TY - JOUR A1 - Nivala, Jaime A1 - van Afferden, Manfred A1 - Hasselbach, Ralf A1 - Langergraber, Guenter A1 - Molle, Pascal A1 - Rustige, Heribert A1 - Nowak, Jens T1 - The new German standard on constructed wetland systems for treatment of domestic and municipal wastewater JF - Water Science and Technology N2 - The German Association for Water, Wastewater and Waste e.V. (DWA) has published a new standard for the dimensioning, construction, and operation of constructed wetlands for treatment of domestic and municipal wastewater. The changes to the standard are based on a wide range of experience gained in recent years in Germany and Europe. For the first time ever, the standard has been officially translated and published in English. This paper summarizes the new standard for secondary treatment of domestic wastewater with classical one-stage unsaturated vertical flow (VF) wetlands, VF wetlands with lava sand for treatment of wastewater from combined sewer systems, and actively aerated VF and horizontal flow (HF) flow wetlands. Two-stage unsaturated VF wetlands treating raw wastewater (French VF wetlands), are also included in the new standard. HF wetlands are no longer described in the standard for secondary treatment of domestic wastewater. This does not exclude their application. Existing HF wetland systems in Germany may continue to be operated so long as effluent parameters are met and proper operations and maintenance is ensured. This paper gives an overview of the new design standard, including key information on wastewater type and loading, as well as primary attributes of each wetland design. KW - Feuchtgebiet KW - Abwasserreinigung KW - Deutschland KW - Frankreich Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.530 SN - 0273-1223 VL - 78 IS - 11 SP - 2414 EP - 2426 PB - IWA Publishing CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anand, Shivraj A1 - Gupta, Deepak A1 - Siwach, Chhavi A1 - Nowak, Jens A1 - Rustige, Heribert A1 - Mishra, Virendra Kumar T1 - French Type Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland as a Sustainable Solution for Domestic Sewage Treatment JF - Environmental Management N2 - In order to mitigate the risk posed by discharge of untreated wastewater and enhance the quality of wastewater prior to its release or reuse, it is important to adopt nature based treatment technologies. The current study was performed with objective to treat the primary treated sewage collected from a traditional Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) based Sewage treatment plant (STP) by using a two-stage French Type Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland (FVFCW). This pilot-scale study was undertaken in Banaras Hindu University Campus Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. The wetland unit was a two-stage Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland system (VFCW) filled with two different filter media gravel & sand and planted with two different macrophytes Canna indica and Typha latifolia which was operated for Sustainable treatment of primary sewage. The VFCW was operated at three different Hydraulic loading rate (HLR) i.e. 1800, 2700, 3600 L/day for nine months. The VFCW performed for the treatment of different physicochemical parameters at given loading rates. The maximum removal efficiency of 72.37, 76.47, 100, 87.23, 41.41, 40.77 27.07% was recorded for COD, BOD, Turbidity, TSS, TDS, Phosphate and Ammonia respectively. Most of the Parameters showed maximum removal efficiency at HLR 2700 L/day. The study suggested that Experimental VFCW can be a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment in remote and rural areas of India as well small colonies due to its eco-friendly, cost-effective, low maintenance cost and lack of operational expertise. KW - Feuchtgebiet KW - Filtermittel KW - Häusliches Abwasser KW - Kläranlage Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-025-02186-2 SN - 0364-152X SN - 1432-1009 VL - 75 IS - 8 SP - 2078 EP - 2088 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER -