@article{PrytulaSchroederDoerketal., author = {Prytula, Michael and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias and D{\"o}rk, Marian and Ortgiese, Michael and Michel, Antje and Neuroth, Heike and Lehmann, Janina}, title = {Transformation lernen}, series = {Transforming Cities}, journal = {Transforming Cities}, number = {3}, publisher = {Trialog publishers}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, issn = {2366-7281}, pages = {76 -- 79}, subject = {Stadtgestaltung}, language = {de} } @article{SchroederHoeyRogers, author = {Schr{\"o}der, Tobias and Hoey, Jesse and Rogers, Kimberly B.}, title = {Modeling dynamic identities and uncertainty in social interaction}, series = {American Sociological Review}, volume = {81}, journal = {American Sociological Review}, number = {4}, publisher = {Sage}, address = {Thousand Oaks}, issn = {0003-1224}, doi = {10.1177/0003122416650963}, pages = {828 -- 855}, abstract = {Drawing on Bayesian probability theory, we propose a generalization of affect control theory (BayesACT) that better accounts for the dynamic fluctuation of identity meanings for self and other during interactions, elucidates how people infer and adjust meanings through social experience, and shows how stable patterns of interaction can emerge from individuals' uncertain perceptions of identities. Using simulations, we illustrate how this generalization offers a resolution to several issues of theoretical significance within sociology and social psychology by balancing cultural consensus with individual deviations from shared meanings, balancing meaning verification with the learning processes reflective of change, and accounting for noise in communicating identity. We also show how the model speaks to debates about core features of the self, which can be understood as stable and yet malleable, coherent and yet composed of multiple identities that may carry competing meanings. We discuss applications of the model in different areas of sociology, implications for understanding identity and social interaction, as well as the theoretical grounding of computational models of social behavior.}, subject = {Sozialwesen}, language = {en} } @incollection{SchroederPrytula, author = {Schr{\"o}der, Tobias and Prytula, Michael}, title = {Sprache und Bedeutung als Grundlagenthemen im Coaching}, series = {Handbuch Schl{\"u}sselkonzepte im Coaching}, booktitle = {Handbuch Schl{\"u}sselkonzepte im Coaching}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-662-45119-9}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-45119-9_66-1}, pages = {1 -- 9}, abstract = {Coaching l{\"a}sst sich als ein Prozess der Bedeutungsschaffung durch sprachliche Interaktion verstehen. Bedeutungen sind koh{\"a}rente Begriffsnetzwerke, die zum einen sozial geteilt, zum anderen im emotionalen Erleben von Personen fundiert sind. Wir stellen den aktuellen Forschungsstand in der Kognitionswissenschaft und Sozialpsychologie dar und erl{\"a}utern am Beispiel eines am Markt etablierten Coaching-Modells („Contextuelles Coaching") die Bedeutung dieser Forschung f{\"u}r die Coaching-Praxis.}, subject = {Sprache}, language = {de} } @incollection{JungMorganHoeyetal., author = {Jung, Joshua and Morgan, Jonathan and Hoey, Jesse and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias and Wolf, Ingo}, title = {Grounding social interaction with affective intelligence}, series = {Advances in Artificial Intelligence : 29th Canadian Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Canadian AI 2016, Victoria, BC, Canada, May 31 - June 3, 2016. Proceedings}, booktitle = {Advances in Artificial Intelligence : 29th Canadian Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Canadian AI 2016, Victoria, BC, Canada, May 31 - June 3, 2016. Proceedings}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-319-34111-8}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-34111-8_7}, pages = {52 -- 57}, subject = {K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz}, language = {en} } @incollection{vonLupinGeuderLeidingeretal., author = {von Lupin, Martin and Geuder, Philipp and Leidinger, Marie-Claire and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias and D{\"o}rk, Marian}, title = {Emosaic - Visualisierung von Emotionen in Texten durch Farbumwandlung zur Analyse und Exploration}, series = {DHd 2016 : Modellierung - Vernetzung - Visualisierung : die Digital Humanities als f{\"a}cher{\"u}bergreifendes Forschungsparadigma : Konferenzabstracts : Universit{\"a}t Leipzig, 7. bis 12. M{\"a}rz 2016}, booktitle = {DHd 2016 : Modellierung - Vernetzung - Visualisierung : die Digital Humanities als f{\"a}cher{\"u}bergreifendes Forschungsparadigma : Konferenzabstracts : Universit{\"a}t Leipzig, 7. bis 12. M{\"a}rz 2016}, publisher = {nisaba verlag}, address = {Duisburg}, isbn = {978-3-941379-05-3}, pages = {263 -- 266}, abstract = {Das computergest{\"u}tzte Extrahieren und Visualisieren von Emotionen in Texten ist eine etablierte Technik des "Distant Reading". Die generelle Stimmung eines Textes kann schnell erfasst werden ohne den gesamten Text lesen zu m{\"u}ssen. Da Emotionen sehr komplex und die Eigenschaften zwischen verschiedenen Emotionen fließend sind, ist die visuelle Charakterisierung von Emotionen schwierig. Wir stellen Emosaic vor, ein Online-Tool welches Emotionen aus benutzerdefinierten Texten filtert und durch systematische und nachvollziehbare Farbumwandlung zur Exploration und Analyse innerhalb einer interaktiven Visualisierung bereitstellt. Die durch drei Dimensionen beschreibbaren Emotionen werden dabei in klar definierte Farbparameter {\"u}bersetzt. Ein von uns entwickelter {\"o}ffentlich zug{\"a}nglicher Web- Prototyp ( vgl. Geuder et al. 2014-) zeigt anhand interaktiver Visualisierungen erste Analyse- und Explorationsm{\"o}glichkeiten dieser Methode.}, subject = {Geisteswissenschaften}, language = {de} } @article{SchroederStewartThagard, author = {Schr{\"o}der, Tobias and Stewart, Terrence C. and Thagard, Paul}, title = {Intention, Emotion, and Action}, series = {Cognitive Science}, volume = {38}, journal = {Cognitive Science}, number = {5}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Malden, Mass.}, issn = {1551-6709}, doi = {10.1111/cogs.12100}, pages = {851 -- 880}, abstract = {We propose a unified theory of intentions as neural processes that integrate representations of states of affairs, actions, and emotional evaluation. We show how this theory provides answers to philosophical questions about the concept of intention, psychological questions about human behavior, computational questions about the relations between belief and action, and neuroscientific questions about how the brain produces actions. Our theory of intention ties together biologically plausible mechanisms for belief, planning, and motor control. The computational feasibility of these mechanisms is shown by a model that simulates psychologically important cases of intention.}, subject = {Sozialit{\"a}t}, language = {en} } @article{SchroederThagard, author = {Schr{\"o}der, Tobias and Thagard, Paul}, title = {Priming}, series = {Social Cognition. Suppl.: Understanding Priming Effects in Social Psychology}, volume = {32}, journal = {Social Cognition. Suppl.: Understanding Priming Effects in Social Psychology}, number = {Suppl.}, publisher = {Guilford}, address = {New York, NY}, issn = {0278-016X}, doi = {10.1521/soco.2014.32.supp.152}, pages = {152 -- 167}, abstract = {Priming influences holistic representations of social situations and subsequent actions through interactive competition among relevant concepts such as the prime, the self, a partner, or other features of the environment. The constraints among these representations stem from culturally shared affective meanings of concepts acquired in socialization. Our theory is implemented in a localist connectionist model, which in simulations reproduced major experimental results on priming. The neural plausibility of our proposal comes from semantic pointers, a neural mechanism that integrates symbolic concepts with underlying emotional and sensorimotor processes. The compositional nature of semantic pointers also explains the interaction of priming with more deliberate and intentional forms of social cognition.}, subject = {Psychologie}, language = {en} } @article{HomerDixonMilkoreitMocketal., author = {Homer-Dixon, Thomas and Milkoreit, Manjana and Mock, Steven M. and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias and Thagard, Paul}, title = {The conceptual structure of social disputes}, series = {SAGE Open}, volume = {4}, journal = {SAGE Open}, number = {1}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {Thousand Oaks, Calif.}, issn = {2158-2440}, doi = {10.1177/2158244014526210}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:525-15802}, pages = {1 -- 20}, abstract = {We describe and illustrate a new method of graphically diagramming disputants' points of view called cognitive-affective mapping. The products of this method—cognitive-affective maps (CAMs)—represent an individual's concepts and beliefs about a particular subject, such as another individual or group or an issue in dispute. Each of these concepts and beliefs has its own emotional value. The result is a detailed image of a disputant's complex belief system that can assist in-depth analysis of the ideational sources of the dispute and thereby aid its resolution. We illustrate the method with representations of the beliefs of typical individuals involved in four contemporary disputes of markedly different type: a clash over German housing policy, disagreements between Israelis over the meaning of the Western Wall, contention surrounding exploitation of Canada's bitumen resources, and the deep dispute between people advocating action on climate change and those skeptical about the reality of the problem.}, subject = {Konflikt}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WolfGortanaHerrmannetal., author = {Wolf, Ingo and Gortana, Flavio and Herrmann, Ivo and Thiele, Paul and Heidmann, Frank and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias}, title = {Drag-and-drop cognition}, abstract = {We present a newly developed graphical user interface, which allows researchers to create models of complex societal decision-making in a user-friendly manner without being required to program. The software tool is based on InnoMind, an agent-based model that implements theories of emotional cognition from cognitive science. We show the current work in progress and outline the near-term goals of the software development project.}, subject = {Benutzerschnittstelle}, language = {en} } @article{WolfSchroederNeumannetal., author = {Wolf, Ingo and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias and Neumann, Jochen and de Haan, Gerhard}, title = {Changing minds about electric cars}, series = {Technological Forecasting and Social Change}, journal = {Technological Forecasting and Social Change}, number = {94}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0040-1625}, doi = {10.1016/j.techfore.2014.10.010}, pages = {269 -- 285}, abstract = {The diffusion of electric vehicles (EVs) is considered an effective policy strategy to meet greenhouse gas reduction targets. For large-scale adoption, however, demand-side oriented policy measures are required, based on consumers' transport needs, values and social norms. We introduce an empirically grounded, spatially explicit, agent-based model, InnoMind (Innovation diffusion driven by changing Minds), to simulate the effects of policy interventions and social influence on consumers' transport mode preferences. The agents in this model represent individual consumers. They are calibrated based on empirically derived attributes and characteristics of survey respondents. We model agent decision-making with artificial neural networks that account for the role of emotions in information processing. We present simulations of 4 scenarios for the diffusion of EVs in the city of Berlin, Germany (3 policy scenarios and 1 base case). The results illustrate the varying effectiveness of measures in different market segments and the need for appropriate policies tailored to the heterogeneous needs of different travelers. Moreover, the simulations suggest that introducing an exclusive zone for EVs in the city would accelerate the early-phase diffusion of EVs more effectively than financial incentives only.}, subject = {Elektrofahrzeug}, language = {en} } @incollection{HoeySchroeder, author = {Hoey, Jesse and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias}, title = {Bayesian affect control theory of self}, series = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and the Twenty-Seventh Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference, 25 - 30 January, Austin, Texas, USA. Volume 1}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and the Twenty-Seventh Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference, 25 - 30 January, Austin, Texas, USA. Volume 1}, publisher = {AAAI Press}, address = {Palo Alto, Calif.}, isbn = {978-1-57735-699-8}, pages = {529 -- 536}, abstract = {Notions of identity and of the self have long been studied in social psychology and sociology as key guiding elements of social interaction and coordination. In the AI of the future, these notions will also play a role in producing natural, socially appropriate artificially intelligent agents that encompass subtle and complex human social and affective skills. We propose here a Bayesian generalization of the sociological affect control theory of self as a theoretical foundation for socio-affectively skilled artificial agents. This theory posits that each human maintains an internal model of his or her deep sense of "self" that captures their emotional, psychological, and socio-cultural sense of being in the world. The "self" is then externalised as an identity within any given interpersonal and institutional situation, and this situational identity is the person's local (in space and time) representation of the self. Situational identities govern the actions of humans according to affect control theory. Humans will seek situations that allow them to enact identities consistent with their sense of self. This consistency is cumulative over time: if some parts of a person's self are not actualized regularly, the person will have a growing feeling of inauthenticity that they will seek to resolve. In our present generalisation, the self is represented as a probability distribution, allowing it to be multi-modal (a person can maintain multiple different identities), uncertain (a person can be unsure about who they really are), and learnable (agents can learn the identities and selves of other agents). We show how the Bayesian affect control theory of self can underpin artificial agents that are socially intelligent.}, subject = {K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz}, language = {en} } @techreport{MicheliniKlaperskiMicheletal., author = {Michelini, Gabriela and Klaperski, Daniel and Michel, Antje and Dametto, Diego and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias and Tauch, Anne and Popiolek, Roy}, title = {Anwendung von Co-Creation-Tools f{\"u}r die Entwicklung innovativer Mobilit{\"a}tsl{\"o}sungen}, address = {Potsdam}, organization = {Fachhochschule Potsdam}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:525-25400}, pages = {43}, abstract = {Co-Creation ist eine aktive, kreative und soziale Zusammenarbeit zwischen verschiedenen Personengruppen zur Entwicklung neuer L{\"o}sungen. Das Projekt SmartUpLab f{\"o}rdert Co-Creation-Tools als ein Element der Entscheidungsfindung f{\"u}r die zuk{\"u}nftige Mobilit{\"a}t in regionalen und lokalen Kontexten. Dieser Bericht gibt einen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber die Anwendung der Co-Creation-Tools, die von Projekten im deutschsprachigen Raum umgesetzt werden, um das Engagement verschiedener Akteure mit gemeinsamen Aktionen zur Entwicklung einer nachhaltigen und integrierten zuk{\"u}nftigen Mobilit{\"a}t zu f{\"o}rdern. Im ersten Teil des Berichts werden die von anderen Forschungsprojekten entwickelten Co-Creation-Tools als Ergebnis einer systematischen Literaturrecherche vorgestellt. Dieser Bericht erstellt eine Triangulation der systematischen und repr{\"a}sentativen Analyse mit einer Case-Studie von den Projekten, die im Rahmen des Instituts f{\"u}r angewandte Forschung Urbane Zukunft (IaF) entwickelt wurden. Im zweiten Teil des Berichts ist der interne Lernprozess dargestellt, der die qualitative Analyse von Berichten, Dokumenten und Websites von den Projekten PaSyMo, MaaS4P und MaaS L.A.B.S umfasst. Die Erhebung von Daten wurde mit einem Fragebogen an die Projektmitglieder durchgef{\"u}hrt und mit Gruppendiskussionen kombiniert. Eine qualitative Analyse wurde mit Unterst{\"u}tzung der Software Atlas.ti 9 (2020) durchgef{\"u}hrt. Der dritte Teil des Berichts analysiert und vergleicht die in den ersten beiden Teilen erzielten Ergebnisse und gibt Empfehlungen f{\"u}r die Auswahl eines Co-Creation-Tools und dessen Aspekte, die bei der Umsetzung zu ber{\"u}cksichtigen sind.}, subject = {Verkehr}, language = {de} } @techreport{DamettoKlaperskiLangeetal., author = {Dametto, Diego and Klaperski, Daniel and Lange, Katharina and Michelini, Gabriela and Popiolek, Roy and Michel, Antje and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias and Tauch, Anne}, title = {Abschlussbericht SmartUpLab - Decision Support Tools f{\"u}r integrierte Stadtentwicklung}, address = {Potsdam}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:525-29037}, pages = {88}, abstract = {Eine zukunftsweisende und nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung erfordert integrierte, ganzheitliche Planungsprozesse und die Integration von Akteur*innen verschiedener Fachrichtungen. Digitale Technologien und Ans{\"a}tze datenbasierter Stadtentwicklung k{\"o}nnen St{\"a}dte bei diesen Prozessen unterst{\"u}tzen. Vor diesem Hintergrund entwickelte die Fachhochschule Potsdam (FHP) im EFRE-gef{\"o}rderten Projekt „SmartUpLab - Decision-Support Tools f{\"u}r Integrierte Stadtentwicklung" ein digitales Planungstool, das - eingebettet in ein ebenfalls im Projekt entwickeltes Workshopkonzept - die Bearbeitung komplexer Fragestellungen in der Stadtentwicklung und der Mobilit{\"a}tsplanung vereinfacht. Insbesondere war das Ziel, das Tool und die Methoden seiner Entwicklung und Anwendung durch partizipative Prozesse und die Einbindung verschiedener Stakeholdergruppen zu erm{\"o}glichen. F{\"u}r die Erarbeitung des Tools in einem transdisziplin{\"a}ren Prozess entwickelte SmartUpLab einen agilen Co-Creation-Ansatz, der in der Zusammenarbeit mit Stakeholdern Rahmenbedingungen und Parameter f{\"u}r das Planungstool identifiziert. In zwei Anwendungsf{\"a}llen wurden Planungstools f{\"u}r die Verkehrs- und Stadtplanung entwickelt. Im ersten Anwendungsfall wurden mit der Verkehrsbetrieb Potsdam GmbH (ViP) und der Landeshauptstadt Potsdam (LHP) Szenarien f{\"u}r den Betrieb einer neuen Buslinie mit Bedarfshalten (DRT) f{\"u}r das Potsdamer Wohngebiet „Bornstedter Feld" untersucht. Mit dem Amt f{\"u}r Stadtentwicklung der Fontanestadt Neuruppin wurden im zweiten Anwendungsfall die Auswirkungen von verschiedenen Maßnahmen f{\"u}r das Parkraummanagement miteinander verglichen. In beiden F{\"a}llen erfolgte eine Aggregation von (GIS-)Daten aus verschiedenen Quellen, welche die Grundlage f{\"u}r eine Agentenbasierte Modellierung urbaner Mobilit{\"a}t bildeten. In mehreren Workshops wurden zusammen die Anforderungen erhoben und Konzepte validiert. Als Abschluss fand ein Reallabor-Workshop statt, in dem der Einsatz der Tools unter realen Bedingungen erprobt wurde. Im ersten Anwendungsfall wurden Betriebsszenarien f{\"u}r den Betrieb des DRT entworfen und miteinander verglichen. Die Ergebnisse der DRT-Szenarien flossen in die Operationalisierung der weiteren Buslinienplanung ein. Im zweiten Anwendungsfall wurden Maßnahmen und Verkehrszahlen im Kontext des Parkraummanagements in der Neuruppiner Innenstadt modelliert, um die jeweiligen Wirkungen verschiedener Szenarien erfassen zu k{\"o}nnen. Grunds{\"a}tzlich konnte SmartUpLab feststellen, dass das entwickelte Tool aus technischer Hinsicht die gesetzten Anforderungen zu großen Teilen erf{\"u}llen konnte. Insbesondere eingebettet in das Workshopkonzept, das die Stakeholder bei der Entwicklung und Beurteilung ihrer Szenarien mithilfe des Planungstools anleitet, konnten in beiden Use Cases verwertbare L{\"o}sungen f{\"u}r die die eingangs gemeinsam entwickelten planerischen Problemstellungen entwickelt werden. Sowohl bei der transdisziplin{\"a}ren Erarbeitung des Tools als auch bei seiner Anwendung ist das Projekt allerdings auch auf Herausforderungen gestoßen. Bei der transdisziplin{\"a}ren Zusammenarbeit hat sich gezeigt, dass es wichtig ist, die zeitlichen Agenden beteiligter Stakeholdergruppen zu synchronisieren. Hierdurch kann sichergestellt werden, dass die Ergebnisse der Modellierung zeitnah in die Entscheidungsprozesse einfließen k{\"o}nnen. Insgesamt kommt SmartUpLab damit zur Erkenntnis, dass der Einsatz eines solchen Tools f{\"u}r die Stadtentwicklungspraxis zwar zahlreiche Potenziale bietet, die Nutzung und Verbreitung des Tools jedoch noch von diversen systemischen Rahmenbedingungen erschwert wird. W{\"a}hrend bei der Arbeit mit simulationsbasierten Szenarien Systeme unter verschiedenen Rahmenbedingungen getestet werden, sind bisher in der Stadtplanung eher der Umgang mit festen Referenzwerten {\"u}blich, die gegen{\"u}ber der Politik gerechtfertigt werden k{\"o}nnen. Daher hat sich die Arbeit mit hypothetischen Werten als herausfordernd erwiesen und gezeigt, dass an dieser Stelle die Logik der Verwaltung und kommunalpolitischen Entscheidungsfindung schwer mit der Logik der szenariobasierten Simulation vereinbar sind. Die Anwendung Agentenbasierter Modellierung in der Praxis der Stadtentwicklung erfordert f{\"u}r Verwaltungen neue Herangehensweisen, Denkweisen und das Zulassen von innovativen Ans{\"a}tzen in der Arbeitsweise der Kommunen. Zudem ist eine Offenheit f{\"u}r neue Ans{\"a}tze und Methoden seitens der beteiligten Stakeholder notwendig. Kurz- bzw. mittelfristig erscheint es daher weniger aussichtsreich, das entwickelte Planungstool als lizenzierbares Produkt auszuarbeiten, als es, eingebettet in das Workshopkonzept, als Weiterbildungsangebot zum Kompetenzaufbau f{\"u}r digitale Planungsprozesse einzusetzen. Sowohl in Bezug auf diese Perspektiven f{\"u}r die Weiterentwicklung als auch jenseits der konkreten Projektergebnisse war die Projektf{\"o}rderung von großem Wert f{\"u}r die FHP, weil wertvolle Expertise und gute Beziehungen zu außerhochschulischen Stakeholdern in einem zukunftstr{\"a}chtigen Forschungs- und Transferthema aufgebaut werden konnten. Dies hat sich bereits jetzt in der erfolgreichen Einwerbung thematisch auf SmartUpLab aufbauender Folgeprojekte niedergeschlagen.}, subject = {Mobilit{\"a}t}, language = {de} } @article{HoeySchroederAlhothali, author = {Hoey, Jesse and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias and Alhothali, Areej}, title = {Affect control processes}, series = {Artificial Intelligence}, volume = {230}, journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, publisher = {Elseviert}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0004-3702}, doi = {10.1016/j.artint.2015.09.004}, pages = {134 -- 172}, abstract = {This paper describes a novel method for building affectively intelligent human-interactive agents. The method is based on a key sociological insight that has been developed and extensively verified over the last twenty years, but has yet to make an impact in artificial intelligence. The insight is that resource bounded humans will, by default, act to maintain affective consistency. Humans have culturally shared fundamental affective sentiments about identities, behaviours, and objects, and they act so that the transient affective sentiments created during interactions confirm the fundamental sentiments. Humans seek and create situations that confirm or are consistent with, and avoid and suppress situations that disconfirm or are inconsistent with, their culturally shared affective sentiments. This "affect control principle" has been shown to be a powerful predictor of human behaviour. In this paper, we present a probabilistic and decision-theoretic generalisation of this principle, and we demonstrate how it can be leveraged to build affectively intelligent artificial agents. The new model, called BayesAct, can maintain multiple hypotheses about sentiments simultaneously as a probability distribution, and can make use of an explicit utility function to make value-directed action choices. This allows the model to generate affectively intelligent interactions with people by learning about their identity, predicting their behaviours using the affect control principle, and taking actions that are simultaneously goal-directed and affect-sensitive. We demonstrate this generalisation with a set of simulations. We then show how our model can be used as an emotional "plug-in" for artificially intelligent systems that interact with humans in two different settings: an exam practice assistant (tutor) and an assistive device for persons with a cognitive disability.}, subject = {Emotionales Verhalten}, language = {en} } @article{SchroederWolf, author = {Schr{\"o}der, Tobias and Wolf, Ingo}, title = {Modeling multi-level mechanisms of environmental attitudes and behaviours}, series = {Journal of Environmental Psychology}, volume = {52}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Psychology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0272-4944}, doi = {10.1016/j.jenvp.2016.03.007}, pages = {136 -- 148}, abstract = {Psychological research practices are often prone to individualistic biases, emphasizing individual-level mechanisms of attitudes, behaviour, and persuasion, while neglecting the dynamics of communication in social networks. We illustrate with our InnoMind simulation model how agent-based modeling as a research method can account for the multi-level interactions between information processing in individual brains and flows of information in societies. InnoMind is based on theories of emotional cognition from cognitive science, theories of attitudes and persuasion from social psychology, and theories of social networks from sociology. In a case study, we show how the model can be used to address practical research questions in environmental psychology: We describe computer simulations with InnoMind that can serve as ex-ante evaluations of suitable campaign strategies for the promotion of carsharing as an innovative means of sustainable urban transportation. We discuss how empirical/experimental versus computational/theoretical research strategies in environmental psychology can and should be regarded as mutually informative.}, subject = {Nachhaltigkeit}, language = {en} } @article{HoeySchroederMorganetal., author = {Hoey, Jesse and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias and Morgan, Jonathan Howard and Rogers, Kimberly B. and Rishi, Deepak and Nagappan, Meiyappan}, title = {Artificial Intelligence and Social Simulation}, series = {Small Group Research}, volume = {49}, journal = {Small Group Research}, number = {6}, publisher = {Sage Publications}, address = {London}, issn = {1552-8278}, doi = {10.1177/1046496418802362}, pages = {647 -- 683}, abstract = {Recent advances in artificial intelligence and computer science can be used by social scientists in their study of groups and teams. Here, we explain how developments in machine learning and simulations with artificially intelligent agents can help group and team scholars to overcome two major problems they face when studying group dynamics. First, because empirical research on groups relies on manual coding, it is hard to study groups in large numbers (the scaling problem). Second, conventional statistical methods in behavioral science often fail to capture the nonlinear interaction dynamics occurring in small groups (the dynamics problem). Machine learning helps to address the scaling problem, as massive computing power can be harnessed to multiply manual codings of group interactions. Computer simulations with artificially intelligent agents help to address the dynamics problem by implementing social psychological theory in data-generating algorithms that allow for sophisticated statements and tests of theory. We describe an ongoing research project aimed at computational analysis of virtual software development teams.}, subject = {K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz}, language = {en} } @incollection{PrytulaSchroederMieg, author = {Prytula, Michael and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias and Mieg, Harald A.}, title = {Inter- and Transdisciplinarity}, series = {Inquiry-Based Learning: Undergraduate Research}, booktitle = {Inquiry-Based Learning: Undergraduate Research}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-14223-0}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-14223-0_11}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:525-26340}, publisher = {Fachhochschule Potsdam}, pages = {115 -- 123}, abstract = {How does inquiry-based learning work in interdisciplinary, practical teaching contexts? This chapter presents examples of interdisciplinary inquiry-based learning and the associated basic conditions. The conclusion is comprised of three theses. We claim that inter- and transdisciplinarity require a new unity of teaching and research.}, subject = {Entdeckendes Lernen}, language = {en} } @article{LuthardtSchroederHildebrandtetal., author = {Luthardt, Jasmin and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias and Hildebrandt, Frauke and Bormann, Inka}, title = {"And then we'll just check if it suits us" : cognitive-affective maps of social innovation in early childhood education}, series = {Frontiers in Education}, volume = {5}, journal = {Frontiers in Education}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {2504-284X}, doi = {10.3389/feduc.2020.00033}, pages = {19}, abstract = {The idea that a simple execution of an innovation invented by actors other than those who are expected to apply it is not likely to take place is a truism. We assume, however, in this paper the idea of a discursive production of knowledge on the application of an innovation across different levels of the education system. We aim to shed light on an innovation's 'journey' from educational policy over training providers to teams of professionals in early childhood education and care (ECEC). By investigating knowledge and emotions associated with the introduction of an intended innovation using the example of "stimulation interactions" in day care-centers, the paper contributes to research on the transfer of innovations in education. To better understand challenges occurring during the transfer of innovations, we triangulate methods from discourse theory (coding techniques based on GTM) and cognitive science, namely cognitive-affective mapping (according to the scholarly conventions). The data corpus includes educational plans (N = 2), in-service training programs (N = 123) and group discussions of pedagogical teams (N = 6) who participated in an in-service training on the subject, stimulating interaction. Findings underline that similar messages from the inventors on the educational policy level are received and processed heterogeneously by the teams of pedagogues as a result of their preexisting views, routine practices and experiences with intended innovations through in-service trainings. Besides, a diffuse mixture of competing and contradictory information is communicated to the professionals and, hence, collides with the in-service training providers' and educational policy actors' expectations on the processing of the intended innovation. Specific knowledge elements and their valences are diametrically opposed to each other. Dissonances like these are considered as obstacles to social innovation. The obstacles are caused by the lack of a 'common language' beyond all levels. Hence, policy-makers and in-service-training providers should anticipate the supportive as well as competing knowledge-emotional complexes of professionals and take these into account when communicating an intended innovation.}, subject = {Sozialinnovation}, language = {en} } @article{ZoellerMorganSchroeder, author = {Z{\"o}ller, Nikolas and Morgan, Jonathan H. and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias}, title = {Modeling interaction in collaborative groups}, series = {Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation}, volume = {24}, journal = {Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation}, number = {4}, publisher = {Guildford}, address = {SimSoc Consortium}, issn = {1460-7425}, doi = {10.18564/jasss.4699}, pages = {25}, abstract = {This paper studies the dynamics of identity and status management within groups in collaborative settings. We present an agent-based simulation model for group interaction rooted in social psychological theory. The model integrates affect control theory with networked interaction structures and sequential behavior protocols as they are often encountered in task groups. By expressing status hierarchy through network structure, we build a bridge between expectation states theory and affect control theory, and are able to reproduce central results from the expectation states research program in sociological social psychology. Furthermore, we demonstrate how the model can be applied to analyze specialized task groups or sub-cultural domains by combining it with empirical data sources. As an example, we simulate groups of open-source software developers and analyze how cultural expectations influence the occupancy of high status positions in these groups.}, subject = {Affekt}, language = {en} } @article{ZoellerMorganSchroeder, author = {Z{\"o}ller, Nikolas and Morgan, Jonathan Howard and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias}, title = {A topology of groups}, series = {Technological Forecasting and Social Change}, volume = {161}, journal = {Technological Forecasting and Social Change}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1873-5509}, doi = {10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120291}, pages = {19}, abstract = {In this work, we study the collaboration patterns of open source software projects on GitHub by analyzing the pull request submissions and acceptances of repositories. We develop a group typology based on the structural properties of the corresponding directed graphs, and analyze how the topology is connected to the repositorys collective identity, hierarchy, productivity, popularity, resilience and stability. These analyses indicate significant differences between group types and thereby provide valuable insights on how to effectively organize collaborative software development. Identifying the mechanisms that underlie self-organized collaboration on digital platforms is important not just to better understand open source software development but also all other decentralized and digital work environments, a setting widely regarded as a key feature of the future work place.}, subject = {GitHub}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MorganZhaoZoelleretal., author = {Morgan, Jonathan Howard and Zhao, Jun and Z{\"o}ller, Nikolas and Sedlacek, Andrea and Chen, Lena and Piper, Hayley and Beck, Yliana and Rogers, Kimberly B. and Hoey, Jesse and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias}, title = {Modeling the Culture of Online Collaborative Groups with Affect Control Theory}, series = {Advances in Social Simulation}, booktitle = {Advances in Social Simulation}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-61503-1}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-61503-1_14}, pages = {147 -- 160}, abstract = {We review Affect Control Theory (ACT) as a promising basis for equipping computational agents in social simulations with a sense of sociality. ACT is a computational theory that integrates sociological insights about the symbolic construction of the social order with psychological knowledge about cognitive-affective mechanisms. After explaining the theoretical foundations of ACT and applications of the theory at the dyadic and group level, we describe a case study applying the theory from an ongoing research project examining self-organized online collaboration in software development.}, subject = {Gruppendynamik}, language = {en} } @article{LuthardtMorganBormannetal., author = {Luthardt, Jasmin and Morgan, Jonathan Howard and Bormann, Inka and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias}, title = {Quantifying emotionally grounded discursive knowledge with cognitive-affective maps}, series = {Quality \& Quantity - International Journal of Methodology}, volume = {56}, journal = {Quality \& Quantity - International Journal of Methodology}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer Science + Business Media B.V}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {1573-7845}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-021-01195-7}, pages = {1557 -- 1595}, abstract = {Belief systems matter for all kinds of human social interaction. People have individual cognitions and feelings concerning processes in their environment, which is why they may evaluate them differently. Belief systems can be visualized with cognitive-affective maps (CAMs; as reported by Thagard (in: McGregor (ed) EMPATHICA: A computer support system with visual representations for cognitive-affective mapping, AAAI Press, CA, 2010)). However, it is unclear whether CAMs can be constructed in an intersubjective way by different researchers attempting to map the beliefs of a third party based on qualitative text data. To scrutinize this question, we combined qualitative strategies and quantitative methods of text and network analysis in a case study examining belief networks about participation. Our data set consists of 10 sets of two empirical CAMs: the first CAM was created based on participants' freely associating concepts related to participation in education (N = 10), the second one was created based on given text data which the participants represented as a CAM following a standardized instruction manual (N = 10). Both CAM-types were compared along three dimensions of similarity (network similarity, concept association similarity, affective similarity). On all dimensions of similarity, there was substantially higher intersubjective agreement in the text-based CAMs than in the free CAMs, supporting the viability of cognitive affective mapping as an intersubjective research method for studying the emotional coherence of belief systems and discursive knowledge. In addition, this study highlights the potential for identifying group-level differences based on how participants associate concepts.}, language = {en} } @incollection{SchroederPrytula, author = {Schr{\"o}der, Tobias and Prytula, Michael}, title = {Sprache und Bedeutung als Grundlagenthemen im Coaching}, series = {Handbuch Schl{\"u}sselkonzepte im Coaching}, booktitle = {Handbuch Schl{\"u}sselkonzepte im Coaching}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-662-49483-7}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-49483-7_66}, pages = {543 -- 551}, abstract = {Coaching l{\"a}sst sich als ein Prozess der Bedeutungsschaffung durch sprachliche Interaktion verstehen. Bedeutungen sind koh{\"a}rente Begriffsnetzwerke, die zum einen sozial geteilt, zum anderen im emotionalen Erleben von Personen fundiert sind. Wir stellen den aktuellen Forschungsstand in der Kognitionswissenschaft und Sozialpsychologie dar und erl{\"a}utern am Beispiel eines am Markt etablierten Coaching-Modells („Contextuelles Coaching") die Bedeutung dieser Forschung f{\"u}r die Coaching-Praxis.