TY - JOUR A1 - Kalinkat, Gregor A1 - Jechow, Andreas A1 - Schroer, Sibylle A1 - Hölker, Franz T1 - Nocturnal pandas: conservation umbrellas protecting nocturnal biodiversity JF - Trends in Ecology & Evolution N2 - Light pollution is an emerging ecological threat. To mitigate its negative consequences, creative inter- and transdisciplinary solutions and societal interactions are needed. To this end, we introduce nocturnal umbrella species representative of light-sensitive biodiversity whose protection will safeguard vital ecosystem services and a wide range of co-occurring species. Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2025.05.006 VL - 40 IS - 8 SP - 736 EP - 739 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kersten, Philipp A1 - Buzin, Johannes A1 - Hirsch, Sören T1 - Wireless Sensor Nodes for Condition Based Maintenance in Railway Systems T2 - IEEE Sensors Conference, Kobe, Japan, 2024 N2 - Ensuring the reliability, safety, and efficiency of railway systems is increasingly critical in global transportation networks. This paper addresses the necessity for advanced monitoring systems by introducing a multivariate energy-efficient wireless sensor node designed for proactive maintenance in rail applications. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10784508 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS60989.2024.10784508 SP - 1 EP - 4 PB - IEEE ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vollmer, Michael A1 - Eberhardt, Wolfgang T1 - Ein einfaches Modell für die Vorhersage von CO2 Konzentrationen in der Atmosphäre in Abhängigkeit von globalen CO2 Emissionen JF - PhyDid B, Didaktik der Physik, Beiträge zur DPG-Frühjahrstagung N2 - Es wird das vielleicht einfachst mögliche Modell vorgestellt, mit dem zeitabhängige CO2 Konzent-rationen c(t) in der Atmosphäre ausgehend von verschiedenen globalen Emissionsszenarien für CO2berechnet werden. Dazu wird eine einzelne inhomogene lineare Differenzialgleichung 1. Ordnung hergeleitet, deren Parameter sich aus den quantitativen Daten des global carbon project sowie Mauna Loa Daten für CO2 Konzentrationen errechnen. Das Modell wird erstens getestet am Zeitraum 1960 bis 2020 mit vergleichsweise guter quantitativer Übereinstimmung zu Messdaten. Zweitens wird für zwei typische IPCC Emissions-Szenarien ein Vergleich der Modellvorhersagen mit denen der kom-plexen IPCC Earth-System-Klimamodelle diskutiert mit qualitativer Übereinstimmung des zeitli-chen Verlaufs. Drittens werden Ergebnisse einiger ausgewählter neuer Emissionsszenarien präsen-tiert. Ungeachtet einiger Abweichungen zu komplexeren Klimamodellen zeichnet sich unser Mo-dell durch zwei wichtige Vorteile für die Lehre aus. Zum einen ist es sehr einfach für Studierende und begabte Schüler nutzbar, da die erforderliche Lösung der Differentialgleichung bereits mit han-delsüblicher Tabellenkalkulationssoftware wie z.B. Excel programmiert werden kann. Dadurch ge-stattet es zum anderen auch sehr einfach, den zeitlichen Verlauf von Emissionsszenarien zu verän-dern und innerhalb weniger Sekunden Veränderungen aufgrund geänderter Eingaben zu berechnen. Insofern eignet sich das Modell sehr gut als Einstieg in das Thema Klimamodellierung in einführen-den Hochschulvorlesungen zum Themenbereich Kohlenstoffkreislauf und Klimawandel. In der Schule kann es gegen Ende der Sekundarstufe 2 beispielsweise im Projektunterricht zum Themen-komplex Nachhaltigkeit in Physik und/oder Mathematik eingesetzt werden Y1 - 2024 UR - https://ojs.dpg-physik.de/index.php/phydid-b/article/view/1411 SN - 2191-379X VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - 379 EP - 388 PB - FU Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vollmer, Michael A1 - Eberhardt, Wolfgang T1 - A simple model for the prediction of CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere, depending on global CO2 emissions JF - European Journal of Physics N2 - We present a very simple model for estimating time dependent atmospheric CO2 concentrations c(t) from global carbon emission scenarios, serving as single input data. We derive a single linear differential equation of 1st order, based on parameters which are estimated from quantitative data of the global carbon project and Mauna Loa data for CO2 concentrations. The model is tested first by comparing it to the 1960–2021 period with reasonably good quantitative agreement and, second to two of the typical current IPCC scenarios with good qualitative agreement. Finally, some new emission scenarios are modelled. Despite several drawbacks concerning absolute quantitative predictions, there are two important advantages of the model. First, it can be easily executed by students already with simple programmable spreadsheet programs such as Excel. Second input emission scenarios can be changed easily and expected changes are immediately seen for discussion during undergraduate and graduate courses on the carbon cycle and climate change. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/ad230d VL - 45 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klopp, Christoph A1 - Trittel, Torsten A1 - Stannarius, Ralf T1 - Coarsening of quasi two-dimensional emulsions formed by islands in free-standing smectic films JF - ChemPhysChem N2 - We study the coarsening behavior of assemblies of islands on smectic A freely suspended films in ISS microgravity experiments. The islands can be regarded as liquid inclusions in a two-dimensional fluid in analogy to liquid droplets of the discontinuous phase of an emulsion. The coarsening is effectuated by two processes, predominantly by island coalescence, but to some extend also by Ostwald ripening, whereby large islands grow at the expense of surrounding smaller ones. A peculiarity of this system is that the continuous and the discontinuous phases consist of the same material. We determine the dynamics, analyze the self-similar aging of the island size distribution and discuss characteristic exponents of the mean island growth. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.202400166 VL - 25 IS - 12 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vollmer, Michael T1 - Limitations of the eye and how to overcome them JF - Journal of Physics: Conference Series N2 - Human eyes have spatial, temporal, and spectral limitations which impose constraints on our perception. With appropriate optical devices and cameras, the limitations can be easily overcome. As a consequence, a huge variety of physical phenomena can be made accessible for teaching. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2750/1/012001 VL - 2750 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arslan, Eda A1 - Brücher, Viktoria A1 - Demir, Gokce A1 - Liekfeld, Anja T1 - Gender distribution of scientific contributions at German ophthalmological conferences - a baseline study T1 - Geschlechterverteilung bei wissenschaftlichen Beiträgen auf deutschen ophthalmologischen Kongressen – eine Bestandsaufnahme JF - Die Ophthalmologie N2 - The proportion of female ophthalmologists in Germany has risen to approximately 50% in recent years, and approximately 66% of medical students are women. This represents a reversal of the past situation with a male predominance. Despite this change, many international studies show that women are still underrepresented at scientific conferences, particularly among invited speakers, chairpersons, and program committees. This study aims to investigate whether these differences in gender representation are also reflected at German ophthalmological congresses and whether the situation has changed in recent years. MethodsData collection covered the years 2013, 2022, and 2023 and included the congresses of the five large German ophthalmological associations: the German Ophthalmological Society (DOG), German Ophthalmic Surgical Society (DOC), German Ophthalmological Academy (AAD), German Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (DGII) and the German Retinological Society (RG). Data were collected based on online programs and information provided by the offices and the managing committees. The numbers of female and male speakers and chairpersons were identified, as were the gender distributions of the specific program committees. Overall, the percentage of female speakers across all years and conferences surveyed averaged 25%, while female chairs averaged 17%. The percentage of females in the program committees ranged from 0% to 17%. There was an increase in the percentage of female speakers over 10 years (2013-2023). For the DOG (ptrend < 0.01) and the DOC (ptrend = 0.01) there was a significant rise, while it was highest at the DOG (37%) and lowest at the DGII (11%). The percentage of female chairs was in general lower than the percentage of female speakers for all conferences (between 11% and 26% in 2023). Only for the DOG was there a statistically significant increase over the 10 years (ptrend < 0.01). The representation of women as speakers and chairpersons at German ophthalmology conferences is low; these continue to be predominantly male dominated. Although there has been an increase in female representation over time, it remains lower than the overall proportion of women in the profession in 2023. Significant differences are observed between the various ophthalmological conferences. Further investigation into the underrepresentation of women at these conferences is necessary, and measures to encourage greater female participation at congresses should be implemented. N2 - In den letzten Jahren hat sich das Geschlechterverhältnis in der Augenheilkunde in Deutschland verändert. Derzeit sind etwa 50 % der in diesem Fach tätigen Ärztinnen und Ärzte weiblich, und bei den Medizinstudierenden liegt der Frauenanteil sogar bei rund 66 %. Diese Entwicklung stellt eine Umkehr des bisherigen Geschlechterverhältnisses im Sinne einer stärkeren Repräsentation von Frauen dar. Trotz dieser Veränderung zeigen zahlreiche internationale Studien, dass Frauen auf wissenschaftlichen Kongressen weiterhin unterrepräsentiert sind. Dies gilt insbesondere für ihre Beteiligung als geladene Rednerinnen, Vorsitzende von Sitzungen sowie als Mitglieder von Programmkommissionen. Diese Diskrepanz wirft die Frage auf, ob ähnliche Ungleichgewichte auch in Deutschland bestehen. Bisher gibt es keine systematische Untersuchung, die geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede in der Repräsentation von Vortragenden, Vorsitzenden und Mitgliedern der Programmkommissionen auf ophthalmologischen Kongressen in Deutschland beleuchtet. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, das Ausmaß dieses Geschlechterunterschieds in der deutschen Ophthalmologie auf Kongressen zu untersuchen. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-024-02154-x SN - 2731-7218 VL - 122 SP - 100 EP - 106 PB - Springer ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Degen, Jacqueline A1 - Storms, Mona A1 - Lee, Benjamin A1 - Jechow, Andreas A1 - Stoeckl, Anna A1 - Hoelker, Franz A1 - Jakhar, Aryan A1 - Walter, Thomas A1 - Walter, Stefan A1 - Mitesser, Oliver A1 - Hovestadt, Thomas A1 - Degen, Tobias T1 - Shedding light with harmonic radar: Unveiling the hidden impacts of streetlights on moth flight behavior JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America N2 - One of the most dramatic changes occurring on our planet is the ever- increasing extensive use of artificial light at night, which drastically altered the environment to which nocturnal animals are adapted. Such light pollution has been identified as a driver in the dramatic insect decline of the past years. One nocturnal species group experiencing marked declines are moths, which play a key role in food webs and ecosystem services such as plant pollination. Moths can be easily monitored within the illuminated area of a streetlight, where they typically exhibit disoriented behavior. Yet, little is known about their behavior beyond the illuminated area. Harmonic radar tracking enabled us to close this knowledge gap. We found a significant change in flight behavior beyond the illuminated area of a streetlight. A detailed analysis of the recorded trajectories revealed a barrier effect of streetlights on lappet moths whenever the moon was not available as a natural celestial cue. Furthermore, streetlights increased the tortuosity of flights for both hawk moths and lappet moths. Surprisingly, we had to reject our fundamental hypothesis that most individuals would fly toward a streetlight. Instead, this was true for only 4% of the tested individuals, indicating that the impact of light pollution might be more severe than assumed to date. Our results provide experimental evidence for the fragmentation of landscapes by streetlights and demonstrate that light pollution affects movement patterns of moths beyond what was previously assumed, potentially affecting their reproductive success and hampering a vital ecosystem service. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2401215121 VL - 121 IS - 42 PB - National Academy of Sciences ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Strachan, Laura M. A1 - Winkel, Carmen T1 - Oral Histories of Social, Cultural, and Environmental Changes in Saudi Arabia Before and After Saudi Aramco JF - Social Change N2 - Saudi Aramco’s influence upon the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia cannot be overstated. After the discovery of oil in 1938, a nationwide metamorphosis began to infiltrate desert communities, sleepy fishing villages, and traditional urban centres ultimately influencing the people and their environments in unimaginable ways. Becoming one of the world’s largest oil producers has meant the loss and/or transformation of traditional ways of life. Shepherds, pearl divers, fishermen, and farmers are today’s business owners, executives, and international leaders. How could the development of a single company influence a country and its populace so dramatically? Besides the financial gains, how were individuals, families, and ecosystems affected? What were some of the personal challenges experienced by Saudi citizens? In this paper, the authors address these questions and others using local Saudi knowledge. In total, 20 female university students who participated in an oral history project interviewed their family members to learn how Saudi Aramco affected them personally, their traditions, landscapes, and society more generally. Excerpts from the interviews are highlighted to expose the nuances experienced by the various research participants. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/00490857241278782 VL - 54 IS - 4 SP - 561 EP - 576 PB - Sage ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Puzyrev, Dmitry A1 - Torsten, Torsten A1 - Harth, Kirsten A1 - Stannarius, Ralf T1 - Cooling of a granular gas mixture in microgravity JF - npj microgravity N2 - Granular gases are fascinating non-equilibrium systems with interesting features such as spontaneous clustering and non-Gaussian velocity distributions. Mixtures of different components represent a much more natural composition than monodisperse ensembles but attracted comparably little attention so far. We present the observation and characterization of a mixture of rod-like particles with different sizes and masses in a drop tower experiment. Kinetic energy decay rates during granular cooling and collision rates were determined and Haff’s law for homogeneous granular cooling was confirmed. Thereby, energy equipartition between the mixture components and between individual degrees of freedom is violated. Heavier particles keep a slightly higher average kinetic energy than lighter ones. Experimental results are supported by numerical simulations. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41526-024-00369-5 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Springer CY - Brandenburg an der Havel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Müller, Katja A1 - Flassig, Peter A1 - Flassig, Robert T1 - Numerical Simulations and Sensitivity Analysis of Ice Formation on Fan Blades T2 - ASME Turbo Expo 2024: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition, London, 2024 N2 - In-flight icing, the formation of ice during flight, poses risks to the safety and reliability of aircraft. Due to environmental conditions, ice accumulation occurs on the low-pressure compressor blades of an engine, diminishing aerodynamic performance and potentially causing damage to the engine. Numerical simulations of ice accretion are conducted on the blades of the NASA Rotor 67 utilizing the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software ANSYS CFX and the in-flight icing software FENSAP-ICE. One-dimensional and two-dimensional sensitivity studies aim to analyze the influences of temperature, droplet diameter and liquid water content (LWC) on the resulting ice build-up on the blade. The analyses reveal that ice accumulates predominantly at the leading edge of the blade, where collection efficiency is maximal. Additionally, an ice layer forms at the blade root on the pressure side. While LWC and temperature exerts a significant influence on the ice mass, only a marginal impact on droplet diameter is observed. Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-0-7918-8806-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2024-125715 PB - ASME ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jechow, Andreas A1 - Bumberger, Jan A1 - Palm, Bert A1 - Remmler, Paul A1 - Schreck, Günter A1 - Ogashawara, Igor A1 - Kiel, Christine A1 - Kohnert, Katrin A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter A1 - Singer, Gabirel A. A1 - Nejstgaard, Jens C. A1 - Wollrab, Sabine A1 - Berger, Stella A. A1 - Hölker, Franz T1 - Characterizing and Implementing the Hamamatsu C12880MA Mini-Spectrometer for Near-Surface Reflectance Measurements of Inland Waters JF - Sensors N2 - In recent decades, inland water remote sensing has seen growing interest and very strong development. This includes improved spatial resolution, increased revisiting times, advanced multispectral sensors and recently even hyperspectral sensors. However, inland waters are more challenging than oceanic waters due to their higher complexity of optically active constituents and stronger adjacency effects due to their small size and nearby vegetation and built structures. Thus, bio-optical modeling of inland waters requires higher ground-truthing efforts. Large-scale ground-based sensor networks that are robust, self-sufficient, non-maintenance-intensive and low-cost could assist this otherwise labor-intensive task. Furthermore, most existing sensor systems are rather expensive, precluding their employability. Recently, low-cost mini-spectrometers have become widely available, which could potentially solve this issue. In this study, we analyze the characteristics of such a mini-spectrometer, the Hamamatsu C12880MA, and test it regarding its application in measuring water-leaving radiance near the surface. Overall, the measurements performed in the laboratory and in the field show that the system is very suitable for the targeted application. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/s24196445 VL - 24 IS - 19 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ogashawara, Igor A1 - Wollrab, Sabine A1 - Berger, Stella A. A1 - Kiel, Christine A1 - Jechow, Andreas A1 - Guislain, Alexis L. N. A1 - Gege, Peter A1 - Ruhtz, Thomas A1 - Hieronymi, Martin A1 - Schneider, Thomas A1 - Lischeid, Gunnar A1 - Singer, Gabriel A. A1 - Hölker, Franz A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter A1 - Nejstgaard, Jens Christian T1 - Unleashing the power of remote sensing data in aquatic research: Guidelines for optimal utilization JF - Limnology and Oceanography Letters N2 - The growing utilization of remote sensing data in lake studies provides crucial spatial insights into biogeochemistry and biology. However, clarity regarding the development and intended use of remote sensing products is often lacking. This letter aims to elucidate the tradeoffs for the utilization of remote sensing data in limnological studies with an example of based on the estimation of chlorophyll a due to its importance as a water quality indicator. The analysis initiates with a meticulous product selection, requiring an evaluation of its capacity to address the optical complexity of freshwater systems. Assessing atmospheric correction and product limitations ensures alignment with the study's objectives. Subsequently, rigorous validation of remote sensing products is essential, accompanied by a cautious interpretation of the data. This letter advocates for the use of remote sensing data, offering key strategies for their optimal utilization in lake studies. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10427 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arroyo, Hector Linares A1 - Abascal, Angela A1 - Degen, Tobias A1 - Aubé, Martin A1 - Espey, Brian R. A1 - Gyuk, Geza A1 - Hölker, Franz A1 - Jechow, Andreas A1 - Kuffer, Monika A1 - Sánchez de Miguel, Alejandro A1 - Simoneau, Alexandre A1 - Walczak, Ken A1 - Kyba, Christopher C. M. T1 - Monitoring, trends and impacts of light pollution JF - Nature Reviews Earth & Environment N2 - Light pollution has increased globally, with 80% of the total population now living under light-polluted skies. In this Review, we elucidate the scope and importance of light pollution and discuss techniques to monitor it. In urban areas, light emissions from sources such as street lights lead to a zenith radiance 40 times larger than that of an unpolluted night sky. Non-urban areas account for over 50% of the total night-time light observed by satellites, with contributions from sources such as transportation networks and resource extraction. Artificial light can disturb the migratory and reproductive behaviours of animals even at the low illuminances from diffuse skyglow. Additionally, lighting (indoor and outdoor) accounts for 20% of global electricity consumption and 6% of CO2 emissions, leading to indirect environmental impacts and a financial cost. However, existing monitoring techniques can only perform a limited number of measurements throughout the night and lack spectral and spatial resolution. Therefore, satellites with improved spectral and spatial resolution are needed to enable time series analysis of light pollution trends throughout the night. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-024-00555-9 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vega, Catherine Perez A1 - Hölker, Franz A1 - Zielinska-Dabkowska, Karolina M A1 - Jechow, Andreas T1 - Polarised light pollution on river water surfaces caused by artificial light at night from illuminated bridges and surroundings JF - Journal of Limnology N2 - Artificial light at night originating from bridge illumination can cause polarised light pollution when it is reflected at water body surfaces. This alters the optical conditions of a river at night and potentially interferes with natural polarisation signals from, for example, moonlight. Therefore, this type of light pollution could detrimentally change the behaviour of organisms sensitive to polarised light, a navigational cue and signal known to be used e.g. by flying water-seeking insects to detect suitable aquatic habitats to reproduce and lay eggs. So far, polarised light pollution from artificial light at night is understudied. Here, we quantify polarised light pollution at the water’s surface near seven illuminated bridges crossing the river Spree in Berlin. Our measurements show for the first time, that nocturnal bridge illumination induces polarised light pollution towards potential flying paths of polarotactic aquatic insects. On average, around 9% of the water surfaces at the investigated bridges were highly polluted by polarised light, with values ranging between 3 and 12 % for each bridge. Thus, polarised light pollution from artificial light at night is an emergent pollutant for aquatic systems. Future work on this topic should include more comprehensive measurements, further ecological studies on its impacts and the development of sustainable lighting solutions that can contribute to the protection of riverine nightscapes. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2024.2173 VL - 83 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - PAGEPress ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klopp, Christoph A1 - Trittel, Torsten A1 - Stannarius, Ralf T1 - Coarsening of Quasi Two-Dimensional Emulsions Formed by Islands in Free-Standing Smectic Films JF - CHEMPHYSCHEM N2 - We study the coarsening behavior of assemblies of islands on smectic A freely suspended films in ISS microgravity experiments. The islands can be regarded as liquid inclusions in a two-dimensional fluid in analogy to liquid droplets of the discontinuous phase of an emulsion. The coarsening is effectuated by two processes, predominantly by island coalescence, but to some extend also by Ostwald ripening, whereby large islands grow at the expense of surrounding smaller ones. A peculiarity of this system is that the continuous and the discontinuous phases consist of the same material. We determine the dynamics, analyze the self-similar aging of the island size distribution and discuss characteristic exponents of the mean island growth. Smectic islands on a thin freely suspended smectic film form a quasi two-dimensional emulsion, without a liquid subphase. We describe the coarsening dynamics that involves island coalescence and Ostwald ripening. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.202400166 SN - 1439-4235 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Wiley ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kraska, Martin T1 - SMath + Maxima - Powerful Tool for Engineering Calculations T2 - 2024 7th International Conference on Information Technologies in Engineering Education (Inforino), Moscow, Russian Federation N2 - SMath Studio is mathematical notebook software similar to Mathcad. Its outstanding and intuitive support for scientific units makes it an invaluable asset in higher engineering education. SMath Studio has been used for more than ten years in various courses at Brandenburg University of Applied Sciences, Germany (Technische Hochschule Brandenburg, THB). To enhance the usability of the software, substantial contributions have been made. One of them is the Maxima plugin for access to the free and open-source computer algebra system Maxima. This plugin combines the flexible notebook format of SMath Studio with powerful symbolic functions like integrals and solvers for algebraic and differential equations. Additionally, the plugin adds interactive 3D graphics to SMath. The paper discusses the basic design, features, and limitations, and showcases some applications. Y1 - 2024 SN - 979-8-3503-7136-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/Inforino60363.2024.10551993 SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Markgraf, Klaus T1 - Entwicklung eines Tools zur spezifischen, lastgangbasierten Eigenverbrauchsoptimierung mittels PV-Leistungsprognose T2 - Konferenz: 18. Symposium Energieinnovation, 2024, Graz/Austria N2 - The German government's initiative to cover 80% of the gross electricity supply with renewable energies by 2050 brings considerable ecological benefits, but also poses several challenges. One of these challenges is the growing number of photovoltaic systems (PV systems), which, due to their high feed-in power, already pose a risk to the security of the electricity distribution grid during long periods of sunny weather. To counteract this, active research is being carried out in the field of PV power forecasting. This research is primarily aimed at providing the grid operator with a predicted power output, which enables a longer planning horizon and thus increases the operational grid security. However, the considerable annual electricity consumption of private households and the increasing spread of PV systems for self-consumption show that the energy behavior of households, especially self-consumption, also influences grid security. Additionally, households have an incentive to boost their self-consumption because the cost of drawing each kilowatt-hour from the grid is substantially higher than the compensation received for injecting an equivalent amount of energy back into the grid. However, as of now, there is no software available that easily enables households to tailor the usage patterns of their electrical appliances according to a photovoltaic (PV) forecast. The project described here aims to close this gap by creating such software. Various PV forecasting models are used and tested for their suitability for this purpose. A self-generated optimization process is implemented in this project to optimize the consumer configuration based on the PV forecasts. The here-developed tool enables the user to enter parameters for his PV system and the specific load profiles of his electrical appliances. Based on this data, the optimization algorithm determines a consumption plan with a forecast horizon until the end of the next day that maximizes the user's self-consumption. To validate the tool, the optimization process is carried out over a period of 60 days using a predefined scenario and the results are compared with a scenario in which the electrical appliances are intuitively operated at midday. The analysis of these results ultimately shows the potential impact of such a tool on the economic efficiency of private households and the supply stability. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.25610976 SP - 1 EP - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ayalon, Inbal A1 - Avisar, Dror A1 - Jechow, Andreas A1 - Levy, Oren T1 - Corals nitrogen and carbon isotopic signatures alters under Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) JF - The Science of The Total Environment N2 - This study examines the impact of Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) on two coral species, Acropora eurystoma and Pocillopora damicornis, in the Gulf of Aqaba/Eilat Red Sea, assessing their natural isotopic responses to highlight changes in energy and nutrient sourcing due to sensory light pollution. Our findings indicate significant disturbances in photosynthetic processes in Acropora eurystoma, as evidenced by shifts in δ13C values under ALAN, pointing to alterations in carbon distribution or utilization. In Pocillopora damicornis, similar trends were observed, with changes in δ13C and δ15N values suggesting a disruption in its nitrogen cycle and feeding strategies. The study also uncovers species-specific variations in heterotrophic feeding, a crucial factor in coral resilience under environmental stress, contributing to the corals' fixed carbon budget. Light measurements across the Gulf demonstrated a gradient of light pollution which possess the potential of affecting marine biology in the region. ALAN was found to disrupt natural diurnal tentacle behaviors in both coral species, crucial for prey capture and nutrient acquisition, thereby impacting their isotopic composition and health. Echoing previous research, our study underscores the need to consider each species' ecological and physiological contexts when assessing the impacts of anthropogenic changes. The findings offer important insights into the complexities of marine ecosystems under environmental stress and highlight the urgency of developing effective mitigation strategies. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170513 IS - 920 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Daupayev, Nursultan A1 - Engel, Christian A1 - Hirsch, Sören T1 - Two-to-One Trigger Mechanism for Event-Based Environmental Sensing JF - Sensors N2 - Environmental monitoring systems often operate continuously, measuring various parameters, including carbon dioxide levels (CO2), relative humidity (RH), temperature (T), and other factors that affect environmental conditions. Such systems are often referred to as smart systems because they can autonomously monitor and respond to environmental conditions and can be integrated both indoors and outdoors to detect, for example, structural anomalies. However, these systems typically have high energy consumption, data overload, and large equipment sizes, which makes them difficult to install in constrained spaces. Therefore, three challenges remain unresolved: efficient energy use, accurate data measurement, and compact installation. To address these limitations, this study proposes a two-to-one threshold sampling approach, where the CO2 measurement is activated when the specified T and RH change thresholds are exceeded. This event-driven method avoids redundant data collection, minimizes power consumption, and is suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems. The proposed approach was implemented on a low-power, small-form and self-made multivariate sensor based on the PIC16LF19156 microcontroller. In contrast, a commercial monitoring system and sensor modules based on the Arduino Uno were used for comparison. As a result, by activating only key points in the T and RH signals, the number of CO2 measurements was significantly reduced without loss of essential signal characteristics. Signal reconstruction from the reduced points demonstrated high accuracy, with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.0089 and root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.0117. Despite reducing the number of CO2 measurements by approximately 41.9%, the essential characteristics of the signal were saved, highlighting the efficiency of the proposed approach. Despite its effectiveness in controlled conditions (in buildings, indoors), environmental factors such as the presence of people, ventilation systems, and room layout can significantly alter the dynamics of CO2 concentrations, which may limit the implementation of this approach. Future studies will focus on the study of adaptive threshold mechanisms and context-dependent models that can adjust to changing conditions. This approach will expand the scope of application of the proposed two-to-one sampling technique in various practical situations. Y1 - 2025 UR - https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/13/4107 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/s25134107 VL - 25 IS - 13 SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - MDPI ER -