978-3-030-14223-0 SP - 115 EP - 123 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Luthardt, Jasmin A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Hildebrandt, Frauke A1 - Bormann, Inka T1 - “And then we’ll just check if it suits us” : cognitive-affective maps of social innovation in early childhood education JF - Frontiers in Education N2 - The idea that a simple execution of an innovation invented by actors other than those who are expected to apply it is not likely to take place is a truism. We assume, however, in this paper the idea of a discursive production of knowledge on the application of an innovation across different levels of the education system. We aim to shed light on an innovation’s ‘journey’ from educational policy over training providers to teams of professionals in early childhood education and care (ECEC). By investigating knowledge and emotions associated with the introduction of an intended innovation using the example of “stimulation interactions” in day care-centers, the paper contributes to research on the transfer of innovations in education. To better understand challenges occurring during the transfer of innovations, we triangulate methods from discourse theory (coding techniques based on GTM) and cognitive science, namely cognitive-affective mapping (according to the scholarly conventions). The data corpus includes educational plans (N = 2), in-service training programs (N = 123) and group discussions of pedagogical teams (N = 6) who participated in an in-service training on the subject, stimulating interaction. Findings underline that similar messages from the inventors on the educational policy level are received and processed heterogeneously by the teams of pedagogues as a result of their preexisting views, routine practices and experiences with intended innovations through in-service trainings. Besides, a diffuse mixture of competing and contradictory information is communicated to the professionals and, hence, collides with the in-service training providers’ and educational policy actors’ expectations on the processing of the intended innovation. Specific knowledge elements and their valences are diametrically opposed to each other. Dissonances like these are considered as obstacles to social innovation. The obstacles are caused by the lack of a ‘common language’ beyond all levels. Hence, policy-makers and in-service-training providers should anticipate the supportive as well as competing knowledge-emotional complexes of professionals and take these into account when communicating an intended innovation. KW - Sozialinnovation KW - Kartierung KW - Kleinkindpädagogik KW - Bildungspolitik KW - Lehrerfortbildung KW - Triangulierung Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.00033 SN - 2504-284X VL - 5 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zöller, Nikolas A1 - Morgan, Jonathan H. A1 - Schröder, Tobias T1 - Modeling interaction in collaborative groups BT - affect control within social structure JF - Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation N2 - This paper studies the dynamics of identity and status management within groups in collaborative settings. We present an agent-based simulation model for group interaction rooted in social psychological theory. The model integrates affect control theory with networked interaction structures and sequential behavior protocols as they are often encountered in task groups. By expressing status hierarchy through network structure, we build a bridge between expectation states theory and affect control theory, and are able to reproduce central results from the expectation states research program in sociological social psychology. Furthermore, we demonstrate how the model can be applied to analyze specialized task groups or sub-cultural domains by combining it with empirical data sources. As an example, we simulate groups of open-source software developers and analyze how cultural expectations influence the occupancy of high status positions in these groups. KW - Affekt KW - Kontrolle KW - Kollaboration KW - Interaktion Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18564/jasss.4699 SN - 1460-7425 VL - 24 IS - 4 PB - Guildford CY - SimSoc Consortium ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoey, Jesse A1 - MacKinnon, Neil J. A1 - Schröder, Tobias T1 - Denotative and connotative management of uncertainty BT - A computational dual-process model JF - Judgment and Decision Making N2 - The interplay between intuitive and deliberative processing is known to be important for human decision making. As independent modes, intuitive processes can take on many forms from associative to constructive, while deliberative processes often rely on some notion of decision theoretic rationality or pattern matching. Dual process models attempt to unify these two modes based on parallel constraint networks or on socially or emotionally oriented adjustments to utility functions. This paper presents a new kind of dual process model that unifies decision theoretic deliberative reasoning with intuitive reasoning based on shared cultural affective meanings in a single Bayesian sequential model. Agents constructed according to this unified model are motivated by a combination of affective alignment (intuitive) and decision theoretic reasoning (deliberative), trading the two off as a function of the uncertainty or unpredictability of the situation. The model also provides a theoretical bridge between decision-making research and sociological symbolic interactionism. Starting with a high-level view of existing models, we advance Bayesian Affect Control Theory (BayesACT) as a promising new type of dual process model that explicitly and optimally (in the Bayesian sense) trades off motivation, action, beliefs and utility. We demonstrate a key component of the model as being sufficient to account for some aspects of classic cognitive biases about fairness and dissonance, and outline how this new theory relates to parallel constraint satisfaction models. KW - Zwei-Prozess-Modell KW - Gefühl KW - Affekt KW - Kognitive Dissonanz Y1 - 2021 UR - http://journal.sjdm.org/20/200104/jdm200104.pdf U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1930297500008652 SN - 1930-2975 VL - 16 IS - 2 SP - 505 EP - 550 PB - Society for Judgment and Decision Making ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zöller, Nikolas A1 - Morgan, Jonathan Howard A1 - Schröder, Tobias T1 - A topology of groups BT - What GitHub can tell us about online collaboration JF - Technological Forecasting and Social Change N2 - In this work, we study the collaboration patterns of open source software projects on GitHub by analyzing the pull request submissions and acceptances of repositories. We develop a group typology based on the structural properties of the corresponding directed graphs, and analyze how the topology is connected to the repositorys collective identity, hierarchy, productivity, popularity, resilience and stability. These analyses indicate significant differences between group types and thereby provide valuable insights on how to effectively organize collaborative software development. Identifying the mechanisms that underlie self-organized collaboration on digital platforms is important not just to better understand open source software development but also all other decentralized and digital work environments, a setting widely regarded as a key feature of the future work place. KW - GitHub KW - Kollaboration KW - Netzwerkanalyse KW - Maschinelles Lernen Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120291 SN - 1873-5509 VL - 161 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wolf, Ingo A1 - Schröder, Tobias T1 - Connotative meanings of sustainable mobility BT - A segmentation approach using cultural sentiments JF - Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice N2 - Changing people’s travel behaviours and mode choices is an important mitigation option to reduce greenhouse gas emission in transport. Previous studies have shown that symbolic meanings associated with new low-emission vehicles and travel services influence people’s willingness to adopt these innovations. However, little is known about the symbolic meanings of many upcoming transport innovations, which often influence habitual decision-making and their stratification within the population. This study thus examines cultural affective meanings of a broad range of conventional and novel transport mode options in a nationally representative German sample. Cluster analysis of affective meanings of travel modes identified six unique traveller segments. These consumer groups differ significantly in their intention to adopt low-emission travel modes and are characterized by specific psychographic, socio-demographic and behavioural profiles. The results demonstrate that affective meanings of choice options are predictive regarding the attitudes and (intended) behaviour of traveller segments. Moreover, the invariant positive meanings of conventional cars across segments indicate the strong cultural embeddedness of this mode in society. We discuss the implications of our approach for the development of government strategies for sustainable transport. KW - Segmentierung KW - Soziomarketing KW - Reiseverhalten KW - Treibhauseffekt KW - Verkehr KW - Nachhaltigkeit Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2019.06.002 SN - 1879-2375 VL - 126 SP - 259 EP - 280 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kajić, Ivana A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Stewart, Terrence C. A1 - Thagard, Paul T1 - The semantic pointer theory of emotion BT - Integrating physiology, appraisal, and construction JF - Cognitive Systems Research N2 - Emotion theory needs to explain the relationship of language and emotions, and the embodiment of emotions, by specifying the computational mechanisms underlying emotion generation in the brain. We used Chris Eliasmith’s Semantic Pointer Architecture to develop POEM, a computational model that explains numerous important phenomena concerning emotions, including how some stimuli generate immediate emotional reactions, how some emotional reactions depend on cognitive evaluations, how bodily states influence the generation of emotions, how some emotions depend on interactions between physiological inputs and cognitive appraisals, and how some emotional reactions concern syntactically complex representations. We contrast our theory with current alternatives, and discuss some possible applications to individual and social emotions. KW - Gefühlstheorie KW - Beurteilung KW - Affective Computing KW - Neurowissenschaften Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2019.04.007 SN - 1389-0417 VL - 58 SP - 35 EP - 53 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Szczepanska, Timo A1 - Priebe, Max A1 - Schröder, Tobias T1 - Teaching the Complexity of Urban Systems with Participatory Social Simulation T2 - Advances in Social Simulation N2 - We describe how we use social simulation as a core method in a new master’s program designed to teach future leaders of urban change to deal with the complexity inherent in current societal transformations. We start by depicting the challenges with regard to cross-disciplinary knowledge integration and overcoming value-based, rigid thinking styles that inevitably arise in the process of solving ecological, technological, or social problems in cities new and old. Next, we describe a course based on urban modeling and participatory approaches, designed to meet those challenges. We reflect on our first experience with this approach and discuss future developments and research needs. KW - Participatory modeling KW - Verstädterung KW - Komplexität KW - Hochschulbildung Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-030-34127-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34127-5_43 SP - 427 EP - 439 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lorenz, Jan A1 - Neumann, Martin A1 - Schröder, Tobias T1 - Individual attitude change and societal dynamics: Computational experiments with psychological theories JF - Psychological Review N2 - We present an agent-based model for studying the societal implications of attitude change theories. Various psychological theories of persuasive communication at the individual level are implemented as simulation experiments. The model allows us to investigate the effects of contagion and assimilation, motivated cognition, polarity, source credibility, and idiosyncratic attitude formation. Simulations show that different theories produce different characteristic macrolevel patterns. Contagion and assimilation are central mechanisms for generating consensus, however, contagion generates a radicalized consensus. Motivated cognition causes societal polarization or the fragmentation of attitudes. Polarity and source credibility have comparatively little effect on the societal distribution of attitudes. We discuss how the simulations provide a bridge between microlevel psychological theories and the aggregated macrolevel studied by sociology. This approach enables new types of evidence for evaluating psychological theory to complement experimental approaches, thus answering calls to enhance the role of coherent and formalized theory in psychological science. KW - Attitudes KW - Social Influence KW - Theoretical Integration KW - Computational Model KW - Einstellungsforschung KW - Einfluss Y1 - 2021 UR - https://psyarxiv.com/ebfvr/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000291 SN - 1939-1471 VL - 128 IS - 4 SP - 623 EP - 642 PB - American Psychological Association CY - Washington ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Morgan, Jonathan Howard A1 - Zhao, Jun A1 - Zöller, Nikolas A1 - Sedlacek, Andrea A1 - Chen, Lena A1 - Piper, Hayley A1 - Beck, Yliana A1 - Rogers, Kimberly B. A1 - Hoey, Jesse A1 - Schröder, Tobias T1 - Modeling the Culture of Online Collaborative Groups with Affect Control Theory T2 - Advances in Social Simulation N2 - We review Affect Control Theory (ACT) as a promising basis for equipping computational agents in social simulations with a sense of sociality. ACT is a computational theory that integrates sociological insights about the symbolic construction of the social order with psychological knowledge about cognitive-affective mechanisms. After explaining the theoretical foundations of ACT and applications of the theory at the dyadic and group level, we describe a case study applying the theory from an ongoing research project examining self-organized online collaboration in software development. KW - Culture KW - Affect KW - Gruppendynamik KW - Kollaboration Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-61503-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61503-1_14 SP - 147 EP - 160 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Luthardt, Jasmin A1 - Morgan, Jonathan Howard A1 - Bormann, Inka A1 - Schröder, Tobias T1 - Quantifying emotionally grounded discursive knowledge with cognitive-affective maps JF - Quality & Quantity - International Journal of Methodology N2 - Belief systems matter for all kinds of human social interaction. People have individual cognitions and feelings concerning processes in their environment, which is why they may evaluate them differently. Belief systems can be visualized with cognitive-affective maps (CAMs; as reported by Thagard (in: McGregor (ed) EMPATHICA: A computer support system with visual representations for cognitive-affective mapping, AAAI Press, CA, 2010)). However, it is unclear whether CAMs can be constructed in an intersubjective way by different researchers attempting to map the beliefs of a third party based on qualitative text data. To scrutinize this question, we combined qualitative strategies and quantitative methods of text and network analysis in a case study examining belief networks about participation. Our data set consists of 10 sets of two empirical CAMs: the first CAM was created based on participants’ freely associating concepts related to participation in education (N = 10), the second one was created based on given text data which the participants represented as a CAM following a standardized instruction manual (N = 10). Both CAM-types were compared along three dimensions of similarity (network similarity, concept association similarity, affective similarity). On all dimensions of similarity, there was substantially higher intersubjective agreement in the text-based CAMs than in the free CAMs, supporting the viability of cognitive affective mapping as an intersubjective research method for studying the emotional coherence of belief systems and discursive knowledge. In addition, this study highlights the potential for identifying group-level differences based on how participants associate concepts. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-021-01195-7 SN - 1573-7845 VL - 56 IS - 3 SP - 1557 EP - 1595 PB - Springer Science + Business Media B.V CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Prytula, Michael T1 - Sprache und Bedeutung als Grundlagenthemen im Coaching T2 - Handbuch Schlüsselkonzepte im Coaching N2 - Coaching lässt sich als ein Prozess der Bedeutungsschaffung durch sprachliche Interaktion verstehen. Bedeutungen sind kohärente Begriffsnetzwerke, die zum einen sozial geteilt, zum anderen im emotionalen Erleben von Personen fundiert sind. Wir stellen den aktuellen Forschungsstand in der Kognitionswissenschaft und Sozialpsychologie dar und erläutern am Beispiel eines am Markt etablierten Coaching-Modells („Contextuelles Coaching“) die Bedeutung dieser Forschung für die Coaching-Praxis. KW - Kognition KW - Sprache KW - Konnotation KW - Identität KW - Coaching Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-662-49483-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49483-7_66 SP - 543 EP - 551 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Prytula, Michael A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Mieg, Harald A. T1 - Inter- und Transdisziplinarität T2 - Forschendes Lernen - wie die Lehre in Universität und Fachhochschule erneuert werden kann N2 - Wie funktioniert Forschendes Lernen in interdisziplinären, praxisnahen Lehrkontexten? Dieses Kapitel stellt Beispiele für interdisziplinäres Forschendes Lernen und die damit verbundenen Rahmenbedingungen vor. Den Abschluss bilden drei Thesen. Wir behaupten: Inter- und Transdisziplinarität erfordert eine neue Einheit von Lehre und Forschung. KW - Interdisziplinäre Forschung KW - Transdisziplinarität KW - Hochschuldidaktik KW - Entdeckendes Lernen KW - Fachhochschule Potsdam Y1 - 2017 UR - https://content-select.com/index.php?id=bib_view&ean=9783593433974 SN - 978-3-593-50140-6 SP - 138 EP - 147 PB - Campus CY - Frankfurt am Main ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schade, Christina A1 - Dörk, Marian A1 - Glinka, Katrin A1 - Hauff, Matthias A1 - Mieg, Harald A. A1 - Prytula, Michael A1 - Rauenbusch, Jens A1 - Schröder, Tobias T1 - Urbane Komplexität verstehen - Das Institut für angewandte Forschung Urbane Zukunft T2 - Research Day 2015 Stadt der Zukunft : Tagungsband - 21.04.2015 / Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin KW - Fachhochschule KW - Lehre KW - Forschung KW - Hochschuldidaktik KW - Entdeckendes Lernen KW - Stadt KW - Strukturwandel Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-86387-595-4 SP - 212 EP - 217 PB - Mensch und Buch Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Wolf, Ingo A1 - Zöller, Nikolas T1 - Einstellungen zu Mobilitätsinnovationen in Deutschland BT - Ein Computational-Social-Science-Ansatz N2 - Abschlussbericht zum Verbundvorhaben: Modellierung von Einstellungsdynamiken in komplexen sozialen Systemen: Monitoring und Foresight von Sentiments zu Mobilitätsinnovationen (MonForSense) Förderzeitraum: 01.09.2015 bis 31.10.2017 KW - Verkehrspsychologie KW - Data Mining KW - Verkehrsmittelwahl KW - Empirische Sozialforschung KW - Innovationsbereitschaft KW - Deutschland Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2314/GBV:1017719136 N1 - Das Werk bzw. der Inhalt darf zum eigenen Gebrauch kostenfrei heruntergeladen, konsumiert, gespeichert oder ausgedruckt, aber nicht im Internet bereitgestellt oder an Außenstehende weitergegeben werden. CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Wolf, Ingo ED - Schmitt, Claudia Thea ED - Bamberg, Eva T1 - Psychologische Aspekte nachhaltiger Mobilität BT - Struktur und Dynamik von Einstellungen zu Mobilitätsinnovationen T2 - Psychologie und Nachhaltigkeit N2 - Technologische und soziale Innovationen scheinen derzeit viele Perspektiven für eine Transformation des Mobilitätssektors hin zu mehr Nachhaltigkeit zu eröffnen. Ob und wie sich das menschliche Mobilitätsverhalten den neuen Möglichkeiten anpasst, ist allerdings eine offene Frage, die psychologischer Forschung bedarf. Wir stellen in unserem Beitrag eine neue Theorie der Mobilitätseinstellungen vor, die Ansätze zur emotionalen Kohärenz menschlicher Entscheidungen aus der Kognitionswissenschaft mit soziologischen Theorien der Informationsdiffusion in sozialen Netzwerken kombiniert. Daten aus einer aktuellen, groß angelegten empirischen Studie zeigen, dass die emotionale Verankerung des Autos mit Verbrennungsmotor im individuellen Privatbesitz immer noch groß ist. Für die erfolgreiche Verbreitung innovativer und nachhaltiger Mobilitätskonzepte in der Gesellschaft wird entscheidend sein, ob neben technologischen Entwicklungen auch eine breite Transformation von Einstellungen in der Bevölkerung erreicht werden kann. KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Mobilität KW - Entscheidungsprozess Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-658-19964-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-19965-4_17 SP - 203 EP - 213 PB - Springer Gabler CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Geuder, Philipp A1 - Leidinger, Marie-Claire A1 - Lupin, Martin von A1 - Dörk, Marian A1 - Schröder, Tobias T1 - Emosaic: Visualizing Affective Content of Text at Varying Granularity T2 - arxiv.org N2 - This paper presents Emosaic, a tool for visualizing the emotional tone of text documents, considering multiple dimensions of emotion and varying levels of semantic granularity. Emosaic is grounded in psychological research on the relationship between language, affect, and color perception. We capitalize on an established three-dimensional model of human emotion: valence (good, nice vs. bad, awful), arousal (calm, passive vs. exciting, active) and dominance (weak, controlled vs. strong, in control). Previously, multi-dimensional models of emotion have been used rarely in visualizations of textual data, due to the perceptual challenges involved. Furthermore, until recently most text visualizations remained at a high level, precluding closer engagement with the deep semantic content of the text. Informed by empirical studies, we introduce a color mapping that translates any point in three-dimensional affective space into a unique color. Emosaic uses affective dictionaries of words annotated with the three emotional parameters of the valence-arousal-dominance model to extract emotional meanings from texts and then assigns to them corresponding color parameters of the hue-saturation-brightness color space. This approach of mapping emotion to color is aimed at helping readers to more easily grasp the emotional tone of the text. Several features of Emosaic allow readers to interactively explore the affective content of the text in more detail; e.g., in aggregated form as histograms, in sequential form following the order of text, and in detail embedded into the text display itself. Interaction techniques have been included to allow for filtering and navigating of text and visualizations. KW - Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation KW - Digital KW - Visualisierung KW - Text KW - Emotion KW - Farbe KW - Farbzuweisung KW - Farbübersetzung Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2002.10096 PB - Cornell University ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Hoey, Jesse A1 - Nagappan, Meiyappan A1 - Rogers, Kimberly B. A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Dametto, Diego A1 - De Zoysa, Nalin A1 - Iyer, Rahul A1 - Morgan, Jonathan H. A1 - Rishi, Deepak A1 - Sirianni, Antonio D. A1 - Yun, Seonghu A1 - Zhao, Jun A1 - Zöller, Nikolas T1 - Theoretical and Empirical Modeling of Identity and Sentiments in Collaborative Groups N2 - Theoretical and Empirical Modeling of Identity and Sentiments in Collaborative Groups (THEMIS.COG) was an interdisciplinary research collaboration of computer scientists and social scientists from the University of Waterloo (Canada), Potsdam University of Applied Sciences (Germany), and Dartmouth College (USA). This white paper summarizes the results of our research at the end of the grant term. Funded by the Trans-Atlantic Platform’s Digging Into Data initiative, the project aimed at theoretical and empirical modeling of identity and sentiments in collaborative groups. Understanding the social forces behind self-organized collaboration is important because technological and social innovations are increasingly generated through informal, distributed processes of collaboration, rather than in formal organizational hierarchies or through market forces. Our work used a data-driven approach to explore the social psychological mechanisms that motivate such collaborations and determine their success or failure. We focused on the example of GitHub, the world’s current largest digital platform for open, collaborative software development. In contrast to most, purely inductive contemporary approaches leveraging computational techniques for social science, THEMIS.COG followed a deductive, theory-driven approach. We capitalized on affect control theory, a mathematically formalized theory of symbolic interaction originated by sociologist David R. Heise and further advanced in previous work by some of the THEMIS.COG collaborators, among others. Affect control theory states that people control their social behaviours by intuitively attempting to verify culturally shared feelings about identities, social roles, and behaviour settings. From this principle, implemented in computational simulation models, precise predictions about group dynamics can be derived. It was the goal of THEMIS.COG to adapt and apply this approach to study the GitHub collaboration ecosystem through a symbolic interactionist lens. The project contributed substantially to the novel endeavor of theory development in social science based on large amounts of naturally occurring digital data. KW - Computational social science KW - GitHub KW - Gruppendynamik KW - Sozialpsychologie Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/4hukx SP - 1 EP - 36 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sirianni, Antonio D. A1 - Morgan, Jonathan H. A1 - Zöller, Nikolas A1 - Rogers, Kimberly B. A1 - Schröder, Tobias T1 - Complements and Competitors BT - The Co-functionality and Co-diffusion of Languages on a Collaborative Coding Platform N2 - The vast majority of research on the diffusion of innovations focuses on how one particular idea or technology spreads across a network of connected individuals, or a population more generally. Diffusive processes are typically considered either in isolation. We consider innovations themselves as nodes in a larger network, and look at how individual innovations can spread with or against one another in a larger community of potential adopters. Using a large publicly-available data set, custom-designed measurements, and network analysis methods, we present a temporal analysis of a set of technological innovations. Specifically, we examine how coding languages spread across users on GitHub, an online platform for collaborative coding. By looking at which languages co-appear in individual projects, we develop network based measurements of how frequently languages appear together in the same coding projects (functional cohesion), and how similar two languages are in terms of how often they co-appear with other languages in coding projects (functional equivalence). We also assess two types of diffusion, one form where users of one language become users of an additional language (complementary or 'piggybacking' diffusion), and another where users of one language abandon one language for another (competitive or 'cannibalistic' diffusion). Using MR-QAP Regression Techniques, we find strong evidence that functional cohesion positively predicts complementary diffusion. We also find some evidence that functional equivalence predicts competitive diffusion. More broadly, we find support for the idea that the networks of functional relationships between innovations is important for understanding diffusive processes. KW - Soziologie KW - Kommunikation Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/bfmy2 SP - 1 EP - 23 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoey, Jesse A1 - Schröder, Tobias T1 - Disruption of Social Orders in Societal Transitions as Affective Control of Uncertainty JF - American behavioral scientist N2 - Bayesian affect control theory is a model of affect-driven social interaction underconditions of uncertainty. In this paper, we investigate how the operationalization of uncertainty in the model can be related to the disruption of social orders—societal pressures to adapt to ongoing environmental and technological change. First, we study the theoretical tradeoffs between three kinds of uncertainty as groups navigate external problems: validity (the predictability of the environment, including of other agents), coherence (the predictability of interpersonal affective dynamics), and dependence (the predictability of affective meanings). Second, we discuss how these uncertainty tradeoffs are related to contemporary political conflict and polarization in the context of societal transitions. To illustrate the potential of our model to analyze the socio-emotional consequences of uncertainty, we present a simulation of diverging individual affective meanings of occupational identities under uncertainty in a climate change mitigation scenario based on events in Germany. Finally, we sketch a possible research agenda to substantiate the novel, but yet mostly conjectural, ideas put forward in this paper. T2 - Störung sozialer Ordnungen in gesellschaftlichen Übergängen als affektive Kontrolle von Ungewissheit Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642211066055 SN - 1552-3381 VL - 67 IS - 2 SP - 311 EP - 331 PB - Sage Publ. CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wolf, Ingo A1 - Schröder, Tobias T1 - The critical role of emotional communication for motivated reasoning JF - Scientific reports N2 - Persuasive appeals frequently prove ineffective or produce unintended outcomes, due to the presence of motivated reasoning. Using the example of electric cars adoption, this research delves into the impact of emotional content, message valence, and the coherence of pre-existing attitudes on biased information evaluation. By conducting a factorial survey (N = 480) and incorporating a computational model of attitude formation, we aim to gain a deeper insight into the cognitive-affective mechanisms driving motivated reasoning. Our experimental findings reveal that motivated reasoning is most pronounced when persuasive appeals employ a combination of emotional and rational elements within a negatively valenced argument. Furthermore, our computational model, which estimates belief and affect adjustments underlying attitude changes, elucidates how message framing influences cognitive-affective processes through emotional coherence. The results provide support for a negative correlation between shifts in coherence in response to new information and the propensity for motivated reasoning. The research contributes to computational models of opinion dynamics and social influence, offering a psychologically realistic framework for exploring the impact of individual reasoning on population-level dynamics, particularly in policy contexts, where it can enhance communication and informed policy discussions. KW - Elektrofahrzeug KW - Meinungsbildung Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-81605-6 SN - 2045-2322 IS - 14 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Springer Nature CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sirianni, Antonio D. A1 - Morgan, Jonathan H. A1 - Zöller, Nikolas A1 - Rogers, Kimberly B. A1 - Schröder, Tobias T1 - Complements and competitors BT - Examining technological co-diffusion and relatedness on a collaborative coding platform JF - PNAS nexus N2 - Diffusive and contagious processes spread in the context of one another in connected populations. Diffusions may be more likely to pass through portions of a network where compatible diffusions are already present. We examine this by incorporating the concept of “relatedness” from the economic complexity literature into a network co-diffusion model. Building on the “product space” concept used in this work, we consider technologies themselves as nodes in “product networks,” where edges define relationships between products. Specifically, coding languages on GitHub, an online platform for collaborative coding, are considered. From rates of language co-occurrence in coding projects, we calculate rates of functional cohesion and functional equivalence for each pair of languages. From rates of how individuals adopt and abandon coding languages over time, we calculate measures of complementary diffusion and substitutive diffusion for each pair of languages relative to one another. Consistent with the principle of relatedness, network regression techniques (MR-QAP) reveal strong evidence that functional cohesion positively predicts complementary diffusion. We also find limited evidence that functional equivalence predicts substitutive (competitive) diffusion. Results support the broader finding that functional dependencies between diffusive processes will dictate how said processes spread relative to one another across a population of potential adopters. KW - Computational social science KW - Innovation KW - Netzwerk Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae549 SN - 2752-6542 VL - 3 IS - 12 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dametto, Diego A1 - Vieira, Luc A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Blaison, Christophe T1 - Charlemagne’s Legacy BT - A