}, subject = {Kognition}, language = {de} } @incollection{PrytulaSchroederMieg, author = {Prytula, Michael and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias and Mieg, Harald A.}, title = {Inter- und Transdisziplinarit{\"a}t}, series = {Forschendes Lernen - wie die Lehre in Universit{\"a}t und Fachhochschule erneuert werden kann}, booktitle = {Forschendes Lernen - wie die Lehre in Universit{\"a}t und Fachhochschule erneuert werden kann}, publisher = {Campus}, address = {Frankfurt am Main}, isbn = {978-3-593-50140-6}, pages = {138 -- 147}, abstract = {Wie funktioniert Forschendes Lernen in interdisziplin{\"a}ren, praxisnahen Lehrkontexten? Dieses Kapitel stellt Beispiele f{\"u}r interdisziplin{\"a}res Forschendes Lernen und die damit verbundenen Rahmenbedingungen vor. Den Abschluss bilden drei Thesen. Wir behaupten: Inter- und Transdisziplinarit{\"a}t erfordert eine neue Einheit von Lehre und Forschung.}, subject = {Interdisziplin{\"a}re Forschung}, language = {de} } @incollection{SchadeDoerkGlinkaetal., author = {Schade, Christina and D{\"o}rk, Marian and Glinka, Katrin and Hauff, Matthias and Mieg, Harald A. and Prytula, Michael and Rauenbusch, Jens and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias}, title = {Urbane Komplexit{\"a}t verstehen - Das Institut f{\"u}r angewandte Forschung Urbane Zukunft}, series = {Research Day 2015 Stadt der Zukunft : Tagungsband - 21.04.2015 / Beuth Hochschule f{\"u}r Technik Berlin}, booktitle = {Research Day 2015 Stadt der Zukunft : Tagungsband - 21.04.2015 / Beuth Hochschule f{\"u}r Technik Berlin}, publisher = {Mensch und Buch Verlag}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-86387-595-4}, pages = {212 -- 217}, subject = {Fachhochschule}, language = {de} } @techreport{SchroederWolfZoeller, author = {Schr{\"o}der, Tobias and Wolf, Ingo and Z{\"o}ller, Nikolas}, title = {Einstellungen zu Mobilit{\"a}tsinnovationen in Deutschland}, address = {Potsdam}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.2314/GBV:1017719136}, pages = {66}, abstract = {Abschlussbericht zum Verbundvorhaben: Modellierung von Einstellungsdynamiken in komplexen sozialen Systemen: Monitoring und Foresight von Sentiments zu Mobilit{\"a}tsinnovationen (MonForSense) F{\"o}rderzeitraum: 01.09.2015 bis 31.10.2017}, subject = {Verkehrspsychologie}, language = {de} } @incollection{SchroederWolf, author = {Schr{\"o}der, Tobias and Wolf, Ingo}, title = {Psychologische Aspekte nachhaltiger Mobilit{\"a}t}, series = {Psychologie und Nachhaltigkeit}, booktitle = {Psychologie und Nachhaltigkeit}, editor = {Schmitt, Claudia Thea and Bamberg, Eva}, publisher = {Springer Gabler}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-19964-7}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-19965-4_17}, publisher = {Fachhochschule Potsdam}, pages = {203 -- 213}, abstract = {Technologische und soziale Innovationen scheinen derzeit viele Perspektiven f{\"u}r eine Transformation des Mobilit{\"a}tssektors hin zu mehr Nachhaltigkeit zu er{\"o}ffnen. Ob und wie sich das menschliche Mobilit{\"a}tsverhalten den neuen M{\"o}glichkeiten anpasst, ist allerdings eine offene Frage, die psychologischer Forschung bedarf. Wir stellen in unserem Beitrag eine neue Theorie der Mobilit{\"a}tseinstellungen vor, die Ans{\"a}tze zur emotionalen Koh{\"a}renz menschlicher Entscheidungen aus der Kognitionswissenschaft mit soziologischen Theorien der Informationsdiffusion in sozialen Netzwerken kombiniert. Daten aus einer aktuellen, groß angelegten empirischen Studie zeigen, dass die emotionale Verankerung des Autos mit Verbrennungsmotor im individuellen Privatbesitz immer noch groß ist. F{\"u}r die erfolgreiche Verbreitung innovativer und nachhaltiger Mobilit{\"a}tskonzepte in der Gesellschaft wird entscheidend sein, ob neben technologischen Entwicklungen auch eine breite Transformation von Einstellungen in der Bev{\"o}lkerung erreicht werden kann.}, subject = {Nachhaltigkeit}, language = {de} } @techreport{GeuderLeidingerLupinetal., type = {Working Paper}, author = {Geuder, Philipp and Leidinger, Marie-Claire and Lupin, Martin von and D{\"o}rk, Marian and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias}, title = {Emosaic: Visualizing Affective Content of Text at Varying Granularity}, series = {arxiv.org}, journal = {arxiv.org}, publisher = {Cornell University}, doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2002.10096}, pages = {9}, abstract = {This paper presents Emosaic, a tool for visualizing the emotional tone of text documents, considering multiple dimensions of emotion and varying levels of semantic granularity. Emosaic is grounded in psychological research on the relationship between language, affect, and color perception. We capitalize on an established three-dimensional model of human emotion: valence (good, nice vs. bad, awful), arousal (calm, passive vs. exciting, active) and dominance (weak, controlled vs. strong, in control). Previously, multi-dimensional models of emotion have been used rarely in visualizations of textual data, due to the perceptual challenges involved. Furthermore, until recently most text visualizations remained at a high level, precluding closer engagement with the deep semantic content of the text. Informed by empirical studies, we introduce a color mapping that translates any point in three-dimensional affective space into a unique color. Emosaic uses affective dictionaries of words annotated with the three emotional parameters of the valence-arousal-dominance model to extract emotional meanings from texts and then assigns to them corresponding color parameters of the hue-saturation-brightness color space. This approach of mapping emotion to color is aimed at helping readers to more easily grasp the emotional tone of the text. Several features of Emosaic allow readers to interactively explore the affective content of the text in more detail; e.g., in aggregated form as histograms, in sequential form following the order of text, and in detail embedded into the text display itself. Interaction techniques have been included to allow for filtering and navigating of text and visualizations.}, subject = {Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation}, language = {en} } @techreport{HoeyNagappanRogersetal., author = {Hoey, Jesse and Nagappan, Meiyappan and Rogers, Kimberly B. and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias and Dametto, Diego and De Zoysa, Nalin and Iyer, Rahul and Morgan, Jonathan H. and Rishi, Deepak and Sirianni, Antonio D. and Yun, Seonghu and Zhao, Jun and Z{\"o}ller, Nikolas}, title = {Theoretical and Empirical Modeling of Identity and Sentiments in Collaborative Groups}, doi = {10.31235/osf.io/4hukx}, pages = {1 -- 36}, abstract = {Theoretical and Empirical Modeling of Identity and Sentiments in Collaborative Groups (THEMIS.COG) was an interdisciplinary research collaboration of computer scientists and social scientists from the University of Waterloo (Canada), Potsdam University of Applied Sciences (Germany), and Dartmouth College (USA). This white paper summarizes the results of our research at the end of the grant term. Funded by the Trans-Atlantic Platform's Digging Into Data initiative, the project aimed at theoretical and empirical modeling of identity and sentiments in collaborative groups. Understanding the social forces behind self-organized collaboration is important because technological and social innovations are increasingly generated through informal, distributed processes of collaboration, rather than in formal organizational hierarchies or through market forces. Our work used a data-driven approach to explore the social psychological mechanisms that motivate such collaborations and determine their success or failure. We focused on the example of GitHub, the world's current largest digital platform for open, collaborative software development. In contrast to most, purely inductive contemporary approaches leveraging computational techniques for social science, THEMIS.COG followed a deductive, theory-driven approach. We capitalized on affect control theory, a mathematically formalized theory of symbolic interaction originated by sociologist David R. Heise and further advanced in previous work by some of the THEMIS.COG collaborators, among others. Affect control theory states that people control their social behaviours by intuitively attempting to verify culturally shared feelings about identities, social roles, and behaviour settings. From this principle, implemented in computational simulation models, precise predictions about group dynamics can be derived. It was the goal of THEMIS.COG to adapt and apply this approach to study the GitHub collaboration ecosystem through a symbolic interactionist lens. The project contributed substantially to the novel endeavor of theory development in social science based on large amounts of naturally occurring digital data.}, subject = {Computational social science}, language = {en} } @article{SirianniMorganZoelleretal., author = {Sirianni, Antonio D. and Morgan, Jonathan H. and Z{\"o}ller, Nikolas and Rogers, Kimberly B. and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias}, title = {Complements and Competitors}, doi = {10.31235/osf.io/bfmy2}, pages = {1 -- 23}, abstract = {The vast majority of research on the diffusion of innovations focuses on how one particular idea or technology spreads across a network of connected individuals, or a population more generally. Diffusive processes are typically considered either in isolation. We consider innovations themselves as nodes in a larger network, and look at how individual innovations can spread with or against one another in a larger community of potential adopters. Using a large publicly-available data set, custom-designed measurements, and network analysis methods, we present a temporal analysis of a set of technological innovations. Specifically, we examine how coding languages spread across users on GitHub, an online platform for collaborative coding. By looking at which languages co-appear in individual projects, we develop network based measurements of how frequently languages appear together in the same coding projects (functional cohesion), and how similar two languages are in terms of how often they co-appear with other languages in coding projects (functional equivalence). We also assess two types of diffusion, one form where users of one language become users of an additional language (complementary or 'piggybacking' diffusion), and another where users of one language abandon one language for another (competitive or 'cannibalistic' diffusion). Using MR-QAP Regression Techniques, we find strong evidence that functional cohesion positively predicts complementary diffusion. We also find some evidence that functional equivalence predicts competitive diffusion. More broadly, we find support for the idea that the networks of functional relationships between innovations is important for understanding diffusive processes.}, subject = {Soziologie}, language = {en} } @article{SirianniMorganZoelleretal., author = {Sirianni, Antonio D. and Morgan, Jonathan H. and Z{\"o}ller, Nikolas and Rogers, Kimberly B. and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias}, title = {Complements and competitors}, series = {PNAS nexus}, volume = {3}, journal = {PNAS nexus}, number = {12}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {2752-6542}, doi = {10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae549}, pages = {1 -- 13}, abstract = {Diffusive and contagious processes spread in the context of one another in connected populations. Diffusions may be more likely to pass through portions of a network where compatible diffusions are already present. We examine this by incorporating the concept of "relatedness" from the economic complexity literature into a network co-diffusion model. Building on the "product space" concept used in this work, we consider technologies themselves as nodes in "product networks," where edges define relationships between products. Specifically, coding languages on GitHub, an online platform for collaborative coding, are considered. From rates of language co-occurrence in coding projects, we calculate rates of functional cohesion and functional equivalence for each pair of languages. From rates of how individuals adopt and abandon coding languages over time, we calculate measures of complementary diffusion and substitutive diffusion for each pair of languages relative to one another. Consistent with the principle of relatedness, network regression techniques (MR-QAP) reveal strong evidence that functional cohesion positively predicts complementary diffusion. We also find limited evidence that functional equivalence predicts substitutive (competitive) diffusion. Results support the broader finding that functional dependencies between diffusive processes will dictate how said processes spread relative to one another across a population of potential adopters.}, subject = {Computational social science}, language = {en} } @article{DamettoVieiraSchroederetal., author = {Dametto, Diego and Vieira, Luc and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias and Blaison, Christophe}, title = {Charlemagne's Legacy}, series = {Social Psychology Quarterly}, volume = {87}, journal = {Social Psychology Quarterly}, publisher = {Sage Publications}, address = {London}, issn = {0190-2725}, doi = {10.1177/01902725231205855}, pages = {479 -- 500}, abstract = {We investigate between- and within-country consensus about affective meanings of social identities along the evaluation, potency, and activity dimensions from the affect control theory research tradition. Ratings for 387 (194 male and 193 female) identities were collected from two samples representative of the French (N = 700) and German (N = 700) populations for age, gender, and region. Guided by two preregistered hypotheses based on previous cross-cultural research, our analysis points to considerable cultural consensus between French and Germans who seem to share a common "Carolingian" affective culture; yet some culture-specific patterns concerning the evaluation dimension and evaluation-potency interactions were found to be statistically significant. We interpret these results in terms of known cross-cultural features such as power distance and conceptions of power.}, subject = {Karlssage}, language = {en} } @article{WijermansScholzPaolilloetal., author = {Wijermans, Nanda and Scholz, Geeske and Paolillo, Rocco and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias and Chappin, Emile and Craig, Tony and Templeton, Anne}, title = {Models in Social Psychology and Agent-Based Social Simulation}, series = {Review of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation}, journal = {Review of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation}, address = {Troms{\o}}, organization = {The Arctic University of Norway}, issn = {2732-5903}, pages = {1 -- 5}, abstract = {Understanding how individual or group behaviour are influenced by the presence of others is something both social psychology and agent-based social simulation are concerned with. However, there is only limited overlap between these two research communities, which becomes clear when terms such as "variable", "prediction", or "model" come into play, and we build on their different meanings. This situation challenges us when working together, since it complicates the uptake of relevant work from each community and thus hampers the potential impact that we could have when joining forces.}, subject = {Sozialpsychologie}, language = {en} } @incollection{SchroederPrytula, author = {Schr{\"o}der, Tobias and Prytula, Michael}, title = {Language and meaning as basic topics in coaching}, series = {International Handbook of Evidence-Based Coaching}, booktitle = {International Handbook of Evidence-Based Coaching}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-81938-5}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-81938-5_41}, publisher = {Fachhochschule Potsdam}, pages = {509 -- 519}, abstract = {Coaching can be understood as a process of creating meaning through linguistic interaction. Meanings are coherent networks of concepts, which are on the one hand socially shared and on the other hand based on the emotional experience of individuals. We present the relevant current state of research in cognitive science and social psychology and explain the significance of this research for coaching practice using the example of a coaching model established on the market ("contextual coaching").}, subject = {Sprache}, language = {en} } @incollection{DamettoMicheliniHigietal., author = {Dametto, Diego and Michelini, Gabriela and Higi, Leonard and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias and Klaperski, Daniel and Popiolek, Roy and Tauch, Anne and Michel, Antje}, title = {Developing a stakeholder-centric simulation tool to support integrated mobility planning}, series = {Advances in Social Simulation}, booktitle = {Advances in Social Simulation}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-92843-8}, issn = {2213-8692}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-92843-8_6}, pages = {65 -- 78}, abstract = {Simulation tools aimed at enhancing cross-sectoral cooperation can support the transition from a traditional transport planning approach based on predictions towards more integrated and participatory urban mobility planning. This shift entails a broader appraisal of urban dynamics and transformations in the policy framework, capitalizing on new developments in urban modelling. In this paper, we argue that participatory social simulation can be used to solve these emerging challenges in mobility planning. We identify the functionalities that such a tool should have when supporting integrated mobility planning. Drawing on a transdisciplinary case study situated in Potsdam, Germany, we address through interviews and workshops stakeholders' needs and expectations and present the requirements of an actionable tool for practitioners. As a result, we present three main challenges for participatory, simulation-based transport planning, including: (1) enhancement of the visioning process by testing stakeholders' ideas under different scenarios and conditions to visualise complex urban relationships; (2) promotion of collective exchange as means to support stakeholder communication; and (3) credibility increase by early stakeholder engagement with model development. We discuss how our participatory modelling approach helps us to better understand the gaps in the knowledge of the planning process and present the coming steps of the project.}, subject = {Mobilit{\"a}t 4.0}, language = {en} } @article{SchauenburgAmbrasatSchroederetal., author = {Schauenburg, Gesche and Ambrasat, Jens and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias and von Scheve, Christian and Conrad, Markus}, title = {Emotional connotations of words related to authority and community}, series = {Behavior Research Methods}, volume = {47}, journal = {Behavior Research Methods}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York, NY}, issn = {1554-3528}, doi = {10.3758/s13428-014-0494-7}, pages = {720 -- 735}, abstract = {We present a database of 858 German words from the semantic fields of authority and community, which represent core dimensions of human sociality. The words were selected on the basis of co-occurrence profiles of representative keywords for these semantic fields. All words were rated along five dimensions, each measured by a bipolar semantic-differential scale: Besides the classic dimensions of affective meaning (valence, arousal, and potency), we collected ratings of authority and community with newly developed scales. The results from cluster, correlational, and multiple regression analyses on the rating data suggest a robust negativity bias for authority valuation among German raters recruited via university mailing lists, whereas community ratings appear to be rather unrelated to the well-established affective dimensions. Furthermore, our data involve a strong overall negative correlation—rather than the classical U-shaped distribution—between valence and arousal for socially relevant concepts. Our database provides a valuable resource for research questions at the intersection of cognitive neuroscience and social psychology. It can be downloaded as supplemental materials with this article.