@article{HildebrandtGlauer, author = {Hildebrandt, Frauke and Glauer, Ramiro}, title = {Singular reference : the turn to propositional thinking}, series = {Grazer Philosophische Studien : International Journal for Analytic Philosophy}, volume = {99}, journal = {Grazer Philosophische Studien : International Journal for Analytic Philosophy}, number = {2}, publisher = {Brill}, address = {Leiden}, issn = {0165-9227}, doi = {10.1163/18756735-00000164}, pages = {159 -- 185}, abstract = {The ability to refer to objects - singular reference - is arguably the decisive innovation on the way to human propositional cognition. This article argues that object individuation requires singular reference because basic singular terms, namely spatial indexicals, provide a symbolic frame of reference for object individuation. The authors suggest that singular reference is intrinsically connected to essential characteristics of propositionality: among other things, it guarantees the situation-independence of meaning, allows for the distinction between truth and falsehood, and enables us to think about possibilities. The authors sketch how singular reference gives rise to the development of predication, the powerful logical tool of quantification, and forms the basis for differentiating between belief and desire.}, subject = {Aussagenlogik}, language = {en} } @article{WronskiHernikDaum, author = {Wronski, Caroline and Hernik, Mikolaj and Daum, Moritz M.}, title = {Prior action direction of a novel agent cues spatial atention in 7-month-old infants}, series = {Swiss Psychology Open}, volume = {2}, journal = {Swiss Psychology Open}, number = {1}, address = {Bern}, organization = {Swiss Psychological Society (SPS)}, doi = {10.5334/spo.38}, pages = {1 -- 15}, abstract = {The present study investigated whether 7-month-old infants attribute directionality to an object after having observed it engage in agentive behavior and whether they maintain this attribution even when the agent is presented statically. Infants were familiarized with an object displaying either agentive behavioral cues (self-propelled, context-sensitive movement) or non-agentive motion (the same movement pattern caused by external factors). In a subsequent spatial-cueing procedure, the agent was displayed statically at the center of the screen. Gaze latencies were assessed for targets appearing at a location congruent or incongruent with the position of the agent's formerly leading end. Only infants that had observed the object move in an agentive manner showed shorter gaze latencies for congruent compared to incongruent targets, suggesting facilitation of attention toward a location congruent with the agent's prior action direction. Results provide evidence that infants attribute directionality to novel agents based on behavioral agency cues, that this directional representation is maintained even when the agent is stationary, and that it guides infants' covert attention.}, subject = {Kleinkind}, language = {en} } @article{Liebel, author = {Liebel, Manfred}, title = {Economic and Labour Rights}, series = {Nordic Journal of Human Rights}, volume = {39}, journal = {Nordic Journal of Human Rights}, number = {2}, publisher = {Taylor and Francis}, address = {London}, issn = {1891-814X}, doi = {10.1080/18918131.2021.2001162}, pages = {163 -- 179}, abstract = {This author discusses the question whether children have economic and labour rights, and if so, what that means in practice. With regard to international law, he clarifies the relationship between different areas of law and the relationship between various legal concepts that are relevant to the protection of children's economic and labour rights. More specifically, he explores the relationship between human rights in general and children's rights in particular, as well as the relationship between economic and social rights, human and labour rights, and legal and moral rights. Next, he focuses on working children and their associations and which economic and labour rights they consider necessary. Furthermore, he discusses how these rights are, or should be, reflected in international law and in national legislation. Finally, the key obstacles in protecting children's economic and labour rights in international law are discussed, i.e. what practical difficulties are to be overcome on the ground in order to realise and bring to life the economic and labour rights of children.}, subject = {Internationales Wirtschaftsrecht}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ImaiSajiGrosseetal., author = {Imai, Mutsumi and Saji, Noburo and Große, Gerlind and Schulze, Cornelia and Asano, Michiko and Saalbach, Henrik}, title = {General mechanisms of color lexicon acquisition : insights from comparison of German and Japanese speaking children}, series = {Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society}, organization = {Cognitive Science Society}, pages = {3315 -- 3320}, abstract = {This research investigated how German-speaking children learn color words, both in terms of centroid mappings and boundary delineation, and how they construct the color lexicon as a connected system. The results were compared to those of Japanese children to draw insights on general mechanisms that underlie the acquisition of words in the color lexicon. For both languages, input frequency and category size contributed to the ease of learning. In contrast, in both language groups, naming (in)consistency in adults predicted the adult-like boundary delineation.