@article{Moore2020, author = {Moore, Richard}, title = {The cultural evolution of mind-modelling}, series = {Synthese}, volume = {199}, journal = {Synthese}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1573-0964}, doi = {10.1007/s11229-020-02853-3}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:525-25865}, pages = {1751 -- 1776}, year = {2020}, abstract = {I argue that uniquely human forms of 'Theory of Mind' (or 'ToM') are a product of cultural evolution. Specifically, propositional attitude psychology is a linguistically constructed folk model of the human mind, invented by our ancestors for a range of tasks and refined over successive generations of users. The construction of these folk models gave humans new tools for thinking and reasoning about mental states—and so imbued us with abilities not shared by non-linguistic species. I also argue that uniquely human forms of ToM are not required for language development, such that an account of the cultural origins of ToM does not jeopardise the explanation of language development. Finally, I sketch a historical model of the cultural evolution of mental state talk.}, subject = {Kulturelle Evolution}, language = {en} } @article{ZoellerMorganSchroeder, author = {Z{\"o}ller, Nikolas and Morgan, Jonathan Howard and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias}, title = {A topology of groups}, series = {Technological Forecasting and Social Change}, volume = {161}, journal = {Technological Forecasting and Social Change}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1873-5509}, doi = {10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120291}, pages = {19}, abstract = {In this work, we study the collaboration patterns of open source software projects on GitHub by analyzing the pull request submissions and acceptances of repositories. We develop a group typology based on the structural properties of the corresponding directed graphs, and analyze how the topology is connected to the repositorys collective identity, hierarchy, productivity, popularity, resilience and stability. These analyses indicate significant differences between group types and thereby provide valuable insights on how to effectively organize collaborative software development. Identifying the mechanisms that underlie self-organized collaboration on digital platforms is important not just to better understand open source software development but also all other decentralized and digital work environments, a setting widely regarded as a key feature of the future work place.}, subject = {GitHub}, language = {en} } @article{LuthardtSchroederHildebrandtetal., author = {Luthardt, Jasmin and Schr{\"o}der, Tobias and Hildebrandt, Frauke and Bormann, Inka}, title = {"And then we'll just check if it suits us" : cognitive-affective maps of social innovation in early childhood education}, series = {Frontiers in Education}, volume = {5}, journal = {Frontiers in Education}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {2504-284X}, doi = {10.3389/feduc.2020.00033}, pages = {19}, abstract = {The idea that a simple execution of an innovation invented by actors other than those who are expected to apply it is not likely to take place is a truism. We assume, however, in this paper the idea of a discursive production of knowledge on the application of an innovation across different levels of the education system. We aim to shed light on an innovation's 'journey' from educational policy over training providers to teams of professionals in early childhood education and care (ECEC). By investigating knowledge and emotions associated with the introduction of an intended innovation using the example of "stimulation interactions" in day care-centers, the paper contributes to research on the transfer of innovations in education. To better understand challenges occurring during the transfer of innovations, we triangulate methods from discourse theory (coding techniques based on GTM) and cognitive science, namely cognitive-affective mapping (according to the scholarly conventions). The data corpus includes educational plans (N = 2), in-service training programs (N = 123) and group discussions of pedagogical teams (N = 6) who participated in an in-service training on the subject, stimulating interaction. Findings underline that similar messages from the inventors on the educational policy level are received and processed heterogeneously by the teams of pedagogues as a result of their preexisting views, routine practices and experiences with intended innovations through in-service trainings. Besides, a diffuse mixture of competing and contradictory information is communicated to the professionals and, hence, collides with the in-service training providers' and educational policy actors' expectations on the processing of the intended innovation. Specific knowledge elements and their valences are diametrically opposed to each other. Dissonances like these are considered as obstacles to social innovation. The obstacles are caused by the lack of a 'common language' beyond all levels. Hence, policy-makers and in-service-training providers should anticipate the supportive as well as competing knowledge-emotional complexes of professionals and take these into account when communicating an intended innovation.