}, subject = {Konnotation}, language = {en} } @article{AmbrasatvonScheveConradetal., author = {Ambrasat, Jens and von Scheve, Christian and Conrad, Markus and Schauenburg, Gesche and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias}, title = {Consensus and stratification in the affective meaning of human sociality}, series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, volume = {111}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, number = {22}, publisher = {NAS}, address = {Washington, DC}, issn = {0027-8424}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1313321111}, pages = {8001 -- 8006}, abstract = {We investigate intrasocietal consensus and variation in affective meanings of concepts related to authority and community, two elementary forms of human sociality. Survey participants (n = 2,849) from different socioeconomic status (SES) groups in German society provided ratings of 909 social concepts along three basic dimensions of affective meaning. Results show widespread consensus on these meanings within society and demonstrate that a meaningful structure of socially shared knowledge emerges from organizing concepts according to their affective similarity. The consensus finding is further qualified by evidence for subtle systematic variation along SES differences. In relation to affectively neutral words, high-status individuals evaluate intimacy-related and socially desirable concepts as less positive and powerful than middle- or low-status individuals, while perceiving antisocial concepts as relatively more threatening. This systematic variation across SES groups suggests that the affective meaning of sociality is to some degree a function of social stratification.}, subject = {Sozialverhalten}, language = {en} } @article{RogersSchroedervonScheve, author = {Rogers, Kimberly B. and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias and von Scheve, Christian}, title = {Dissecting the Sociality of Emotion}, series = {Emotion review : an international and interdisciplinary journal}, volume = {6}, journal = {Emotion review : an international and interdisciplinary journal}, number = {2}, publisher = {Sage}, address = {Los Angeles}, issn = {1754-0739}, doi = {10.1177/1754073913503383}, pages = {124 -- 133}, abstract = {In recent years, scholars have come to understand emotions as dynamic and socially constructed—the product of interdependent cultural, relational, situational, and biological influences. While researchers have called for a multilevel theory of emotion construction, any progress toward such a theory must overcome the fragmentation of relevant research across various disciplines and theoretical frameworks. We present affect control theory as a launching point for cross-disciplinary collaboration because of its empirically grounded conceptualization of social mechanisms operating at the interaction, relationship, and cultural levels, and its specification of processes linking social and individual aspects of emotion. After introducing the theory, we illustrate its correspondence with major theories of emotion construction framed at each of four analytical levels: cultural, interactional, individual, and neural.}, subject = {Gef{\"u}hl}, language = {en} } @article{RogersSchroedervonScheve, author = {Rogers, Kimberly B. and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias and von Scheve, Christian}, title = {Author Reply}, series = {Emotion Review}, volume = {6}, journal = {Emotion Review}, number = {2}, publisher = {Sage}, address = {Thousand Oaks, Calif.}, issn = {1754-0747}, doi = {10.1177/1754073913512007}, pages = {140 -- 141}, abstract = {We are pleased that all the commentators seem to agree that a theory-driven integration across disciplines is a worthwhile endeavor to better understand the social constitution of emotion. In our reply, we first take up the idea of relating affect control theory (ACT) to cultural priming and suggest links to an ACT-inspired constraint satisfaction explanation of priming. Second, we address reservations concerning ACT's capability to account for emotions with nonconceptual content and to explain stability and change in affective meanings. Third, we clarify the relation of affect control theory to psychological constructionism, in particular with regard to conceptualizations of culture and society. Finally, we suggest that computational models are an adequate tool to address multilevel issues in the study of emotion.}, subject = {Affekt}, language = {en} } @article{CombsDamettoBlaisonetal., author = {Combs, Aidan and Dametto, Diego and Blaison, Christophe and Leung, Renee and Malhotra, Aarti and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias and Hoey, Jesse and Smith-Lovin, Lynn}, title = {Affective connotations according to LLMs}, series = {Cognition and Emotion}, journal = {Cognition and Emotion}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis}, address = {London}, issn = {0269-9931}, doi = {10.1080/02699931.2025.2568551}, pages = {17}, abstract = {The affective connotations of words are central to meaning and important predictors of many social processes. As such, understanding the degree to which commercially-available generative language models (LLMs) replicate human judgements of affective connotations may help better understand human-model interactions. LLMs may also serve as useful tools for researchers seeking affective meaning estimates. We test the ability of three LLMs - GPT-4o, Mistral Large, and Llama 3.1 - to estimate human affective connotation ratings of words representing social identities, behaviours, modifiers, and settings in three language cultures: English (US), French (France), and German (Germany). We find that LLM ratings of terms correlate strongly with human ratings. However, their ratings tend to be overly extreme and patterns of correlations between meaning dimensions only loosely approximate those of human ratings. Consistent with previous findings of English-language and American biases in LLMs, we find that LLMs tend to perform better on English terms, though this pattern varies somewhat by meaning dimension and the type of term in question. We explore how LLMs might contribute to scholarship on affective connotations - by acting as tools for measurement - and how scholarship on affective connotations might contribute to generative language models - by guiding exploration of model biases.}, subject = {Affektivit{\"a}t}, language = {en} } @article{SzczepanskaPriebeHigietal., author = {Szczepanska, Timo and Priebe, Max and Higi, Leonard and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias}, title = {PaSyMo: Gamifying Communicative Urban Planning With Participatory Systems Modeling}, series = {Urban Planning}, volume = {11}, journal = {Urban Planning}, publisher = {Cogitatio Press}, address = {Lisbon}, issn = {2183-7635}, doi = {10.17645/up.10778}, pages = {20}, abstract = {Urban planning increasingly requires navigating complex socio-spatial dynamics and uncertainties, particularly when addressing social challenges where stakeholders hold diverse perspectives and knowledge. This article introduces PaSyMo (Participatory Systems Modeling), a gamified communication support system designed to assist urban planners in communicative and deliberative planning. PaSyMo integrates three conceptual pillars that guided its design: stakeholder engagement, participatory agent-based modeling (ABM), and visualization on tangible interfaces. The system combines a simulation environment grounded in geodata and ABM with discursive elements from scenario workshops and role-playing games, bridging digital and non-digital formats. PaSyMo contributes to the growing field of GAM research (Games and Agent-based Modeling; Szczepanska et al., 2022) by providing a framework that explores the integration of gaming mechanics with urban simulation tools, highlighting their potential to support sustainable urban planning. The approach draws from participatory modeling (Sterling et al., 2019; Voinov \& Bousquet, 2010) while leveraging state-of-the-art geospatial simulation and interactive interfaces to facilitate communication and co-production of knowledge among diverse stakeholders. Exploratory findings suggest that combining gaming experience with geospatial data visualization and ABM offers a promising approach to communicate the potential implications and trade-offs of urban planning initiatives. This integration enhances stakeholder engagement, promotes shared understanding, and supports consensus building. By making urban planning processes more interactive, PaSyMo can extend the impact of planning research beyond academic settings. Preliminary insights indicate that PaSyMo can enhance stakeholder understanding, knowledge integration, consensus-building, and proactive planning, especially in contexts of decision-making in complex and uncertain situations; however, these findings need to be substantiated in future studies.