}, subject = {Kindersprache}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RitterMorganKim, author = {Ritter, Frank E. and Morgan, Jonathan H. and Kim, Jong W.}, title = {Practical Advice on How to Run Human Behavioral Studies}, series = {Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society}, organization = {Cognitive Science Society}, pages = {15 -- 16}, subject = {Experimentelle Psychologie}, language = {en} } @article{HoeyMacKinnonSchroeder, author = {Hoey, Jesse and MacKinnon, Neil J. and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias}, title = {Denotative and connotative management of uncertainty}, series = {Judgment and Decision Making}, volume = {16}, journal = {Judgment and Decision Making}, number = {2}, publisher = {Society for Judgment and Decision Making}, issn = {1930-2975}, doi = {10.1017/S1930297500008652}, pages = {505 -- 550}, abstract = {The interplay between intuitive and deliberative processing is known to be important for human decision making. As independent modes, intuitive processes can take on many forms from associative to constructive, while deliberative processes often rely on some notion of decision theoretic rationality or pattern matching. Dual process models attempt to unify these two modes based on parallel constraint networks or on socially or emotionally oriented adjustments to utility functions. This paper presents a new kind of dual process model that unifies decision theoretic deliberative reasoning with intuitive reasoning based on shared cultural affective meanings in a single Bayesian sequential model. Agents constructed according to this unified model are motivated by a combination of affective alignment (intuitive) and decision theoretic reasoning (deliberative), trading the two off as a function of the uncertainty or unpredictability of the situation. The model also provides a theoretical bridge between decision-making research and sociological symbolic interactionism. Starting with a high-level view of existing models, we advance Bayesian Affect Control Theory (BayesACT) as a promising new type of dual process model that explicitly and optimally (in the Bayesian sense) trades off motivation, action, beliefs and utility. We demonstrate a key component of the model as being sufficient to account for some aspects of classic cognitive biases about fairness and dissonance, and outline how this new theory relates to parallel constraint satisfaction models.}, subject = {Zwei-Prozess-Modell}, language = {en} } @article{DewitzAckermann, author = {Dewitz, Leyla and Ackermann, Judith}, title = {Anxiety-Related Content on Instagram and Twitter: A Mixed Methods Analysis of Mental Health Communication and Information Sharing}, address = {Potsdam}, doi = {10.34678/opus4-3220}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:525-32201}, pages = {1 -- 28}, abstract = {Approximately four percent of the world's population suffers from anxiety disorders. This makes anxiety disorders one of the most common mental illnesses and a significant global health concern. As social media is a primary source of health information and communication, this study aims at investigating how the hashtag \#anxiety is used on Twitter and Instagram. The hashtag \#anxiety was chosen because it is commonly used by the social media community to post or tweet about anxiety disorders, such as social anxiety, thus providing broad access to the data. We followed a quantitative approach and gathered open data from December 24th, 2019 to January 1st, 2020. Furthermore, we used a qualitative content analysis to detect topics and patterns within the data. Coding focused on identifying goals, motivations, and feelings concerning anxiety (disorders) and information sharing. Findings show that content and appearance of posts are strongly shaped by characteristics of the platforms. Additionally, the results unveil that both platforms serve as mediua for sharing information regarding mental health matters, such as personal experiences, challenges, and coping strategies, thereby cultivating a sense of community and support among users dealing with comparable issues. Twitter predominantly functions for real-time updates, in-situ interactions, and emergency communication, while Instagram's visual nature appears to offer a venue for creative expression through images and captions, illuminating the emotional and personal narratives of mental health journeys.