Consensus Analysis of Affective Meanings in French and German Culture JF - Social Psychology Quarterly N2 - We investigate between- and within-country consensus about affective meanings of social identities along the evaluation, potency, and activity dimensions from the affect control theory research tradition. Ratings for 387 (194 male and 193 female) identities were collected from two samples representative of the French (N = 700) and German (N = 700) populations for age, gender, and region. Guided by two preregistered hypotheses based on previous cross-cultural research, our analysis points to considerable cultural consensus between French and Germans who seem to share a common “Carolingian” affective culture; yet some culture-specific patterns concerning the evaluation dimension and evaluation-potency interactions were found to be statistically significant. We interpret these results in terms of known cross-cultural features such as power distance and conceptions of power. KW - Karlssage KW - Semasiologie Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/01902725231205855 SN - 0190-2725 SN - 1939-8999 VL - 87 SP - 479 EP - 500 PB - Sage Publications CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wijermans, Nanda A1 - Scholz, Geeske A1 - Paolillo, Rocco A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Chappin, Emile A1 - Craig, Tony A1 - Templeton, Anne T1 - Models in Social Psychology and Agent-Based Social Simulation BT - An Interdisciplinary Conversation on Similarities and Differences JF - Review of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation N2 - Understanding how individual or group behaviour are influenced by the presence of others is something both social psychology and agent-based social simulation are concerned with. However, there is only limited overlap between these two research communities, which becomes clear when terms such as “variable”, “prediction”, or “model” come into play, and we build on their different meanings. This situation challenges us when working together, since it complicates the uptake of relevant work from each community and thus hampers the potential impact that we could have when joining forces. KW - Sozialpsychologie Y1 - 2022 UR - https://rofasss.org/2022/10/04/models-in-spabss/ SN - 2732-5903 SP - 1 EP - 5 CY - Tromsø ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schröder, Tobias ED - Senge, Konstanze ED - Schützeichel, Rainer ED - Zink, Veronika T1 - David Heise: Expressive Order BT - Confirming Sentiments in Social Action T2 - Schlüsselwerke der Emotionssoziologie N2 - In der sozialen Interaktion streben Menschen danach, Dinge zu erleben, die sie schon wissen. So fasst David seine Affektsteuerungstheorie (Affect Control Theory) gerne in einem Satz zusammen. Das Bedürfnis nach Bestätigung sozialen Wissens fasst er als Motor der Interpretation und Ausführung sozialer Handlungen auf. KW - Computersimulation KW - Handlungsregulation KW - Identität KW - Kybernetik KW - Symbolischer Interaktionismus KW - Computational Social Science KW - Affect Control Theory KW - Affektsteuerungstheorie Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-658-37869-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-37869-1_29 SP - 263 EP - 272 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ET - 2. Auflage ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Prytula, Michael T1 - Language and meaning as basic topics in coaching T2 - International Handbook of Evidence-Based Coaching N2 - Coaching can be understood as a process of creating meaning through linguistic interaction. Meanings are coherent networks of concepts, which are on the one hand socially shared and on the other hand based on the emotional experience of individuals. We present the relevant current state of research in cognitive science and social psychology and explain the significance of this research for coaching practice using the example of a coaching model established on the market (“contextual coaching”). KW - Sprache KW - Bedeutung KW - Konnotation KW - Kohärenz KW - Identität KW - Coaching Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-030-81938-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81938-5_41 SP - 509 EP - 519 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dametto, Diego A1 - Michelini, Gabriela A1 - Higi, Leonard A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Klaperski, Daniel A1 - Popiolek, Roy A1 - Tauch, Anne A1 - Michel, Antje T1 - Developing a stakeholder-centric simulation tool to support integrated mobility planning T2 - Advances in Social Simulation N2 - Simulation tools aimed at enhancing cross-sectoral cooperation can support the transition from a traditional transport planning approach based on predictions towards more integrated and participatory urban mobility planning. This shift entails a broader appraisal of urban dynamics and transformations in the policy framework, capitalizing on new developments in urban modelling. In this paper, we argue that participatory social simulation can be used to solve these emerging challenges in mobility planning. We identify the functionalities that such a tool should have when supporting integrated mobility planning. Drawing on a transdisciplinary case study situated in Potsdam, Germany, we address through interviews and workshops stakeholders’ needs and expectations and present the requirements of an actionable tool for practitioners. As a result, we present three main challenges for participatory, simulation-based transport planning, including: (1) enhancement of the visioning process by testing stakeholders’ ideas under different scenarios and conditions to visualise complex urban relationships; (2) promotion of collective exchange as means to support stakeholder communication; and (3) credibility increase by early stakeholder engagement with model development. We discuss how our participatory modelling approach helps us to better understand the gaps in the knowledge of the planning process and present the coming steps of the project. KW - Mobilität 4.0 KW - Computersimulation KW - Transportplanung Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-030-92843-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92843-8_6 SN - 2213-8692 SP - 65 EP - 78 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schauenburg, Gesche A1 - Ambrasat, Jens A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - von Scheve, Christian A1 - Conrad, Markus T1 - Emotional connotations of words related to authority and community JF - Behavior Research Methods N2 - We present a database of 858 German words from the semantic fields of authority and community, which represent core dimensions of human sociality. The words were selected on the basis of co-occurrence profiles of representative keywords for these semantic fields. All words were rated along five dimensions, each measured by a bipolar semantic-differential scale: Besides the classic dimensions of affective meaning (valence, arousal, and potency), we collected ratings of authority and community with newly developed scales. The results from cluster, correlational, and multiple regression analyses on the rating data suggest a robust negativity bias for authority valuation among German raters recruited via university mailing lists, whereas community ratings appear to be rather unrelated to the well-established affective dimensions. Furthermore, our data involve a strong overall negative correlation—rather than the classical U-shaped distribution—between valence and arousal for socially relevant concepts. Our database provides a valuable resource for research questions at the intersection of cognitive neuroscience and social psychology. It can be downloaded as supplemental materials with this article. KW - Emotion KW - Konnotation KW - Gemeinschaft KW - Bewertung KW - Gefühl Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-014-0494-7 SN - 1554-3528 VL - 47 IS - 3 SP - 720 EP - 735 PB - Springer CY - New York, NY ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ambrasat, Jens A1 - von Scheve, Christian A1 - Conrad, Markus A1 - Schauenburg, Gesche A1 - Schröder, Tobias T1 - Consensus and stratification in the affective meaning of human sociality JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America N2 - We investigate intrasocietal consensus and variation in affective meanings of concepts related to authority and community, two elementary forms of human sociality. Survey participants (n = 2,849) from different socioeconomic status (SES) groups in German society provided ratings of 909 social concepts along three basic dimensions of affective