}, subject = {Modellierung}, language = {en} } @article{HigiSchroederWeidneretal., author = {Higi, Leonard and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias and Weidner, Silke and Neuroth, Heike}, title = {Taking stock of urban data governance in German small towns}, series = {Data \& Policy}, volume = {8}, journal = {Data \& Policy}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {2632-3249}, doi = {10.1017/dap.2025.10051}, pages = {22}, abstract = {As data are becoming increasingly important resources for municipal administrations in the context of urban development, formalization of urban data governance (DG) is considered a prerequisite to systematic municipal data practice for the common good. Unlike for larger cities, it is unclear how common such formalized DG is in rural districts and small towns. We therefore mapped the current status quo in small municipalities in Germany as a case exemplifying the broader phenomenon. We systematically searched online for policy documents on DG in all metropolitan regions, all rural districts, and a quota sample of nearly a sixth of all German small towns. We then performed content analysis of the identified documents along predefined categories of urban development. Results show that hardly any small towns dispose of relevant policy documents. Rural districts are somewhat more active in formally defining DG. Identified policy documents tend to address mostly economic activities, social infrastructure, and demography, whereas Housing and Urban design and public space are among the least mentioned categories of urban development.}, subject = {Deutschland}, language = {en} } @misc{HigiSchroederKonnerth, author = {Higi, Leonard and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias and Konnerth, Johanna}, title = {Datennutzung f{\"u}r nachhaltige Kommunalentwicklung}, series = {Analysen und Konzepte : lebensWerte Kommune}, volume = {2024}, journal = {Analysen und Konzepte : lebensWerte Kommune}, number = {2}, publisher = {Bertelsmann Stiftung}, address = {G{\"u}tersloh}, issn = {2748-7644}, doi = {10.11586/2025014}, pages = {24}, abstract = {Daten k{\"o}nnen Kommunen wesentlich bei der nachhaltigen Kommunalentwicklung unterst{\"u}tzen - ob als Planungsgrundlagen, in Entscheidungsprozessen oder im Rahmen von Beteiligungsformaten. Auch wenn es bereits ein breites Angebot an offenen Daten und an Werkzeugen zur Datenauswertung gibt, sehen sich gerade kleinere Kommunen erheblichen Herausforderungen unter anderem bei Zugang zu und Nutzung von Daten gegen{\"u}ber. Diese Ausgabe gibt einen einordnenden {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber Herausforderungen und stellt vor dem Hintergrund einer kommunalen Daten-Governance mit den Plattformen der Bertelsmann Stiftung sowie dem Projekt MOSIDI dreier brandenburgischer Hochschulen Anwendungen vor, die Kommunen einen einfachen Einstieg in die Datennutzung erm{\"o}glichen sollen. Der Einblick in Fallbeispiele zeigt m{\"o}gliche Einsatzfelder in der Praxis auf und soll dazu anregen, in der eigenen Kommune ins Tun zu kommen und das Potenzial von Daten f{\"u}r eine nachhaltige Kommunalentwicklung zu entdecken.}, subject = {Brandenburg}, language = {de} } @article{SchauenburgAryaniHsuetal., author = {Schauenburg, Gesche and Aryani, Arash and Hsu, Chun-Ting and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias and Conrad, Markus and von Scheve, Christian and Jacobs, Arthur M.}, title = {Conflict Detection in Language Processing: Using Affect Control Theory to Predict Neural Correlates of Affective Incongruency in Social Interactions}, series = {KZfSS K{\"o}lner Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie}, volume = {76}, journal = {KZfSS K{\"o}lner Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {0023-2653}, doi = {10.1007/s11577-024-00961-3}, pages = {603 -- 625}, abstract = {Affect control theory (ACT) is a sociological theory of meaning processing in social interactions. Meaning, according to ACT, derives from cultural institutions and situational affordances, having denotative (declarative) as well as connotative (affective) properties. Mathematical formalizations of ACT allow predictions of affective incongruency (in the terminology of ACT, deflection), which arises from conflicting institutional and situational meanings in a given interaction context. Although ACT is theoretically consistent, its propositions regarding cognitive and affective processing have rarely been tested. The present study fills this gap by investigating the neural processing of affective incongruency in linguistic descriptions of social interactions. Following a neurosociological paradigm, the study draws on neurocognitive evidence on the effects of words' affective content on word processing as well as on a previous electroencephalography study that investigated processing of affective incongruency using event-related brain potentials. We hypothesized that affective incongruency is associated with activation in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a brain area known for conflict processing. To test this hypothesis, we replicated the electroencephalography study using functional magnetic resonance imaging: We visually presented sentences describing social interactions to 23 participants in a silent reading task while measuring differences in the hemodynamic response in two conditions of affective congruency. Results show expected increases in neural activity for affectively incongruent sentences in the left ACC, supporting the assumption that affective language content influences meaning-making at very early semantic processing stages. The results also add to the emerging neuroscientific evidence for ACT's mathematical model of impression formation.}, subject = {Funktionelle Kernspintomografie}, language = {en} } @article{CunitzOrtmannsSchroederetal., author = {Cunitz, Carla and Ortmanns, Meike and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias and Hantzsche, Michael and Schiewe, Andr{\´e} and Nachtwei, Jens}, title = {Wenn KI mitarbeitet}, series = {Innovative Verwaltung : Das Fachmedium f{\"u}r erfolgreiches Verwaltungsmanagement}, volume = {2026}, journal = {Innovative Verwaltung : Das Fachmedium f{\"u}r erfolgreiches Verwaltungsmanagement}, number = {1-2}, publisher = {Springer Gabler}, address = {Wiesbaden}, issn = {1618-9876}, pages = {34 -- 37}, abstract = {In einem Forschungsprojekt in Berlin und Potsdam wurde untersucht, wie Mitarbeitende K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz (KI) in ihrer t{\"a}glichen Arbeit wahrnehmen und welche Erwartungen sie an smarte Tools haben. Die Studie zeigt, dass 58 Prozent der Besch{\"a}ftigten KI positiv sehen und sich vor allem Entlastung bei Routineaufgaben erhoffen. Besonders beliebt sind KI-Tools wie ChatGPT, Microsoft Copilot und Perplexity, die bei Texterstellung, Recherche und Datenanalyse unterst{\"u}tzen. Die Ergebnisse der Studie fließen in ein Kooperationsprojekt zur Gestaltung zukunftsf{\"a}higer Arbeitswelten ein. In Workshops wurden konkrete KI-Nutzungsszenarien f{\"u}r die Verwaltungspraxis erarbeitet, darunter die Durchsuchbarkeit von Dienstvorschriften, KI-basierte Texterstellung und ein intelligenter B{\"u}rgerservice-Chatbot. Die Einf{\"u}hrung von KI erfordert Transparenz, Weiterbildung, konkrete Anwendungsfelder und Partizipation der Mitarbeitenden. Durch positive Erfahrungen mit KI-Anwendungen kann die Akzeptanz f{\"u}r komplexere Technologien gesteigert werden. Die Studie bietet eine Blaupause f{\"u}r andere Kommunen und zeigt, wie KI gezielt und mitarbeitendenorientiert eingesetzt werden kann, um greifbaren Mehrwert f{\"u}r die Verwaltungsarbeit zu schaffen.}, subject = {Arbeit}, language = {de} } @unpublished{DamettoVieiraNoeletal., author = {Dametto, Diego and Vieira, Luc and No{\"e}l, Tania and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias and Aelenei, Crisitina and Blaison, Christophe}, title = {The affective and linguistic roots of gender stereotypes}, doi = {10.31234/osf.io/h945z}, pages = {78}, abstract = {This paper compares the affective meanings attributed to feminine and masculine versions of the same social categories. We collected semantic differential ratings for 192 pairs of masculine and feminine social categories from two representative samples of n = 700 French and n = 700 German participants. We investigated how lexical and grammatical gender influences the affective meaning of social categories on Osgood's dimensions of evaluation, potency, and activity, as well as how differences in affective meaning are related to known gender stereotypes. Our results suggest that gender does produce only small effects. However, they are not randomly distributed and consistent with well-known gender stereotypes. The results enrich social psychological research on gender as well as the cultural debate on the use of gender-fair language in grammatically gendered languages by providing a more nuanced assessment of the affective roots of gender stereotypes conveyed by language.}, subject = {Deutsch}, language = {en} } @article{ObermeierSchroederRoechertetal., author = {Obermeier, Sigrid and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias and R{\"o}chert, Tanja and Burdack, Doreen}, title = {Das Qualifizierungsprogramm kommunale Smart-City-Manager}, series = {Transforming cities : urbane Systeme im Wandel : das technisch-wissenschaftliche Fachmagazin}, volume = {10}, journal = {Transforming cities : urbane Systeme im Wandel : das technisch-wissenschaftliche Fachmagazin}, number = {4}, publisher = {Trialog Publishers}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, issn = {2366-7281}, doi = {10.24053/TC-2025-0074}, pages = {38 -- 43}, abstract = {Smart-City-Manager {\"u}bernehmen in Kommunen eine Querschnittsrolle als Generalisten, Innovationstreiber und Br{\"u}ckenbauer, eine entsprechende Ausbildung f{\"u}r kommunale Angestellte fehlte zu Projektbeginn. Der Beitrag beschreibt die Entwicklung eines Programmes in einer Kooperation aus Verwaltung, Wirtschaft und Wissenschaft. Entwickelt auf Basis einer Bedarfsanalyse, als Pilotprojekt in drei Staffeln durchgef{\"u}hrt und in einem agilen Prozess wissenschaftlich begleitet und evaluiert, konnte das Schulungskonzept im Anschluss in ein bundesweites Angebot {\"u}berf{\"u}hrt werden.}, subject = {F{\"u}hrungskraft}, language = {de} }