TY - BOOK A1 - Vollmer, Michael T1 - Optik und ihre Phänomene BT - Lichtspiele in der Natur: von Luftspiegelungen und Himmelsfarben bis in die Weiten des Alls N2 - Dieses Lehr-, Lern-, Fach- und Sachbuch präsentiert die Grundlagen der Optik in Theorie und ausführlich beschriebenem Experiment sowie vielfältige faszinierende optische Phänomene. Ob in Vorlesungen, Seminaren, für Projektarbeiten, Schulunterricht oder Selbststudium - dieses Buch ist eine wertvolle Ressource für alle, die sich für Optik interessieren. Durch die große Zahl zitierter Originalarbeiten schlägt es nicht nur die Brücke zur Lehre sondern auch zur Forschung. Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-3-662-69308-7 SN - 978-3-662-69309-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-69309-4 PB - Springer ET - 3 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Blasek, Katrin ED - Bernzen, Anna ED - Fritzsche, Jörg ED - Heinze, Christian ED - Thomsen, Oliver T1 - Datenschutzrechtliche Aspekte der geplanten EU-ID-Wallet T2 - Das IT-Recht vor der (europäischen) Zeitenwende? : Tagungsband Herbstakademie 2023 Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-3-95599-077-0 VL - 2023 SP - 73 EP - 90 PB - OlWIR Verlag für Wirtschaft, Informatik und Recht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blasek, Katrin T1 - Die Rolle von Scorewerten bei automatisierten Entscheidungen JF - Zeitschrift für Datenschutzrecht Y1 - 2024 SN - 3052-2811 VL - 2024 IS - 5 SP - 258 EP - 263 PB - Beck ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blasek, Katrin T1 - Anlasslose Parallelverarbeitung von Restschuldbefreiungen? JF - Zeitschrift für das Recht der digitalen Wirtschaft Y1 - 2024 SN - 2702-4040 VL - 2024 IS - 4 SP - 115 EP - 118 PB - Wolters Kluwer ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nitze, André A1 - Wang, Tingting A1 - Jahn, Josephine A1 - Ali, Sabah T1 - Beyond Connectivity: A Sustainable Approach to Municipal LoRaWAN Infrastructure and Services T2 - Konferenz: ICDS 2024 : The Eighteenth International Conference on Digital Society; Barcelona, Spain N2 - This paper introduces the LoRaWAN Collaboration Framework (LCF), a strategic blueprint for deploying and managing LoRaWAN infrastructures in smart cities with an emphasis on rural and small municipalities. LoRaWAN technology is distinguished by its capability to support long-range, low-power IoT applications, making it ideal for extensive and sparsely populated areas. The LCF aims to address common challenges in these settings, such as limited technical expertise, financial constraints, and the need for cross-municipal cooperation. It outlines roles and responsibilities across various stakeholders including municipal authorities, IT service providers, application developers, and end-users. The framework emphasizes the balance of technological, economic, ecological, and social sustainability in line with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. In this paper we describe the experiences from several LoRaWAN projects in small towns and municipalities, the derived framework, and future research directions towards ensuring the economic viability of the proposed model. Y1 - 2024 SP - 19 EP - 24 PB - IARIA ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wang, Tingting A1 - Nitze, André A1 - Hofstedt, Petra A1 - Löffler, Sven A1 - Hennig, Silvia A1 - Klinge, Alexander T1 - Technische Machbarkeit von ländlichem On-Demand-Verkehr: Anforderungen an eine Open-Source-Software-Architektur T2 - 24. Nachwuchswissenschaftler:innenkonferenz N2 - On-Demand-Verkehr bezeichnet Mobilitätsangebote, die auf Bestellung verfügbar sind. Ziel ist es, durch flexible Mobilitätsangebote Lücken im ländlichen öffentlichen Personennahverkehr (ÖPNV) zu schließen, insbesondere in dünn besiedelten Räumen und zu Randzeiten des Tages. Die Einführung solcher Dienste gestaltet sich für viele Kommunen jedoch aufgrund der hohen Lizenzgebühren für proprietäre Software als äußerst schwierig, insbesondere in strukturschwachen Regionen, die solche Dienste besonders benötigen. Im Rahmen des Projekts "Open-Source-Software für ländlichen On-Demand-Verkehr" (OSLO) wurde die Umsetzbarkeit einer niedrigschwelligen Open-Source-Lösung geprüft. Diese Lösung soll langfristig in die Open-Source-Mobilitätsplattform bbnavi integriert werden, um die Nutzung vorhandener Mobilitätsdaten zu erleichtern, Interoperabilität zu gewährleisten und die Anpassung an andere Regionen zu vereinfachen. Das Konzept beinhaltet eine Software-Architektur, einen speziell für den ländlichen Nahverkehr entwickelten intermodalen Routing-Algorithmus und ein Betriebs- und Organisationsmodell ([1]). In diesem Beitrag wird beschrieben, wie eine effiziente Software-Architektur für das OSLO-Projekt entworfen wurde. Die zentralen Themen beinhalten die Strukturierung der Komponenten, die Anwendung von GTFS-Flex-V2, die Integration des angepassten Routing-Algorithmus sowie die Einbindung externer Schnittstellen. KW - On-Demand-Verkehr KW - Software-Architektur KW - Open Source Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bsz:mit1-opus4-154308 SN - 1437-7624 IS - 3 SP - 361 EP - 366 PB - Hochschule Mittweida CY - Mittweida ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nitze, André A1 - Wang, Tingting A1 - Jahn, Josephine A1 - Ali, Sabah A1 - Miesner, Timon T1 - Lessons learned from building sustainable municipal LoRaWan infrastructure JF - International Journal On Advances in Networks and Services N2 - Abstract—This paper introduces the LoRaWAN Collaboration Framework (LCF), a strategic blueprint for deploying and managing LoRaWAN infrastructures in smart cities with an emphasis on rural and small municipalities. LoRaWAN technology distinguishes itself by its capability to support long-range, low-power IoT applications, making it ideal for extensive and sparsely populated areas. The LCF aims to address common challenges in these settings, such as limited technical expertise, financial constraints, and the need for cross-municipal cooperation. It outlines roles and responsibilities across various stakeholders including municipal authorities, IT service providers, application developers, and end-users. The framework emphasizes the balance of technological, economic, social and ecological sustainability in line with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. In this paper, we describe the experiences from several LoRaWAN projects in small towns and municipalities in Germany and give some insights to these use cases, the derived collaboration framework, and other arguments to consider before implementing LoRaWAN infrastructures. Y1 - 2024 VL - 17 IS - 3&4 SP - 59 EP - 68 PB - IARIA ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kitzelmann, Emanuel T1 - Lernen mit Neuronalen Netzen T2 - Furbach, U., Kitzelmann, E., Michaeli, T., Schmid, U. (Hrsg.) Künstliche Intelligenz für Lehrkräfte. N2 - Sitz der menschlichen Intelligenz ist das Gehirn. Was läge also näher, als Erkenntnisse aus der Hirnforschung für die Erzeugung künstlicher Intelligenz zu nutzen? Künstliche neuronale Netze simulieren in einer vereinfachten und abgewandelten Form den grundlegenden Aufbau des Gehirns und sind als eine leistungsfähige Variante des maschinellen Lernens vielseitig einsetzbar, um komplexe Funktionen, z. B. in der Bild- und Sprachverarbeitung, aus großen Mengen von Daten zu lernen. Viele aktuelle und Aufsehen erregende Anwendungen der künstlichen Intelligenz – leistungsfähige ChatBots und Bildgeneratoren, Bilderkennung in Fahrassistenzsystemen, die Erkennung von Krankheitsbildern in der bildgebenden Diagnostik, Prognosen im Finanzwesen und viele mehr – beruhen auf künstlichen neuronalen Netzen. Dieses Kapitel behandelt den Grundaufbau eines einzelnen künstlichen Neurons und eines mehrschichtigen neuronalen Netzes. Es wird erklärt, wie ein neuronales Netz Eingaben verarbeitet und wie es mit Daten trainiert werden kann, um eine bestimmte Funktion auszuführen. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-44248-4_5 SP - 53 EP - 67 PB - Springer ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kersten, Philipp A1 - Buzin, Johannes A1 - Hirsch, Sören T1 - Wireless Sensor Nodes for Condition Based Maintenance in Railway Systems T2 - IEEE Sensors Conference, Kobe, Japan, 2024 N2 - Ensuring the reliability, safety, and efficiency of railway systems is increasingly critical in global transportation networks. This paper addresses the necessity for advanced monitoring systems by introducing a multivariate energy-efficient wireless sensor node designed for proactive maintenance in rail applications. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10784508 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS60989.2024.10784508 SP - 1 EP - 4 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Levina, Olga T1 - Incorporating Ethical Aspects in Information Systems Requirements Engineering T2 - Perspectives in Business Informatics Research, 23rd International Conference on Business Informatics Research, BIR 2024, Prag, Tschechien, September 11–13, 2024 N2 - Ethical considerations in software requirements engineering are a critical but often overlooked aspect of the software development process. However, requests for transparency and autonomy in the way IT artefacts are designed, described, used, applied and integrated in the everyday life are getting more pressing within the society. In this research, the process of software engineering is taken as an illustrative model for the proactive incorporation of ethical principles in the system design within the design of a software artefact. Specifically, the phase of requirements elicitation and analysis are expanded with ethical aspects, since that is where the first steps of the software construction as an artefact are initiated and the first common ground of understanding is achieved. Being rooted in the security engineering, the SQUARE process is expanded to provide a basic structure for incorporating of ethical aspects into software design. By doing so, the social and moral values become central to the design and development of new technologies. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-031-71333-0.pdf U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-71333-0_10 SP - 153 EP - 161 PB - Springer ER - TY - INPR A1 - Pepe, Alberto A1 - Lasenby, Joan A1 - Buchholz, Sven T1 - STAResNet: A Network in Spacetime Algebra to solve Maxwell's PDEs T2 - arXiv N2 - We introduce STAResNet, a ResNet architecture in Spacetime Algebra (STA) to solve Maxwell's partial differential equations (PDEs). Recently, networks in Geometric Algebra (GA) have been demonstrated to be an asset for truly geometric machine learning. In [1], GA networks have been employed for the first time to solve partial differential equations (PDEs), demonstrating an increased accuracy over real-valued networks. In this work we solve Maxwell's PDEs both in GA and STA employing the same ResNet architecture and dataset, to discuss the impact that the choice of the right algebra has on the accuracy of GA networks. Our study on STAResNet shows how the correct geometric embedding in Clifford Networks gives a mean square error (MSE), between ground truth and estimated fields, up to 2.6 times lower than than obtained with a standard Clifford ResNet with 6 times fewer trainable parameters. STAREsNet demonstrates consistently lower MSE and higher correlation regardless of scenario. The scenarios tested are: sampling period of the dataset; presence of obstacles with either seen or unseen configurations; the number of channels in the ResNet architecture; the number of rollout steps; whether the field is in 2D or 3D space. This demonstrates how choosing the right algebra in Clifford networks is a crucial factor for more compact, accurate, descriptive and better generalising pipelines. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://arxiv.org/pdf/2408.13619 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - arXiv ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Pepe, Alberto A1 - Lasenby, Joan A1 - Buchholz, Sven T1 - CGAPoseNet+GCAN: A Geometric Clifford Algebra Network for Geometry-aware Camera Pose Regression T2 - Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision, Waikoloa, Hawaii, US, 2024 N2 - We introduce CGAPoseNet+ GCAN, which enhances CGAPoseNet, an architecture for camera pose regression, with a Geometric Clifford Algebra Network (GCAN). With the addition of the GCAN we obtain a geometry-aware pipeline for camera pose regression from RGB images only. CGAPoseNet employs Clifford Geometric Algebra to unify quaternions and translation vectors into a single mathematical object, the motor, which can be used to uniquely describe camera poses. CGAPoseNet solves the issue of balancing rotation and translation components in the loss function, and can obtain comparable results to other approaches without the need of expensive tuning of the loss function or additional information about the scene, such as 3D point clouds, which might not always be available. CGAPoseNet, however, like several approaches in the literature, only learns to predict motor coefficients, and it is unaware of the mathematical space in which predictions sit in and of their geometrical meaning. By leveraging recent advances in Geometric Deep Learning, we modify CGAPoseNet with a GCAN: proposals of possible motor coefficients associated with a camera frame are obtained from the InceptionV3 backbone, and the GCAN downsamples them to a single motor through a sequence of layers that work in G_ 4, 0. The network is hence geometry-aware, has multivector-valued inputs, weights and biases and preserves the grade of the objects that it receives in input. CGAPoseNet+ GCAN has almost 4 million fewer trainable parameters, it reduces the average rotation error by 41% and the average translation error by 8.8% compared to CGAPoseNet. Similarly, it reduces rotation and translation errors by 32.6% and 19.9%, respectively, compared to the best performing PoseNet strategy. CGAPoseNet+ GCAN reaches the state-of-the-art results on 13 commonly employed datasets. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first experiment in GCANs applied to the problem of camera pose regression. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/WACV57701.2024.00646 SP - 6593 EP - 6603 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Pepe, Alberto A1 - Buchholz, Sven A1 - Lasenby, Joan T1 - Clifford Group Equivariant Neural Network Layers for Protein Structure Prediction T2 - Northern Lights Deep Learning Conference, VOL 233, 09-11 Januar 2024, Tromso, Norwegen N2 - We employ Clifford Group Equivariant Neural Network (CGENN) layers to predict protein coordinates in a Protein Structure Prediction (PSP) pipeline. PSP is the estimation of the 3D structure of a protein, generally through deep learning architectures. Information about the geometry of the protein chain has been proven to be crucial for accurate predictions of 3D structures. However, this information is usually flattened as machine learning features that are not representative of the geometric nature of the problem. Leveraging recent advances in geometric deep learning, we redesign the 3D projector part of a PSP architecture with the addition of CGENN layers . CGENNs can achieve better generalization and robustness when dealing with data that show rotational or translational invariance such as protein coordinates, which are independent of the chosen reference frame. CGENNs inputs, outputs, weights and biases are objects in the Geometric Algebra of 3D Euclidean space, i.e. G3,0,0, and hence are interpretable from a geometrical perspective. We test 6 approaches to PSP and show that CGENN layers increase the accuracy in term of GDT scores by up to 2.1\%, with fewer trainable parameters compared to linear layers and give a clear geometric interpretation of their outputs. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://proceedings.mlr.press/v233/pepe24a/pepe24a.pdf SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - PMLR ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Michaeli, Tilman A1 - Kitzelmann, Emanuel A1 - Seegerer, Stefan A1 - Romeike, Ralf T1 - Lernen aus Daten T2 - Furbach, U., Kitzelmann, E., Michaeli, T., Schmid, U. (Hrsg.) Künstliche Intelligenz für Lehrkräfte N2 - In diesem Kapitel werden Grundlagen des maschinellen Lernens erläutert und von wissensbasierten Ansätzen Künstlicher Intelligenz abgegrenzt. Dazu werden verschiedene Ansätze des maschinellen Lernens unterschieden und an Beispielen ausgeführt. Aufbauend hierauf werden gesellschaftliche Bezüge und Implikationen beleuchtet. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-44248-4_3 SP - 25 EP - 38 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Pepe, Alberto A1 - Lasenby, Joan A1 - Buchholz, Sven T1 - GA-ReLU: an activation function for Geometric Algebra Networks applied to 2D Navier-Stokes PDEs T2 - ICLR 2024 Workshop on AI4DifferentialEquations In Science, Wien, Österreich N2 - Many differential equations describing physical phenomena are intrinsically geometric in nature. It has been demonstrated how this geometric structure of data can be captured effectively through networks sitting in Geometric Algebra (GA) that work with multivectors, making them suitable candidates to solve differential equations. GA networks however, are still mostly uncharted territory. In this paper we focus on non-linearities, since applying them to multivectors is not a trivial task: they are generally applied in a point-wise fashion over each real-valued component of a multivector. This approach discards interactions between different elements of the multivector input and compromises the geometric nature of GA networks. To bridge this gap, we propose GA-ReLU, a GA approach to the rectified linear unit (ReLU), and show how it can improve the solution of Navier-Stokes PDEs. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://openreview.net/pdf?id=T54Hn1e98P SP - 1 EP - 6 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Schiller, Carina T1 - IN-FDM-BB Werkstattbericht: W 1.2.3 Gemeinsamer Lessons-Learned-Bericht zu Beratung N2 - Die Beratung von Forschenden spielt eine zentrale Rolle bei der Umsetzung und Etablierung des Forschungsdatenmanagements (FDM) im Forschungsalltag. Nach wie vor benötigen viele Forschende Unterstützung im Umgang mit ihren Forschungsdaten. Dies kann einerseits durch einen eher generischen Kenntnisstand zum Thema FDM bedingt sein, andererseits stellt der FDM-Kosmos einen hochfluiden Bereich dar – mit fortlaufend aktualisierten oder gänzlich neuen Tools und Infrastrukturen sowie veränderten Anforderungen an Forschende auch von Seiten der Forschungsförderer. Eine zentrale FDM-Anlaufstelle für die Ratsuchenden ist an den Hochschulen unerlässlich und folglich auch unter den Maßnahmen des Verbundprojekts „IN-FDM-BB – Institutionalisiertes und nachhaltiges Forschungsdatenmanagement in Brandenburg“ zu finden. Seit Oktober 2022 (Projektbeginn) werden an den beteiligten brandenburgischen Hochschulen entsprechende FDM-Kontaktpunkte auf- bzw. ausgebaut um die (Erst-)Beratung von Forschenden durchführen zu können. Darüber hinaus werden unterstützende Angebote etwa für rechtliche/ethische Fragen konzipiert und etabliert, um eine umfassende Beratung auch für spezifische Aspekte des FDMs zu ermöglichen. Bedarfsgerechte Materialien und Handreichungen, ebenso Bestandteil des Projektplans, ergänzen das individuelle Beratungsangebot. Der vorliegende Werkstattbericht stellt Erkenntnisse und Herausforderungen der Erprobungsphase dar und skizziert Ansätze, um diesen Herausforderungen lösungsorientiert begegnen zu können. Wertvolle Einblicke in die Beratungspraxis aller am Projekt beteiligter Hochschulen bilden dabei die Grundlage. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13349762 PB - Zenodo ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Frosch, Katharina A1 - Lindauer, Friederike A1 - Zuidhof, Niek T1 - Exploring the Digital Divide in Workplace Learning: A Rapid Review T2 - ICDS 2024, The Eighteenth International Conference on Digital Society, Barcelona, Spain N2 - This article examines the digital learning divide in workplace learning, with an emphasis on the disparity in the distribution of advanced learning technologies (ALT) across different types of workplaces. The study employs a rapid literature review methodology to analyze the utilization of ALT in workplace learning. The findings indicate that the use of ALT is predominantly concentrated in the education, health and medical sectors, with limited implementation in other sectors. Moreover, in smaller organizations, in non-technical sectors and among white-collar workers, there are fewer opportunities for technology-enhanced learning. The study highlights the need for more inclusive and comprehensive research to address the digital divide in workplace learning, taking into consideration practice-based evidence and exploring the themes covered by training. Furthermore, the paper proposes an investigation into the complexity and resource intensity of