meaning. Results show widespread consensus on these meanings within society and demonstrate that a meaningful structure of socially shared knowledge emerges from organizing concepts according to their affective similarity. The consensus finding is further qualified by evidence for subtle systematic variation along SES differences. In relation to affectively neutral words, high-status individuals evaluate intimacy-related and socially desirable concepts as less positive and powerful than middle- or low-status individuals, while perceiving antisocial concepts as relatively more threatening. This systematic variation across SES groups suggests that the affective meaning of sociality is to some degree a function of social stratification. KW - Sozialverhalten KW - Interaktion KW - Cluster-Analyse KW - Emotion KW - Meinung Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1313321111 SN - 0027-8424 VL - 111 IS - 22 SP - 8001 EP - 8006 PB - NAS CY - Washington, DC ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rogers, Kimberly B. A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - von Scheve, Christian T1 - Dissecting the Sociality of Emotion BT - A Multilevel Approach JF - Emotion review : an international and interdisciplinary journal N2 - In recent years, scholars have come to understand emotions as dynamic and socially constructed—the product of interdependent cultural, relational, situational, and biological influences. While researchers have called for a multilevel theory of emotion construction, any progress toward such a theory must overcome the fragmentation of relevant research across various disciplines and theoretical frameworks. We present affect control theory as a launching point for cross-disciplinary collaboration because of its empirically grounded conceptualization of social mechanisms operating at the interaction, relationship, and cultural levels, and its specification of processes linking social and individual aspects of emotion. After introducing the theory, we illustrate its correspondence with major theories of emotion construction framed at each of four analytical levels: cultural, interactional, individual, and neural. KW - Gefühl KW - Affekt KW - Kontrolle KW - Sozialität Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073913503383 SN - 1754-0739 VL - 6 IS - 2 SP - 124 EP - 133 PB - Sage CY - Los Angeles ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rogers, Kimberly B. A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - von Scheve, Christian T1 - Author Reply BT - Affect control theory and the sociality of emotion JF - Emotion Review N2 - We are pleased that all the commentators seem to agree that a theory-driven integration across disciplines is a worthwhile endeavor to better understand the social constitution of emotion. In our reply, we first take up the idea of relating affect control theory (ACT) to cultural priming and suggest links to an ACT-inspired constraint satisfaction explanation of priming. Second, we address reservations concerning ACT’s capability to account for emotions with nonconceptual content and to explain stability and change in affective meanings. Third, we clarify the relation of affect control theory to psychological constructionism, in particular with regard to conceptualizations of culture and society. Finally, we suggest that computational models are an adequate tool to address multilevel issues in the study of emotion. KW - Affekt KW - Kontrolle KW - Sozialität KW - Gefühl Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073913512007 SN - 1754-0747 VL - 6 IS - 2 SP - 140 EP - 141 PB - Sage CY - Thousand Oaks, Calif. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schauenburg, Gesche A1 - Conrad, Markus A1 - von Scheve, Christian A1 - Barber, Horacio A. A1 - Ambrasat, Jens A1 - Aryani, Arash A1 - Schröder, Tobias T1 - Making sense of social interaction : emotional coherence drives semantic integration as assessed by event-related potentials JF - Neuropsychologia N2 - We compared event-related potentials during sentence reading, using impression formation equations of a model of affective coherence, to investigate the role of affective content processing during meaning making. The model of Affect Control Theory (ACT; Heise, 1979, 2007) predicts and quantifies the degree to which social interactions deflect from prevailing social norms and values - based on the affective meanings of involved concepts. We tested whether this model can predict the amplitude of brain waves traditionally associated with semantic processing. To this end, we visually presented sentences describing basic subject-verb-object social interactions and measured event-related potentials for final words of sentences from three different conditions of affective deflection (low, medium, high) as computed by a variant of the ACT model (Schröder, 2011). Sentence stimuli were closely controlled across conditions for alternate semantic dimensions such as contextual constraints, cloze probabilities, co-occurrences of subject-object and verb-object relations. Personality characteristics (schizotypy, Big Five) were assessed to account for individual differences, assumed to influence emotion-language interactions in information processing. Affective deflection provoked increased negativity of ERP waves during the P2/N2 and N400 components. Our data suggest that affective incoherence is perceived as conflicting information interfering with early semantic processing and that increased respective processing demands – in particular in the case of medium violations of social norms - linger on until the N400 time window classically associated with the integration of concepts into embedding context. We conclude from these results that affective meanings influence basic stages of meaning making. KW - Affect Control Theory KW - Interaktion KW - Affektive Entwicklung Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.01.002 SN - 1873-3514 VL - 125 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Amsterdam CY - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ambrasat, Jens A1 - von Scheve, Christian A1 - Schauenburg, Gesche A1 - Conrad, Markus A1 - Schröder, Tobias T1 - Unpacking the Habitus BT - Meaning Making Across Lifestyles JF - Sociological Forum N2 - The concept of habitus refers to socially stratified patterns of perception, classification, and thinking that are supposed to bring about specific lifestyles. Until now, research on the links between stratification and lifestyles has accounted for the habitus mainly in conceptual and theoretical terms, and studies directly measuring habitus and its association with stratification and lifestyles are rare. The present study conceptualizes the habitus as an individual-level pattern of meaning making and suggests an operationalization that is commonly used in identity research. Using survey data of 3,438 respondents, the study investigates associations between different lifestyles and patterns of meaning making. Results show, first, that self-related meanings vary systematically across lifestyle categories and mirror respondents' stratification position. Second, the meanings of various social concepts also vary significantly across lifestyle categories and partly reflect descriptive lifestyle characteristics. In sum, the study presents a plausible operationalization of (parts of) the habitus and advances our understanding of its mediating position between stratification and lifestyles. KW - Habitus KW - Studie KW - Lebensstil KW - Soziale Schichtung Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/socf.12293 SN - 1573-7861 VL - 31 IS - 4 SP - 994 EP - 1017 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Combs, Aidan A1 - Dametto, Diego A1 - Blaison, Christophe A1 - Leung, Renee A1 - Malhotra, Aarti A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Hoey, Jesse A1 - Smith-Lovin, Lynn T1 - Affective connotations according to LLMs BT - Implications for meaning measurement and cultural bias JF - Cognition and Emotion N2 - The affective connotations of words are central to meaning and important predictors of many social processes. As such, understanding the degree to which commercially-available generative language models (LLMs) replicate human judgements of affective connotations may help better understand human-model interactions. LLMs may also serve as useful tools for researchers seeking affective meaning estimates. We test the ability of three LLMs – GPT-4o, Mistral Large, and Llama 3.1 – to estimate human affective connotation ratings of words representing social identities, behaviours, modifiers, and settings in