}, subject = {Sozialinnovation}, language = {en} } @article{HildebrandtMusholt, author = {Hildebrandt, Frauke and Musholt, Kristina}, title = {Teaching rationality : sustained shared thinking as a means for learning to navigate the space of reasons}, series = {Journal of Philosophy of Education}, volume = {54}, journal = {Journal of Philosophy of Education}, number = {3}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Malden, Mass.}, issn = {1467-9752}, doi = {10.1111/1467-9752.12407}, pages = {582 -- 599}, abstract = {Human thought can be characterised as being situated in the 'space of reasons'. That is to say that human thought is guided by the norms of theoretical and practical rationality which, in turn, enable autonomous thinking. But how do children learn to navigate the space of reasons? Building on the work of Tugendhat and Bakhurst, among others, we argue, first, that this process involves the acquisition of propositional thought and that it is an essentially social one in which both children and adults take an active role. Second, and more specifically, by drawing on Brandom's theory of meaning, we provide a philosophical analysis of empirical findings with respect to the efficacy of 'Sustained Shared Thinking' (SST) in early educational settings. We argue that the efficacy of SST is based on its emphasising, modelling and practising those elements of communication that are essential for gaining proficiency in 'playing the game of giving and asking for reasons', namely drawing inferences between propositions and concepts and providing justifications for one's assertions. This is achieved by making explicit the inferential relationships between concepts and propositions and by the use of modal and doxastic markers that function as an invitation to a joint search for reasons.}, subject = {Denken}, language = {en} } @article{AckermannDewitz, author = {Ackermann, Judith and Dewitz, Leyla}, title = {Kreative Bearbeitung politischer Information auf TikTok}, series = {MedienP{\"a}dagogik : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Theorie und Praxis der Medienbildung}, journal = {MedienP{\"a}dagogik : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Theorie und Praxis der Medienbildung}, number = {38}, publisher = {Z{\"u}rich}, organization = {Stiftung Pestalozzianum}, issn = {1424-3636}, doi = {10.21240/mpaed/38/2020.11.16.X}, pages = {69 -- 93}, abstract = {Der vorliegende Artikel befasst sich mit politischer Information auf der Mikro-Video-Plattform TikTok ausgehend von dem Hashtag \#ww3, welches im Januar 2020 im Zusammenhang mit einem vermeintlichen Ausbruch eines 3. Weltkriegs grosse Popularit{\"a}t erhielt, nachdem US-Pr{\"a}sident Donald Trump einem von den USA gef{\"u}hrten Drohnenangriff zugestimmt hatte, bei dem Irans General Qassem Soleimani get{\"o}tet wurde. Auf Basis von 1373 entsprechend verschlagworteten Videos inklusive Captions wird multimethodisch analysiert, inwiefern Nutzende die unterschiedlichen kommunikativen Ebenen, die das Netzwerk bereit h{\"a}lt, verwenden, um - ausgehend von einem konkreten Thema - pers{\"o}nliche Bez{\"u}ge, Gedanken und Einstellungen zu diesem zu verhandeln. Die quantitative Auswertung zeigt, dass der Wunsch nach Viralit{\"a}t und Sichtbarkeit zwar einen hohen Stellenwert f{\"u}r Nutzende auf TikTok hat, Videos und Captions aber auch intensiv genutzt werden, um sich mit politischen Themen und Fragestellungen auseinanderzusetzen. Auf welche Weise dies geschieht, wird im Rahmen des qualitativen, inhaltsanalytischen Teils der Studie betrachtet. Als gestalterische Mittel zur kreativen Bearbeitung politischer Information lassen sich dabei u.a. die Transformation bzw. der Plot-Twist in der Narration der Videos sehen, die semantische Kl{\"a}rung durch Text-Insertierungen, der Wunsch, eine prim{\"a}re Lesart f{\"u}r das eigene Video vorzuschlagen und die ironische {\"U}berh{\"o}hung zur Distanzierung von eigenem Content oder emotionalen Triggern.}, subject = {Social Media}, language = {de} } @article{Ackermann, author = {Ackermann, Judith}, title = {Spielende postdigitale K{\"o}rper}, series = {Navigationen : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Medien- und Kulturwissenschaften}, volume = {20}, journal = {Navigationen : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Medien- und Kulturwissenschaften}, number = {1}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Siegen}, address = {Siegen}, issn = {1619-1641}, doi = {10.25969/mediarep/14335}, pages = {53 -- 69}, abstract = {Im Zentrum des Artikels steht das Konzept des postdigitalen K{\"o}rpers, welches den Status des Menschen nach der Digitalisierung und die vielf{\"a}ltigen Verschmelzungen zwischen Lebewesen und Technik beschreibt. Vollst{\"a}ndig nicht-digitale Erfahrungen sind kaum mehr m{\"o}glich, das Hybride ist zum Normalzustand geworden. Allein das Smartphone erzeugt best{\"a}ndig neue Koppelungen zwischen digitalen und physischen Ebenen, die {\"u}ber den K{\"o}rper als Interface verbunden werden. Anwendungen, die diese Verkoppelungen adressieren, verfolgen menschliche Aktivit{\"a}ten zum Teil, um sie besser verstehen zu k{\"o}nnen, gestatten aber auch Eingriffe in und Anst{\"o}ße f{\"u}r spezifische Handlungsweisen. Letzteres ist im LBMG (Location Based Mobile Game) der Fall, welches auf Basis der Spielregeln, Menschen dazu bringt, sich an bestimmte Orte zu begeben und spezifische Handlungen auszu{\"u}ben. Der postdigitale K{\"o}rper wird so zum Spielmaterial, wenngleich die digitale Orchestrierung meist unbewusst bleibt. Am Beispiel k{\"u}nstlerischer LBMGs wird gezeigt, wie diese die Chance bieten, den postdigitalen K{\"o}rper haptisch erfahrbar zu machen, kritisch zu reflektieren und zu einem bewussteren Umgang mit entsprechenden Technologien zu f{\"u}hren.}, subject = {K{\"o}rper}, language = {de} } @article{Liebel, author = {Liebel, Manfred}, title = {Solidarische Hilfe?}, series = {Sozial extra}, volume = {44}, journal = {Sozial extra}, number = {6}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1863-8953}, doi = {10.1007/s12054-020-00327-x}, pages = {334 -- 337}, abstract = {Der Autor zeigt an Beispielen aus der Praxis der Sozialarbeit, dass Kinderrechte nur dann als Leitlinie einer solidarischen Praxis dienen k{\"o}nnen, wenn der Lebenskontext der Kinder und ihre Sichtweisen beachtet werden und sie die M{\"o}glichkeit haben, das „letzte Wort" zu behalten.}, subject = {Kind}, language = {de} } @article{HildebrandtLonnemannGlauer, author = {Hildebrandt, Frauke and Lonnemann, Jan and Glauer, Ramiro}, title = {Why Not Just Features? Reconsidering Infants' Behavior in Individuation Tasks}, series = {Frontiers in Psychology}, volume = {11}, journal = {Frontiers in Psychology}, number = {Okt.}, publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2020.564807}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:525-24896}, pages = {9}, abstract = {It counts as empirically proven that infants can individuate objects. Object individuation is assumed to be fundamental in the development of infants' ontology within the object-first account. It crucially relies on an object-file (OF) system, representing both spatiotemporal ("where") and categorical ("what") information about objects as solid, cohesive bodies moving continuously in space and time. However, infants' performance in tasks requiring them to use featural information to detect individuation violations appears to be at odds with the object-first account. In such cases, infants do not appear to be able to develop correct expectations about the numerosity of objects. Recently, proponents of the object-first account proposed that these individuation failures result from integration errors between the OF system and an additional physical reasoning system. We are going to argue that the predictions of a feature-based physical-reasoning (PR) system are sufficient for explaining infants' behavior. The striking predictive power of the PR system calls into question the relevance of the OF system and, thereby, challenges the assumption that infants can individuate objects early on.