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(2019)
Freezing of lakes is described using a simplified one-dimensional model, which gives ice thickness, ice growth rates, and ice surface temperature as a function of time. Model data for a specific lake with known meteorological conditions are compared to estimated ice thickness using a simple optical method. Finally, more advanced potential students projects are briefly discussed and results of a numerical solution are compared to the simplified model.
Water can exhibit many different colors due to a variety of physical properties. Here, we focus on some observable colors within very pure freshwater. We only treat the absorption of light due to electronic and ro-vibrational excitations and scattering due to refractive index fluctuations of the water and the respective consequences for the appearance of colors.