TY - JOUR A1 - Nugent, Paul W. A1 - Shaw, Joseph A. A1 - Vollmer, Michael T1 - Colors of thermal pools at Yellowstone National Park JF - Applied Optics Vol. 54 (2015 ) 4, pp. B128-B139 N2 - Abstract The brilliant visible colors of various hot springs and pools in Yellowstone National Park are explained with a combination of scattering from the water and from microbial mats that coat the bottoms of these thermal features. A simple 1D radiative transfer model was used to simulate the colors recorded in visible photographs and the spectrum of light making up these colors. The model includes attenuation in water by absorption and molecular scattering as well as reflection characteristics of the microbial mats and surface reflection of the water. Pool geometries are simulated as simple rough cones scaled to have depths and widths that match published data. Thermal images are also used to record the spatial distribution of water skin temperature. The measurements and simulations confirm that colors observed from shallow-water features arise primarily from the spectral properties of the microbial mat, which is related to the water temperature, while colors observed from deeper water arise primarily from the wavelength-dependent absorption and scattering in the water. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.54.00B128 SP - B128 EP - B139 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shaw, Joseph A. A1 - Nugent, Paul W. A1 - Vollmer, Michael T1 - Infrared Moon imaging for remote sensing of atmospheric smoke layers JF - Applied Optics 54 (2015) 4, B64-B75 N2 - Abstract Simultaneous visible and long-wave infrared (IR) images of the Moon were used with a simple energy-balance model to study the spatial pattern of lunar surface temperatures. The thermal images were obtained with a radiometrically calibrated, compact, low-cost, commercial IR camera mounted on a small telescope. Differences between the predicted and measured maximum Moon temperatures were used to determine the infrared optical depth (OD), which represents the path-integrated extinction of an elevated layer of wildfire smoke in the atmosphere. The OD values retrieved from the IR Moon images were combined with simultaneous OD measurements from a ground-based, zenith-pointing lidar operating at a wavelength of 532 nm to determine an IR-to-visible OD ratio of 0.50±0.18 for moderately aged wildfire smoke aerosol. © 2014 Optical Society of America Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.54.000B64 SP - B64 EP - B75 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vollmer, Michael A1 - Shaw, Joseph A. A1 - Nugent, Paul W. T1 - Visible and invisible mirages: comparing inferior mirages in the visible and thermal infrared JF - Applied Optics 54 (2015) 4, B76-B84 N2 - Abstract Visible (VIS)-light and thermal infrared (IR) inferior mirages in the 8–14 μm waveband have been observed simultaneously for the takeoff and landing of various airplanes at distances of several kilometers. Similarities as well as differences between the VIS and IR mirages are discussed. © 2014 Optical Society of America Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.54.000B76 SP - B76 EP - B84 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vollmer, Michael A1 - Shaw, Joseph A. A1 - Nugent, Paul W. T1 - Heiße Physik im Yellowstone-Park: Wie Farben in Thermalquellen entstehen JF - Physik in unserer Zeit Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/piuz.201601431 SN - 1521-3943 (online) SN - 0031-9252 (print) VL - 48 IS - 1 SP - 37 EP - 42 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Vollmer, Michael A1 - Shaw, Joseph A. A1 - Nugent, Paul W. A1 - Harris, Wilson A1 - Gillis, Kendra A1 - Weiss, William A1 - Carpenter, Logan A1 - Carpenter, Amy A1 - Scherrer, Bryan T1 - Photonics in nature: Yellowstone National Park in IR T2 - 14th Conference on Education and Training in Optics and Photonics, ETOP 2017, 2017, Hangzhou, China T3 - Proceedings of SPIE - 104521B Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2266677 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shaw, Joseph A. A1 - Nugent, Paul W. A1 - Harris, Wilson A1 - Vollmer, Michael T1 - Infrared Yellowstone JF - Optics and Photonics News Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1364/OPN.28.6.000036 SN - 1541-3721 (Online) SN - 1047-6938 (Print) VL - 28 IS - 6 SP - 36 EP - 43 ER -