three language cultures: English (US), French (France), and German (Germany). We find that LLM ratings of terms correlate strongly with human ratings. However, their ratings tend to be overly extreme and patterns of correlations between meaning dimensions only loosely approximate those of human ratings. Consistent with previous findings of English-language and American biases in LLMs, we find that LLMs tend to perform better on English terms, though this pattern varies somewhat by meaning dimension and the type of term in question. We explore how LLMs might contribute to scholarship on affective connotations – by acting as tools for measurement – and how scholarship on affective connotations might contribute to generative language models – by guiding exploration of model biases. KW - Affektivität KW - Bias KW - Großes Sprachmodell KW - Konnotation Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2025.2568551 SN - 0269-9931 SN - 1464-0600 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Szczepanska, Timo A1 - Priebe, Max A1 - Higi, Leonard A1 - Schröder, Tobias T1 - PaSyMo: Gamifying Communicative Urban Planning With Participatory Systems Modeling JF - Urban Planning N2 - Urban planning increasingly requires navigating complex socio‐spatial dynamics and uncertainties, particularly when addressing social challenges where stakeholders hold diverse perspectives and knowledge. This article introduces PaSyMo (Participatory Systems Modeling), a gamified communication support system designed to assist urban planners in communicative and deliberative planning. PaSyMo integrates three conceptual pillars that guided its design: stakeholder engagement, participatory agent‐based modeling (ABM), and visualization on tangible interfaces. The system combines a simulation environment grounded in geodata and ABM with discursive elements from scenario workshops and role‐playing games, bridging digital and non‐digital formats. PaSyMo contributes to the growing field of GAM research (Games and Agent‐based Modeling; Szczepanska et al., 2022) by providing a framework that explores the integration of gaming mechanics with urban simulation tools, highlighting their potential to support sustainable urban planning. The approach draws from participatory modeling (Sterling et al., 2019; Voinov & Bousquet, 2010) while leveraging state‐of‐the‐art geospatial simulation and interactive interfaces to facilitate communication and co‐production of knowledge among diverse stakeholders. Exploratory findings suggest that combining gaming experience with geospatial data visualization and ABM offers a promising approach to communicate the potential implications and trade‐offs of urban planning initiatives. This integration enhances stakeholder engagement, promotes shared understanding, and supports consensus building. By making urban planning processes more interactive, PaSyMo can extend the impact of planning research beyond academic settings. Preliminary insights indicate that PaSyMo can enhance stakeholder understanding, knowledge integration, consensus‐building, and proactive planning, especially in contexts of decision‐making in complex and uncertain situations; however, these findings need to be substantiated in future studies. KW - Modellierung KW - Simulation KW - Spiel KW - Stadtgestaltung KW - Stadtplanung Y1 - 2026 U6 - https://doi.org/10.17645/up.10778 SN - 2183-7635 VL - 11 PB - Cogitatio Press CY - Lisbon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Higi, Leonard A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Weidner, Silke A1 - Neuroth, Heike T1 - Taking stock of urban data governance in German small towns JF - Data & Policy N2 - As data are becoming increasingly important resources for municipal administrations in the context of urban development, formalization of urban data governance (DG) is considered a prerequisite to systematic municipal data practice for the common good. Unlike for larger cities, it is unclear how common such formalized DG is in rural districts and small towns. We therefore mapped the current status quo in small municipalities in Germany as a case exemplifying the broader phenomenon. We systematically searched online for policy documents on DG in all metropolitan regions, all rural districts, and a quota sample of nearly a sixth of all German small towns. We then performed content analysis of the identified documents along predefined categories of urban development. Results show that hardly any small towns dispose of relevant policy documents. Rural districts are somewhat more active in formally defining DG. Identified policy documents tend to address mostly economic activities, social infrastructure, and demography, whereas Housing and Urban design and public space are among the least mentioned categories of urban development. KW - Deutschland KW - Gemeindeverwaltung KW - Kleinstadt KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Stadtplanung Y1 - 2026 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/dap.2025.10051 SN - 2632-3249 VL - 8 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Higi, Leonard A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Konnerth, Johanna T1 - Datennutzung für nachhaltige Kommunalentwicklung T2 - Analysen und Konzepte : lebensWerte Kommune N2 - Daten können Kommunen wesentlich bei der nachhaltigen Kommunalentwicklung unterstützen – ob als Planungsgrundlagen, in Entscheidungsprozessen oder im Rahmen von Beteiligungsformaten. Auch wenn es bereits ein breites Angebot an offenen Daten und an Werkzeugen zur Datenauswertung gibt, sehen sich gerade kleinere Kommunen erheblichen Herausforderungen unter anderem bei Zugang zu und Nutzung von Daten gegenüber. Diese Ausgabe gibt einen einordnenden Überblick über Herausforderungen und stellt vor dem Hintergrund einer kommunalen Daten-Governance mit den Plattformen der Bertelsmann Stiftung sowie dem Projekt MOSIDI dreier brandenburgischer Hochschulen Anwendungen vor, die Kommunen einen einfachen Einstieg in die Datennutzung ermöglichen sollen. Der Einblick in Fallbeispiele zeigt mögliche Einsatzfelder in der Praxis auf und soll dazu anregen, in der eigenen Kommune ins Tun zu kommen und das Potenzial von Daten für eine nachhaltige Kommunalentwicklung zu entdecken. KW - Brandenburg KW - Gemeindeentwicklung KW - Open Data Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.11586/2025014 SN - 2748-7644 SN - 2512-9473 VL - 2024 IS - 2 PB - Bertelsmann Stiftung CY - Gütersloh ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schauenburg, Gesche A1 - Aryani, Arash A1 - Hsu, Chun-Ting A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Conrad, Markus A1 - von Scheve, Christian A1 - Jacobs, Arthur M. T1 - Conflict Detection in Language Processing: Using Affect Control Theory to Predict Neural Correlates of Affective Incongruency in Social Interactions JF - KZfSS Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie N2 - Affect control theory (ACT) is a sociological theory of meaning processing in social interactions. Meaning, according to ACT, derives from cultural institutions and situational affordances, having denotative (declarative) as well as connotative (affective) properties. Mathematical formalizations of ACT allow predictions of affective incongruency (in the terminology of ACT, deflection), which arises from conflicting institutional and situational meanings in a given interaction context. Although ACT is theoretically consistent, its propositions regarding cognitive and affective processing have rarely been tested. The present study fills this gap by investigating the neural processing of affective incongruency in linguistic descriptions of social interactions. Following a neurosociological paradigm, the study draws on neurocognitive evidence on the effects of words’ affective content on word processing as well as on a previous electroencephalography study that investigated processing of affective incongruency using event-related brain potentials. We hypothesized that affective incongruency is associated with activation in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a brain area known for conflict processing. To test this hypothesis, we replicated the electroencephalography study using functional magnetic resonance imaging: We visually presented sentences describing social interactions to 23 participants in a silent reading task while measuring differences in the hemodynamic response in two conditions of affective congruency. Results show expected increases in neural activity for affectively incongruent sentences in the left ACC, supporting the assumption that affective language content influences