}, subject = {Psychische Gesundheit}, language = {en} } @article{FlechtnerDewitzMaueetal., author = {Flechtner, Rahel and Dewitz, Leyla and Mau{\´e}, Rahel and Tost, Jordi and Schuster, Paula L. and Ackermann, Judith and Heidmann, Frank}, title = {Facing fears, facing opportunities: Lessons learned from a participatory design format with people affected by social anxiety}, address = {Potsdam}, doi = {10.34678/opus4-3116}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:525-31168}, pages = {1 -- 19}, abstract = {Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed anxiety disorders and a health concern that has a significant impact on the affected individuals' quality of life. Although there is a need to develop methods and tools to support those affected by SAD, it is especially challenging to conduct participatory design with this psychologically vulnerable group of people. This paper presents the design, implementation and evaluation of a participatory format built on a toolkit, a cultural probe and an online prototyping workshop to gain insights into the challenges and needs experienced in the everyday lives of those affected by severe social anxiety. We provide the theoretical framework for designing a participatory format for this vulnerable group, introduce and discuss our methodological approach, and present the lessons learned from implementing and evaluating the format in two workshop sessions with a total of 15 participants.}, subject = {Angstst{\"o}rung}, language = {en} } @article{HildebrandtLonnemannGlauer, author = {Hildebrandt, Frauke and Lonnemann, Jan and Glauer, Ramiro}, title = {Why Not Just Features? Reconsidering Infants' Behavior in Individuation Tasks}, series = {Frontiers in Psychology}, volume = {11}, journal = {Frontiers in Psychology}, number = {Okt.}, publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2020.564807}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:525-24896}, pages = {9}, abstract = {It counts as empirically proven that infants can individuate objects. Object individuation is assumed to be fundamental in the development of infants' ontology within the object-first account. It crucially relies on an object-file (OF) system, representing both spatiotemporal ("where") and categorical ("what") information about objects as solid, cohesive bodies moving continuously in space and time. However, infants' performance in tasks requiring them to use featural information to detect individuation violations appears to be at odds with the object-first account. In such cases, infants do not appear to be able to develop correct expectations about the numerosity of objects. Recently, proponents of the object-first account proposed that these individuation failures result from integration errors between the OF system and an additional physical reasoning system. We are going to argue that the predictions of a feature-based physical-reasoning (PR) system are sufficient for explaining infants' behavior. The striking predictive power of the PR system calls into question the relevance of the OF system and, thereby, challenges the assumption that infants can individuate objects early on.}, subject = {Individuation}, language = {en} } @techreport{HoeyNagappanRogersetal., author = {Hoey, Jesse and Nagappan, Meiyappan and Rogers, Kimberly B. and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias and Dametto, Diego and De Zoysa, Nalin and Iyer, Rahul and Morgan, Jonathan H. and Rishi, Deepak and Sirianni, Antonio D. and Yun, Seonghu and Zhao, Jun and Z{\"o}ller, Nikolas}, title = {Theoretical and Empirical Modeling of Identity and Sentiments in Collaborative Groups}, doi = {10.31235/osf.io/4hukx}, pages = {1 -- 36}, abstract = {Theoretical and Empirical Modeling of Identity and Sentiments in Collaborative Groups (THEMIS.COG) was an interdisciplinary research collaboration of computer scientists and social scientists from the University of Waterloo (Canada), Potsdam University of Applied Sciences (Germany), and Dartmouth College (USA). This white paper summarizes the results of our research at the end of the grant term. Funded by the Trans-Atlantic Platform's Digging Into Data initiative, the project aimed at theoretical and empirical modeling of identity and sentiments in collaborative groups. Understanding the social forces behind self-organized collaboration is important because technological and social innovations are increasingly generated through informal, distributed processes of collaboration, rather than in formal organizational hierarchies or through market forces. Our work used a data-driven approach to explore the social psychological mechanisms that motivate such collaborations and determine their success or failure. We focused on the example of GitHub, the world's current largest digital platform for open, collaborative software development. In contrast to most, purely inductive contemporary approaches leveraging computational techniques for social science, THEMIS.COG followed a deductive, theory-driven approach. We capitalized on affect control theory, a mathematically formalized theory of symbolic interaction originated by sociologist David R. Heise and further advanced in previous work by some of the THEMIS.COG collaborators, among others. Affect control theory states that people control their social behaviours by intuitively attempting to verify culturally shared feelings about identities, social roles, and behaviour settings. From this principle, implemented in computational simulation models, precise predictions about group dynamics can be derived. It was the goal of THEMIS.COG to adapt and apply this approach to study the GitHub collaboration ecosystem through a symbolic interactionist lens. The project contributed substantially to the novel endeavor of theory development in social science based on large amounts of naturally occurring digital data.}, subject = {Computational social science}, language = {en} }