}, subject = {Individuation}, language = {en} } @article{StreubelGunzenhauserGrosseetal., author = {Streubel, Berit and Gunzenhauser, Catherine and Große, Gerlind and Saalbach, Henrik}, title = {Emotion-specific vocabulary and its contribution to emotion understanding in 4- to 9-year-old children}, series = {Journal of Experimental Child Psychology}, volume = {193}, journal = {Journal of Experimental Child Psychology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0022-0965}, doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2019.104790}, abstract = {Positive associations between children's general language skills and emotion understanding are well documented. Concurrently, research from other domains highlights the importance of domain-specific language skills for conceptual development. The current study examined the relative contributions of emotion-specific and general vocabulary to individual differences in multiple early-acquired components of emotion understanding (e.g., facial emotion recognition) and later-acquired components (e.g., knowledge of emotion regulation strategies) in 4- to 9-year-old children (N = 86). Emotion-specific vocabulary was measured by size (i.e., number of emotion words children use) and depth (i.e., adult-like use of emotion words). Findings emphasize the role of children's emotion-specific vocabulary rather than general vocabulary for early-acquired and later-acquired components of emotion understanding, especially when measured by expressive tasks. At preschool age, the size of emotion-specific vocabulary explains children's knowledge of emotion regulation strategies. In primary school, however, the depth of emotion-specific vocabulary becomes relevant for individual differences in emotion understanding.}, subject = {Sprachkompetenz}, language = {en} } @article{HildebrandtGlauerKachel, author = {Hildebrandt, Frauke and Glauer, Ramiro and Kachel, Gregor}, title = {Coming from a world without objects}, series = {Mind \& Language}, volume = {37}, journal = {Mind \& Language}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley Blackwell Publishing Ltd}, address = {Oxford, UK}, doi = {10.1111/mila.12313}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:525-25000}, pages = {159 -- 176}, abstract = {While research on object individuation assumes that even very young children are able to perceive objects as particulars, we argue that the results of relevant studies can be explained in terms of feature discrimination. We propose that children start out navigating the world with a feature-based ontology and only later become able to individuate objects spatiotemporally. Furthermore, object individuation is a cognitively demanding achievement resting on a uniquely human form of enculturation, namely the acquisition of deictic demonstratives. We conclude by outlining empirical expectations for operationalizations of our proposal.}, language = {en} } @article{EggerAckermann, author = {Egger, Benjamin and Ackermann, Judith}, title = {Meta-curating : online exhibitions questioning curatorial practices in the postdigital age}, series = {International Journal for Digital Art History}, volume = {2020}, journal = {International Journal for Digital Art History}, number = {5}, address = {Heidelberg}, organization = {Heidelberg University Library}, issn = {2363-5401}, doi = {10.11588/dah.2020.5.72123}, pages = {18 -- 35}, abstract = {Curatorial activities provide (infra)structure and meaning to artworks through the selection and combination of different pieces and their public display. Therefore the way context is added shapes people's perspective towards art. (Post-)digital art and online exhibitions come with specific constraints concerning curation and have a potential to overcome the hierarchies between curators, artists and visitors. In discussing selected digital exhibition formats from the 1990s until today, the article illustrates how the genre has evolved in response to technological changes and concepts of democratization as well as user involvement. Looking at the online exhibition "UN/NATURAL SURROGATES" (2019) the article opens up a perspective towards meta-curating that allows to conceive (online) exhibitions as a means of reflecting on curatorial processes in the postdigital era.}, subject = {Virtuelle Ausstellung}, language = {en} } @article{AckermannDewitz, author = {Ackermann, Judith and Dewitz, Leyla}, title = {Soziale Medien als Mittel der Krisenbew{\"a}ltigung}, series = {Medien + Erziehung}, volume = {2020}, journal = {Medien + Erziehung}, number = {4}, publisher = {Kopaed Verlagsgmbh}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, issn = {0176-4918}, pages = {19 -- 26}, abstract = {Welche Potenziale hat TikTok f{\"u}r die individuelle und gesellschaftliche Bew{\"a}ltigung der Corona-Pandemie? In einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse von 100 Videos unter \#Corona wurden zentrale Narrative in Bezug auf digitales Storytelling herausgearbeitet und aus psychologischer Perspektive auf m{\"o}gliche Coping-Strategien untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen die meist unbewusste Auseinandersetzung mit pers{\"o}nlichen Bed{\"u}rfnissen und M{\"o}glichkeiten korrektiver emotionaler Erfahrungen auf TikTok.}, subject = {Social Media}, language = {de} }