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Despite the increasing number of accidents in process industry caused by human error, there are still too few efforts devoted to this area. This is mainly caused by people's tendency to overestimate human's capability in interacting with their working environment and moreover by the unavailability of reliable analysis methods.
Because of the current lack of adequate methods, human factors (HF) analysis is not widely performed in process industry. Some HF techniques developed in the process industry were examined regarding their practical applicability and were unfortunately proved to be unsuitable for an elaborate HF analysis. Therefore, a new approach was developed, which provides a systematic way in performing a qualitative HF analysis to achieve a safer operation and decrease the number of human failure events.
HF consideration during the design of a process plant is the key to minimize accidents caused by human error in process industry. Thus, an approach to incorporate HF into design phase is described in this article, which can help achieving a safer operation as early as possible with minimized costs. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 2009
Experimentelle Validierung einer optimalen Anfahrstrategie für hochrein trennende Bodenkolonnen
(2000)
Flexible startup, shutdown and product changeover procedures are necessary in today's chemical industry. The startup of chemical processes, such as distillation, represents one of the most complicated procedures in industrial practice. The computational and experimental results show that the optimal control policies can improve the operation performance with time saving of up to 45 %. This allows a significant reduction of energy and raw material consumption also and consequently can lead to a more economical process.
Dynamic optimization of processes in chemical industry became important in the last decade. Simulated annealing belongs to these optimization procedures, which allow to reach the global optimum, but are very time-consuming. In this paper, the simulated annealing algorithm has been formulated in a way to enable direct call of process simulators coded in the commercial simulation tool SPEEDUP. We apply simulated annealing for the determination of operation policies in a binary distillation. The developed approach allows the prediction of reflux flow rate and reboiler duty in order to minimize the operation time for product switchover of the column.
Copyright © 2000 Elsevier Science S.A.
Die dynamische Optimierung spielt eine wichtige Rolle für die wirtschaftliche Prozeßführung von thermischen Trennverfahren in der fettchemischen Industrie. In dieser Arbeit wird eine effiziente Methode zur Ermittlung optimaler Führungsstrategien für zwei verschiedene Destillationsprozesse vorgestellt. Für die Lösung der Optimierungsprobleme werden detaillierte Modelle verwendet und die ermittelten Strategien direkt an einer Laboranlage und einer Produktionsanlage realisiert. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse der Optimierung demonstrieren die Anwendbarkeit dieser Methode. Die Führungszeit kann durch eine Realisierung der optimalen Strategien erheblich reduziert werden.
Gesamtsystem Mensch und Maschine : Bewertung der Bediensicherheit einer verfahrenstechnischen Anlage
(2005)
For most separations fully thermally coupled distillation columns are thermodynamically more efficient than conventional arrangements. In spite of the superiority of double-effect distillation systems to a single column concerning energy savings these systems are not often used in the industrial practice, because of the disadvantages in dynamic operability. Generally the product switchover is a complicated and protracted operation, where many process variables must be changed simultaneously. The economic and ecological interest is to minimize the time of switchover periods, which are generally non-productive and require long times especially for coupled systems. The aim of this study is to reduce the time needed for the product switchover of coupled distillation systems. This paper presents a new product switchover strategy, which will lead to a time saving of 57%. Furthermore, a new startup strategy is developed and verified in experimental studies. The results demonstrate that using the optimized startup strategy a time saving of 57% can be achieved too and thereby these unproductive periods can be reduced significantly.
Copyright © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.
German safety regulations and best practices to prevent accidents regarding the Gumi accident
(2013)