meaning-making at very early semantic processing stages. The results also add to the emerging neuroscientific evidence for ACT’s mathematical model of impression formation. N2 - Die Theorie der Affektsteuerung (Affect Control Theory) ist eine soziologische Theorie zur Verarbeitung von Bedeutung in der sozialen Interaktion. Bedeutung speist sich darin sowohl aus institutionalisierten als auch aus situativen Gegebenheiten und umfasst denotative (deklarative) wie konnotative (affektive) Dimensionen. Die mathematische Formalisierung der Theorie erlaubt Vorhersagen der affektiven Kongruenz oder Stimmigkeit („affective deflection“) einer Interaktionssituation, die sich aus dem Zusammenspiel institutionalisierter und situativer Bedeutungen ergibt. Obgleich theoretisch konsistent, sind die Thesen der Theorie zum Zusammenspiel kognitiver und affektiver Bestandteile von Bedeutung nur selten empirisch überprüft worden. Die vorliegende Studie schließt diese Lücke, indem sie die neuronale Verarbeitung affektiver Inkongruenz in der sprachlichen Darstellung sozialer Interaktionen untersucht. Einem neurosoziologischen Paradigma folgend, stützt sich die Studie auf neurokognitive Befunde zur Rolle der affektiven Konnotation von Wörtern in der visuellen Wortverarbeitung sowie eigene Befunde zur neurophysiologischen Verarbeitung affektiver Inkongruenz mittels ereigniskorrelierter Hirnpotenziale. Wir testen die Hypothese, dass die affektive Inkongruenz sozialer Interaktion mit der Aktivierung des anterioren cingulären Cortex (ACC) korreliert, einem Hirnareal, das an der Verarbeitung konfligierender Informationen beteiligt ist. Dazu replizieren wir ein bestehendes Experimentaldesign unter Nutzung funktioneller Magnetresonanztomographie (fMRT): Im Rahmen einer Leseaufgabe präsentieren wir 23 Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmern visuell Sätze, die soziale Interaktionen beschreiben, und messen Unterschiede in der hämodynamischen Reaktion unter zwei Bedingungen affektiver Inkongruenz. Die Ergebnisse zeigen die erwartete Zunahme der neuronalen Aktivität im linken ACC in der Bedingung hoher affektiver Inkongruenz. Dies stützt die Annahme, dass die affektive Konnotation von Begriffen die Genese von Bedeutung in sozialen Interaktionen bereits in frühen semantischen Verarbeitungsstufen bedingt. Die Befunde können zudem als neurowissenschaftliche Evidenz für die mathematische Formalisierung der Theorie der Affektsteuerung gelten. T2 - Konflikterkennung in der Sprachverarbeitung: ein Test der Theorie der Affektsteuerung zur Prognose neuronaler Korrelate affektiver Inkongruenz in der sozialen Interaktion KW - Funktionelle Kernspintomografie KW - Sprachverarbeitung KW - Symbolischer Interaktionismus Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11577-024-00961-3 SN - 0023-2653 VL - 76 IS - 3 SP - 603 EP - 625 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Rauenbusch, Jens A1 - Ortgiese, Michael A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Mrosek von Glischinski, Matthäus A1 - Goehde, Jan A1 - Hologa, Salome A1 - Scheil, Maximilian A1 - Veicht, Jan-Simon A1 - Wiemer, Philip T1 - Mobilität von morgen BT - Ein Zukunftsbild für Berlin und Brandenburg N2 - Die Studie wurde von Studierenden des Kurses »Die Zukunft der Mobilität« am Institut für angewandte Forschung Urbane Zukunft der Fachhochschule Potsdam entwickelt und durchgeführt. Über einen Fragebogen wurden realistische Mobilitätsszenarien auf Basis von Expert_innenmeinungen erfasst und ausgewertet. Im Gegensatz zu ähnlich gelagerten Studien erfolgte eine Beschränkung auf Berlin und Brandenburg. Lokale Probleme, Entwicklungen und Lösungsmöglichkeiten standen somit im Zentrum der Untersuchung. Über die Auswahl der Teilnehmer_innen konnten praxisnahe und inhaltlich konkrete Antworten auf wichtige Zukunftsfragen unserer Region gewonnen werden. KW - Delphi-Technik KW - Regionale Mobilität KW - Volkswirtschaft KW - Verkehrsinfrastruktur KW - Befragung KW - Verstädterung KW - Ländlicher Raum KW - Stadt KW - Demographie KW - Wohnumfeld KW - Urbane Zukunft Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:525-10363 SN - 978-3-934329-72-0 PB - FHP Verl. CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cunitz, Carla A1 - Ortmanns, Meike A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Hantzsche, Michael A1 - Schiewe, André A1 - Nachtwei, Jens T1 - Wenn KI mitarbeitet JF - Innovative Verwaltung : Das Fachmedium für erfolgreiches Verwaltungsmanagement N2 - In einem Forschungsprojekt in Berlin und Potsdam wurde untersucht, wie Mitarbeitende Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) in ihrer täglichen Arbeit wahrnehmen und welche Erwartungen sie an smarte Tools haben. Die Studie zeigt, dass 58 Prozent der Beschäftigten KI positiv sehen und sich vor allem Entlastung bei Routineaufgaben erhoffen. Besonders beliebt sind KI-Tools wie ChatGPT, Microsoft Copilot und Perplexity, die bei Texterstellung, Recherche und Datenanalyse unterstützen. Die Ergebnisse der Studie fließen in ein Kooperationsprojekt zur Gestaltung zukunftsfähiger Arbeitswelten ein. In Workshops wurden konkrete KI-Nutzungsszenarien für die Verwaltungspraxis erarbeitet, darunter die Durchsuchbarkeit von Dienstvorschriften, KI-basierte Texterstellung und ein intelligenter Bürgerservice-Chatbot. Die Einführung von KI erfordert Transparenz, Weiterbildung, konkrete Anwendungsfelder und Partizipation der Mitarbeitenden. Durch positive Erfahrungen mit KI-Anwendungen kann die Akzeptanz für komplexere Technologien gesteigert werden. Die Studie bietet eine Blaupause für andere Kommunen und zeigt, wie KI gezielt und mitarbeitendenorientiert eingesetzt werden kann, um greifbaren Mehrwert für die Verwaltungsarbeit zu schaffen. KW - Arbeit KW - Generative KI KW - Künstliche Intelligenz Y1 - 2026 UR - https://www.springerprofessional.de/wenn-ki-mitarbeitet/52027876?searchResult=1.wenn%20ki%20mitarbeitet SN - 1618-9876 VL - 2026 IS - 1-2 SP - 34 EP - 37 PB - Springer Gabler CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - INPR A1 - Dametto, Diego A1 - Vieira, Luc A1 - Noël, Tania A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Aelenei, Crisitina A1 - Blaison, Christophe T1 - The affective and linguistic roots of gender stereotypes BT - Does grammatical gender influence the affective meanings attached to social categories in French and German? N2 - This paper compares the affective meanings attributed to feminine and masculine versions of the same social categories. We collected semantic differential ratings for 192 pairs of masculine and feminine social categories from two representative samples of n = 700 French and n = 700 German participants. We investigated how lexical and grammatical gender influences the affective meaning of social categories on Osgood’s dimensions of evaluation, potency, and activity, as well as how differences in affective meaning are related to known gender stereotypes. Our results suggest that gender does produce only small effects. However, they are not randomly distributed and consistent with well-known gender stereotypes. The results enrich social psychological research on gender as well as the cultural debate on the use of gender-fair language in grammatically gendered languages by providing a more nuanced assessment of the affective roots of gender stereotypes conveyed by language. KW - Deutsch KW - Französisch KW - Geschlechtergerechte Sprache KW - Geschlechterstereotyp KW - Maskulinum Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/h945z ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Obermeier, Sigrid A1 - Schröder, Tobias A1 - Röchert, Tanja A1 - Burdack, Doreen T1 - Das Qualifizierungsprogramm kommunale Smart-City-Manager JF - Transforming cities : urbane Systeme im Wandel : das technisch-wissenschaftliche Fachmagazin N2 - Smart-City-Manager übernehmen in Kommunen eine Querschnittsrolle als Generalisten, Innovationstreiber und Brückenbauer, eine entsprechende Ausbildung für kommunale Angestellte fehlte zu Projektbeginn. Der Beitrag beschreibt die Entwicklung eines Programmes in einer Kooperation aus Verwaltung, Wirtschaft und Wissenschaft. Entwickelt auf Basis einer Bedarfsanalyse, als Pilotprojekt in drei Staffeln durchgeführt und in einem agilen Prozess wissenschaftlich begleitet und evaluiert, konnte das Schulungskonzept im Anschluss in ein bundesweites Angebot überführt werden. KW - Führungskraft KW - Gemeindeverwaltung KW - Qualifizierungsprozess KW - Smart City Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.24053/TC-2025-0074 SN - 2366-7281 SN - 2366-3723 VL - 10 IS - 4 SP - 38 EP - 43 PB - Trialog Publishers CY - München ER -