implementing ALT to enhance technology-based learning in all workplaces. In general, this research establishes the basis for comprehending and bridging the digital learning divide in the workplace. Y1 - 2024 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - IARIA ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frosch, Katharina A1 - Lindauer, Friederike T1 - AI-based Automated Production of Learning Content – A Means to Bridging the Digital Divide in Workplace Learning? JF - International Journal On Advances in Systems and Measurements Y1 - 2024 VL - 17 IS - 3&4 SP - 156 EP - 165 PB - IARIA ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vollmer, Michael A1 - Eberhardt, Wolfgang T1 - A simple model for the prediction of CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere, depending on global CO2 emissions JF - European Journal of Physics N2 - We present a very simple model for estimating time dependent atmospheric CO2 concentrations c(t) from global carbon emission scenarios, serving as single input data. We derive a single linear differential equation of 1st order, based on parameters which are estimated from quantitative data of the global carbon project and Mauna Loa data for CO2 concentrations. The model is tested first by comparing it to the 1960–2021 period with reasonably good quantitative agreement and, second to two of the typical current IPCC scenarios with good qualitative agreement. Finally, some new emission scenarios are modelled. Despite several drawbacks concerning absolute quantitative predictions, there are two important advantages of the model. First, it can be easily executed by students already with simple programmable spreadsheet programs such as Excel. Second input emission scenarios can be changed easily and expected changes are immediately seen for discussion during undergraduate and graduate courses on the carbon cycle and climate change. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/ad230d VL - 45 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vollmer, Michael T1 - Limitations of the eye and how to overcome them JF - Journal of Physics: Conference Series N2 - Human eyes have spatial, temporal, and spectral limitations which impose constraints on our perception. With appropriate optical devices and cameras, the limitations can be easily overcome. As a consequence, a huge variety of physical phenomena can be made accessible for teaching. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2750/1/012001 VL - 2750 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vollmer, Michael A1 - Eberhardt, Wolfgang T1 - Ein einfaches Modell für die Vorhersage von CO2 Konzentrationen in der Atmosphäre in Abhängigkeit von globalen CO2 Emissionen JF - PhyDid B, Didaktik der Physik, Beiträge zur DPG-Frühjahrstagung N2 - Es wird das vielleicht einfachst mögliche Modell vorgestellt, mit dem zeitabhängige CO2 Konzent-rationen c(t) in der Atmosphäre ausgehend von verschiedenen globalen Emissionsszenarien für CO2berechnet werden. Dazu wird eine einzelne inhomogene lineare Differenzialgleichung 1. Ordnung hergeleitet, deren Parameter sich aus den quantitativen Daten des global carbon project sowie Mauna Loa Daten für CO2 Konzentrationen errechnen. Das Modell wird erstens getestet am Zeitraum 1960 bis 2020 mit vergleichsweise guter quantitativer Übereinstimmung zu Messdaten. Zweitens wird für zwei typische IPCC Emissions-Szenarien ein Vergleich der Modellvorhersagen mit denen der kom-plexen IPCC Earth-System-Klimamodelle diskutiert mit qualitativer Übereinstimmung des zeitli-chen Verlaufs. Drittens werden Ergebnisse einiger ausgewählter neuer Emissionsszenarien präsen-tiert. Ungeachtet einiger Abweichungen zu komplexeren Klimamodellen zeichnet sich unser Mo-dell durch zwei wichtige Vorteile für die Lehre aus. Zum einen ist es sehr einfach für Studierende und begabte Schüler nutzbar, da die erforderliche Lösung der Differentialgleichung bereits mit han-delsüblicher Tabellenkalkulationssoftware wie z.B. Excel programmiert werden kann. Dadurch ge-stattet es zum anderen auch sehr einfach, den zeitlichen Verlauf von Emissionsszenarien zu verän-dern und innerhalb weniger Sekunden Veränderungen aufgrund geänderter Eingaben zu berechnen. Insofern eignet sich das Modell sehr gut als Einstieg in das Thema Klimamodellierung in einführen-den Hochschulvorlesungen zum Themenbereich Kohlenstoffkreislauf und Klimawandel. In der Schule kann es gegen Ende der Sekundarstufe 2 beispielsweise im Projektunterricht zum Themen-komplex Nachhaltigkeit in Physik und/oder Mathematik eingesetzt werden Y1 - 2024 UR - https://ojs.dpg-physik.de/index.php/phydid-b/article/view/1411 SN - 2191-379X VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - 379 EP - 388 PB - FU Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klopp, Christoph A1 - Trittel, Torsten A1 - Stannarius, Ralf T1 - Coarsening of quasi two-dimensional emulsions formed by islands in free-standing smectic films JF - ChemPhysChem N2 - We study the coarsening behavior of assemblies of islands on smectic A freely suspended films in ISS microgravity experiments. The islands can be regarded as liquid inclusions in a two-dimensional fluid in analogy to liquid droplets of the discontinuous phase of an emulsion. The coarsening is effectuated by two processes, predominantly by island coalescence, but to some extend also by Ostwald ripening, whereby large islands grow at the expense of surrounding smaller ones. A peculiarity of this system is that the continuous and the discontinuous phases consist of the same material. We determine the dynamics, analyze the self-similar aging of the island size distribution and discuss characteristic exponents of the mean island growth. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.202400166 VL - 25 IS - 12 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klopp, Christoph A1 - Stannarius, Ralf T1 - Rupture of thin nematic walls between isotropic droplets of the same mesogenic material JF - Liquid Crystals N2 - We prepared isotropic droplets surrounded by nematic fringes in smectic A freely suspended films. During their coalescence, a thin nematic film is formed that acts as a barrier and separates the isotropic cores of these droplets. This film ruptures in the course of the droplet merging process. The observation of the film dynamics provides an exceptional opportunity to study the rupture of a thin liquid barrier embedded in a surrounding viscous liquid. A detailed dynamic characterisation of the nematic walls is performed. Qualitatively similar observations have been reported in 3D for oil drops coalescing in water and vice versa, where the rupture of an intermediate thin fluid film retards the merging process. The peculiarity of the system reported here is that the material of the droplets and the membrane is identical. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/02678292.2024.2325619 VL - 51 IS - 5 SP - 783 EP - 797 PB - Taylor & Francis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Trittel, Torsten A1 - Puzyrev, Dmitry A1 - Stannarius, Ralf T1 - Platonic solids bouncing on a vibrating plate JF - Physical Review E N2 - The energy transfer between bouncing particles and rigid boundaries during impacts is crucially influenced not only by restitution coefficients of the material but also by particle shapes. This is particularly important when such particles are mechanically agitated with vibrating plates. Inertial measurement units are able to measure all acceleration and rotational velocity components of an object and store these data for subsequent analysis. We employ them to measure the dynamics of cubes and icosahedra on vibrating plates to study the efficiency of energy transfer into the individual degrees of freedom (DOFs) of the excited object. The rotational DOFs turn out to be much less excited than the vertical translational motion. Most remarkably, there is only little difference between the two Platonic solids in both the absolute energies and the energy partition ratios. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.109.034903 VL - 109 IS - 3 PB - APS ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Puzyrev, Dmitry A1 - Torsten, Torsten A1 - Harth, Kirsten A1 - Stannarius, Ralf T1 - Cooling of a granular gas mixture in microgravity JF - npj microgravity N2 - Granular gases are fascinating non-equilibrium systems with interesting features such as spontaneous clustering and non-Gaussian velocity distributions. Mixtures of different components represent a much more natural composition than monodisperse ensembles but attracted comparably little attention so far. We present the observation and characterization of a mixture of rod-like particles with different sizes and masses in a drop tower experiment. Kinetic energy decay rates during granular cooling and collision rates were determined and Haff’s law for homogeneous granular cooling was confirmed. Thereby, energy equipartition between the mixture components and between individual degrees of freedom is violated. Heavier particles keep a slightly higher average kinetic energy than lighter ones. Experimental results are supported by numerical simulations. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41526-024-00369-5 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Springer CY - Brandenburg an der Havel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Trittel, Torsten A1 - Puzyrev, Dmitry A1 - Harth, Kirsten A1 - Stannarius, Ralf T1 - Rotational and translational motions in a homogeneously cooling granular gas JF - npj microgravity N2 - A granular gas composed of monodisperse spherical particles was studied in microgravity experiments in a drop tower. Translations and rotations of the particles were extracted from optical video data. Equipartition is violated, the rotational degrees of freedom were excited only to roughly 2/3 of the translational ones. After stopping the mechanical excitation, we observed granular cooling of the ensemble for a period of three times the Haff time, where the kinetic energy dropped to about 5% of its initial value. The cooling rates of all observable degrees of freedom were comparable, and the ratio of rotational and translational kinetic energies fluctuated around a constant value. The distributions of translational and rotational velocity components showed slight but systematic deviations from Gaussians at the start of cooling. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41526-024-00420-5 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - Springer ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Frosch, Katharina A1 - Lindauer, Friederike A1 - Winkel, Carmen T1 - Utilizing Chatbots for Automating Examinations in Higher Education: Perceived Fairness, Trust and Learning Outcomes T2 - EDEN 2024 Annual Conference, University of Graz, Graz, Austria, 2024 N2 - Large Language Models (LLM) are increasingly used to support educational assessment (González-Calatayud et al.,2021), offering a promising approach to addressing challenges associated with scalability, consistency, andpersonalized feedback that manual assessment implies (Fagbohun et al., 2024).Pre-configured interfaces for building custom chatbots based on common AI models provide a low-level approachfor educators to design their own AI-based examination tools that ask learners questions and provide feedback onthe answers. An example of a prototypical application - albeit based on a self-programmed interface - is Nitze's(2024) StudyBuddy, which simulates oral exams. Yet, the extent to which these AI-based exam assistants canautonomously conduct complete exam assessments—creating questions and evaluating and grading responseswithout manual oversight—is still largely unexplored. Despite the clear advantages, issues related to the quality ofthe generated content, the precision of assessments, ethical implications, and acceptance among learners persist assignificant concerns.This paper is a proof-of-concept study combined with a field experiment for an AI-based exam assistant based onthe StudyBuddy suggested by Nitze (2024). The exam assistant provides students with a set of quiz questions andcase studies based on an 80-page reader on topics in organizational behavior, offering personalized feedback andquestion-by-question scoring ranging from 0 to 100%, along with an overall grade and personalized feedback. Toevaluate learning behavior and outcome (in the practice phase), perceived fairness (in the exam phase) and overalllearner acceptance, we run a field experiment with N=35 students enrolled in a business management program at atechnical university in Germany. They take part in a quiz assignment provided and graded by the exam assistant andsubsequently answer a survey with questions based on the Perceived Fairness scale (Sonnleitner & Kovacs, 2020)and the Trust in Automated Systems Test (Wojton et al., 2020). Additionally, the learning outcomes are assessed ina retrospective pre-post design according to Drennan and Hyde (2008). Results will be available by the End of April2024.Insights gained from this study will shed light on the question whether custom chatbots can be effectively used forscalable, efficient assessment processes in higher education. As the ready-made interfaces already available requireminimal prerequisites and technical skills, they present an accessible opportunity for instructors to develop theirown AI-based examination tools, and to ease manual corrections, to guarantee consistent grading and to providestudents with individualized, constructive feedback on their solutions even in large courses where personalizedfeedback would not be possible when manual grading is used.The results of this study will shed light on whether customised chatbots can be effectively used for scalable, efficientassessment processes in higher education. The readily available interfaces, requiring minimal prerequisites andHow do we promote fairness in digital learning futures?22technical skills, enable educators to develop their own AI-based assessment tools. This would open opportunitiesfor educators to build their own AI-based assessment tools and facilitate manual corrections, ensure consistentgrading and provide students with individualised, constructive feedback, even in large courses where personalisedfeedback would not be possible with manual grading. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/bitstream/10216/159440/2/678463.pdf#page=104 SP - 21 EP - 22 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bollow, Maximilian A1 - Frosch, Katharina A1 - Grunz, Angelina A1 - Hädicke, Svenja A1 - Judge, Rabina A1 - Levina, Olga T1 - Using Advanced Learning Technologies to Boost Sustainability Education: The Role of AI-based Chatbots T2 - EDEN 2024 Annual Conference, University of Graz, Graz, Austria, 2024 N2 - In the face of the 2030 Agenda of the United Nations, the everchanging knowledge base of sustainability and therelated learning become vital. This applies especially to the field of sustainable digitalization. The literature providesgaps in the combination of sustainable digitalization with learning, due to the rapid developments and innovationsin this field.AI-based Chatbots could be a solution to rapidly build knowledge in this fast-evolving field, as they are able to drawupon a large body of recent knowledge and allow personalized, individual learning. They are created to understandquestions and respond to users via text, voice, or avatar in an interactive manner to facilitate learning (AI-Abdullatif,2023). Thus, AI-based Chatbots could enhance student-centered e-learning, which has shown to be a valuable toolfor sustainability literacy (Diamond & Irwin, 2013). Nonetheless, existing research does not yet provide sufficientevidence on what learning outcomes (e.g., knowledge acquisition) can be achieved with this AI-based approach tolearning. Therefore, it is crucial for us to determine whether and how they can be effectively utilized for this purpose.In this study, we examine the impact of AI-based Chatbots on learning outcomes in the context of sustainabledigitalization, in comparison to conventional digital learning methods. We conduct a field experiment with a pre-and post-test assessing the respective level of knowledge and sustainability-related competencies amongparticipants. The participants of the study (N=269) engage with different types of supported learning activitiesrelated to sustainable development. Participants are randomly assigned to one of four advanced learningtechnologies: a) AI-assisted personal tutoring (Chatbot), b) non-AI-based conversational learning and c) interactivevideo with embedded activities. Variations in learning outcomes depending on design characteristics of the learningactivity will be measured using the Self-Perceived Action Competence for Sustainability Questionnaire (SPACS-Q)(Olsson et al., 2020) as well as as well as a set of questions to assess knowledge retention.Results indicate that AI-based chatbots may be a viable method to enhance knowledge about practices in sustainabledigitalization. However, sustainability action competencies, such as confidence in one's own influence on shaping amore sustainable future and the willingness to undertake concrete actions, which may require higher-order learningprocesses, are not positively affected by short learning activities with our AI-based chatbot. We found evidence thatnon-AI-based learning activities yield similar increases in building knowledge on sustainable digitalization but alsosignificantly enhance sustainability action competencies related to potential behavioral changes.What does learner-centered pedagogy look like in reimagining the digital classroom of the future?93Assuming that our results are generalizable to other learning topics, the evidence found in this study suggests thatAI-based chatbots can contribute to addressing our most significant transformational challenges, all characterizedby a rapidly evolving knowledge base. Further research is particularly needed with respect to the preferable designcharacteristics of digital learning activities (both AI-based and non-AI-based) to achieve optimal outcomes in buildingsustainability competencies. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/bitstream/10216/159440/2/678463.pdf#page=104 SP - 92 EP - 93 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Strachan, Laura M. A1 - Winkel, Carmen T1 - Oral Histories of Social, Cultural, and Environmental Changes in Saudi Arabia Before and After Saudi Aramco JF - Social Change N2 - Saudi Aramco’s influence upon the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia cannot be overstated. After the discovery of oil in 1938, a nationwide metamorphosis began to infiltrate desert communities, sleepy fishing villages, and traditional urban centres ultimately influencing the people and their environments in unimaginable ways. Becoming one of the world’s largest oil producers has meant the loss and/or transformation of traditional ways of life. Shepherds, pearl divers, fishermen, and farmers are today’s business owners, executives, and international leaders. How could the development of a single company influence a country and its populace so dramatically? Besides the financial gains, how were individuals, families, and ecosystems affected? What were some of the personal challenges experienced by Saudi citizens? In this paper, the authors address these questions and others using local Saudi knowledge. In total, 20 female university students who participated in an oral history project interviewed their family members to learn how Saudi Aramco affected them personally, their traditions, landscapes, and society more generally. Excerpts from the interviews are highlighted to expose the nuances experienced by the various research participants. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/00490857241278782 VL - 54 IS - 4 SP - 561 EP - 576 PB - Sage ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Kyba, Christopher C.M. A1 - Arroyo, Hector Linares A1 - Degen, Tobias A1 - Abascal, Angela A1 - Simoneau, Alexandre A1 - Kuffer, Monika A1 - Hölker, Franz A1 - Aubé, Martin A1 - Walczak, Ken A1 - Espey, Brian R. A1 - de Miguel, Alejandro Sánchez A1 - Jechow, Andreas A1 - Gyuk, Geza T1 - Night Watch Mission Description Document N2 - This is the Mission Description Document (MDD) for a future Earth observation satellite mission addressing visible band observations of nighttime lights. The mission driving science applications are for the remote sensing of electricity, energy, and ecological impacts via the observation of artificial light. The MDD covers the mission requirements justification from the high-level scientific objectives and societal benefits to measurement requirements at product level 1b, i.e. radiances at the top of the atmosphere. In providing justification for the individual requirements and their traceability to scientific objectives and societal challenges, we address Scientific Readiness Levels 1 to 3. The MDD is the outcome of the European Space Agency New Earth Observation Mission Ideas project "Night Watch". The Task Reports (TR) from the project are appended to the MDD, and are authored by the same group as the MDD itself. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48440/gfz.b103-24052 SP - 1 EP - 156 PB - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arslan, Eda A1 - Brücher, Viktoria A1 - Demir, Gokce A1 - Liekfeld, Anja T1 - Gender distribution of scientific contributions at German ophthalmological conferences - a baseline study T1 - Geschlechterverteilung bei wissenschaftlichen Beiträgen auf deutschen ophthalmologischen Kongressen – eine Bestandsaufnahme JF - Die Ophthalmologie N2 - The proportion of female ophthalmologists in Germany has risen to approximately 50% in recent years, and approximately 66% of medical students are women. This represents a reversal of the past situation with a male predominance. Despite this change, many international studies show that women are still underrepresented at scientific conferences, particularly among invited speakers, chairpersons, and program committees. This study aims to investigate whether these differences in gender representation are also reflected at German ophthalmological congresses and whether the situation has changed in recent years. MethodsData collection covered the years 2013, 2022, and 2023 and included the congresses of the five large German ophthalmological associations: the German Ophthalmological Society (DOG), German Ophthalmic Surgical Society (DOC), German Ophthalmological Academy (AAD), German Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (DGII) and the German Retinological Society (RG). Data were collected based on online programs and information provided by the offices and the managing committees. The numbers of female and male speakers and chairpersons were identified, as were the gender distributions of the specific program committees. Overall, the percentage of female speakers across all years and conferences surveyed averaged 25%, while female chairs averaged 17%. The percentage of females in the program committees ranged from 0% to 17%. There was an increase in the percentage of female speakers over 10 years (2013-2023). For the DOG (ptrend < 0.01) and the DOC (ptrend = 0.01) there was a significant rise, while it was highest at the DOG (37%) and lowest at the DGII (11%). The percentage of female chairs was in general lower than the percentage of female speakers for all conferences (between 11% and 26% in 2023). Only for the DOG was there a statistically significant increase over the 10 years (ptrend < 0.01). The representation of women as speakers and chairpersons at German ophthalmology conferences is low; these continue to be predominantly male dominated. Although there has been an increase in female representation over time, it remains lower than the overall proportion of women in the profession in 2023. Significant differences are observed between the various ophthalmological conferences. Further investigation into the underrepresentation of women at these conferences is necessary, and measures to encourage greater female participation at congresses should be implemented. N2 - In den letzten Jahren hat sich das Geschlechterverhältnis in der Augenheilkunde in Deutschland verändert. Derzeit sind etwa 50 % der in diesem Fach tätigen Ärztinnen und Ärzte weiblich, und bei den Medizinstudierenden liegt der Frauenanteil sogar bei rund 66 %. Diese Entwicklung stellt eine Umkehr des bisherigen Geschlechterverhältnisses im Sinne einer stärkeren Repräsentation von Frauen dar. Trotz dieser Veränderung zeigen zahlreiche internationale Studien, dass Frauen auf wissenschaftlichen Kongressen weiterhin unterrepräsentiert sind. Dies gilt insbesondere für ihre Beteiligung als geladene Rednerinnen, Vorsitzende von Sitzungen sowie als Mitglieder von Programmkommissionen. Diese Diskrepanz wirft die Frage auf, ob ähnliche Ungleichgewichte auch in Deutschland bestehen. Bisher gibt es keine systematische Untersuchung, die geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede in der Repräsentation von Vortragenden, Vorsitzenden und Mitgliedern der Programmkommissionen auf ophthalmologischen Kongressen in Deutschland beleuchtet. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, das Ausmaß dieses Geschlechterunterschieds in der deutschen Ophthalmologie auf Kongressen zu untersuchen. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-024-02154-x SN - 2731-7218 VL - 122 SP - 100 EP - 106 PB - Springer ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Broscheit, Jessica T1 - Inspired by animal species: biomimicry in participatory research JF - Information technology : it N2 - Inspired by the rich tapestry of nature, biomimicry encourages designers, engineers, and researchers to draw inspiration from the natural world to create technological solutions. However, little is known about the usage of biomimicry in participatory research involving local people without technical expertise. In this paper, we present two case studies to explore how performative biomimicry is when applied in a participatory research process with local people of different ages. To this end, we conducted two different case studies and asked our participants to analyze the characteristics of different animal species to design an interactive prototype that addresses a specific task. Both case studies demonstrated promising potential for biomimicry, as the participants drew inspiration from animal species to develop functional prototypes and narratives that resonate on an emotional level. Finally, we discuss the benefits of integrating biomimicry in participatory research and how this method could be used to promote social change and transformation in the society, for example, in STEM education, digital literacy, and environmental awareness. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/itit-2023-0121 VL - 66 IS - 2-3 SP - 56 EP - 63 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fitz, Lukas R. G. A1 - Scheeg, Jochen T1 - Content-And-Review Platform Engagement of End-Users and Local Businesses – An Explorative Analysis Based on Google Maps Data T2 - Digital Economy. Emerging Technologies and Business Innovation. ICDEc 2024. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing N2 - One fundamental value proposition of every digital platform is to facilitate transactions between two or more stakeholders. Active user engagement is therefore a crucial success factor for platforms to thrive, grow and establish a competitive network. This paper delves into the topic of platform engagement on content-and-review platforms by using Google Maps as a research tool. Applying a qualitative approach, a descriptive analysis of local business entities’ data on Google Maps is elaborated, focusing particularly on engagement activi-ties in the conjunction of business-owners and end-users. The findings suggest that under-, over-, and non-engagement are less desirable for local business entities. Following a practice-oriented discussion, strategic pathways are proposed to leverage business value from platform engagement activities. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-76365-6_12 VL - 530 SP - 179 EP - 192 PB - Springer ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Degen, Jacqueline A1 - Storms, Mona A1 - Lee, Benjamin A1 - Jechow, Andreas A1 - Stoeckl, Anna A1 - Hoelker, Franz A1 - Jakhar, Aryan A1 - Walter, Thomas A1 - Walter, Stefan A1 - Mitesser, Oliver A1 - Hovestadt, Thomas A1 - Degen, Tobias T1 - Shedding light with harmonic radar: Unveiling the hidden impacts of streetlights on moth flight behavior JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America N2 - One of the most dramatic changes occurring on our planet is the ever- increasing extensive use of artificial light at night, which drastically altered the environment to which nocturnal animals are adapted. Such light pollution has been identified as a driver in the dramatic insect decline of the past years. One nocturnal species group experiencing marked declines are moths, which play a key role in food webs and ecosystem services such as plant pollination. Moths can be easily monitored within the illuminated area of a streetlight, where they typically exhibit disoriented behavior. Yet, little is known about their behavior beyond the illuminated area. Harmonic radar tracking enabled us to close this knowledge gap. We found a significant change in flight behavior beyond the illuminated area of a streetlight. A detailed analysis of the recorded trajectories revealed a barrier effect of streetlights on lappet moths whenever the moon was not available as a natural celestial cue. Furthermore, streetlights increased the tortuosity of flights for both hawk moths and lappet moths. Surprisingly, we had to reject our fundamental hypothesis that most individuals would fly toward a streetlight. Instead, this was true for only 4% of the tested individuals, indicating that the impact of light pollution might be more severe than assumed to date. Our results provide experimental evidence for the fragmentation of landscapes by streetlights and demonstrate that light pollution affects movement patterns of moths beyond what was previously assumed, potentially affecting their reproductive success and hampering a vital ecosystem service. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2401215121 VL - 121 IS - 42 PB - National Academy of Sciences ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Furbach, Ulrich A1 - Michaeli, Tilman A1 - Schmid, Ute A1 - Kitzelmann, Emanuel T1 - Künstliche Intelligenz für Lehrkräfte: Eine fachliche Einführung mit didaktischen Hinweisen Y1 - 2024 SN - 9783658442477 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-44248-4 PB - Springer ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Grunwald, Guido A1 - Schwill, Jürgen T1 - Workbook Marktforschung: Konzepte - Methoden - Umsetzung N2 - Sowohl für die eigene Durchführung von Marktforschungsstudien als auch für die Interpretation und Beurteilung von in Auftrag gegebenen Studien sind profunde Marktforschungskenntnisse unverzichtbar. Mit welcher Erhebungsmethode können Daten möglichst unverzerrt gewonnen werden? Wie ist das Erhebungsdesign festzulegen, um einen hohen Datenrücklauf zu erreichen? Wie können die Daten analysiert und interpretiert werden? Wie lässt sich die Qualität der Studie und der Ergebnisse einschätzen? Wie können die Ergebnisse zielgruppengerecht präsentiert werden? Das Workbook Marktforschung bietet Praktiker:innen und Studierenden einen schnellen Überblick über die Methoden und Werkzeuge zur Konzeption, Durchführung und Beurteilung von Marktforschungsstudien. Dabei werden die zentralen Methoden der qualitativen und quantitativen Forschung zur Erhebung und Analyse von Marktdaten abgedeckt. Die Tools werden in kompakt-strukturierter Form präsentiert und anhand von Beispielen erläutert. Zu jedem Tool gibt es hilfreiche Tipps für die praktische Umsetzung. Y1 - 2024 SN - 9783791062495 PB - Schäffer-Poeschel CY - Stuttgart ET - 1 ER - TY - INPR A1 - Brasche, Ulrich T1 - Climate justice - dimensions and conflicts N2 - Probably no-one will publicly admit that justice is not important to him. The allegation of injustice is used to describe moral positions and justify demands. However, there is no simple and unambiguous description of just positions or just actions. To overcome the man-made climate crisis, a fair distribution of benefits and burdens is called for. Some stakeholders also use the argument of justice to disguise their interests. The question to be clarified is: Who may cause how much damage to whom and who must make what efforts to compensate for the damage and prevent future damage? This text reports on attempts to establish an ethical foundation for climate justice and on international political activities that claim to achieve greater climate justice. Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - INPR A1 - Heinl, Patrizia A1 - Patapovas, Andrius A1 - Pilgermann, Michael T1 - Towards AI-enabled Cyber Threat Assessment in the Health Sector N2 - Cyber attacks on the healthcare industry can have tremendous consequences and the attack surface expands continuously. In order to handle the steadily rising workload, an expanding amount of analog processes in healthcare institutions is digitized. Despite regulations becoming stricter, not all existing infrastructure is sufficiently protected against cyber attacks. With an increasing number of devices and digital processes, the system and network landscape becomes more complex and harder to manage and therefore also more difficult to protect. The aim of this project is to introduce an AI-enabled platform that collects security relevant information from the outside of a health organization, analyzes it, delivers a risk score and supports decision makers in healthcare institutions to optimize investment choices for security measures. Therefore, an architecture of such a platform is designed, relevant information sources are identified, and AI methods for relevant data collection, selection, and risk scoring are explored. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2409.12765 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stein, Stefan A1 - Weber, Simon A1 - Pilgermann, Michael A1 - Schrader, Thomas A1 - Sedlmayr, Martin T1 - A Novel Approach to Medical Device IT Security Landscape Analysis Leveraging Manufacturer Disclosure Statements JF - IEEE Access N2 - The growing number of cyberattacks targeting the healthcare sector increasingly threatens network-enabled medical devices that are vital for life-sustaining patient care. Security researchers and healthcare IT managers are pursuing effective methods to assess the IT security landscape of medical devices. Their goal is to develop a comprehensive understanding of the devices’ IT security status. Recent studies have successfully uncovered structural deficiencies in medical device security. However, the limitations of their data sources, particularly in evaluating features like logging capabilities and third-party libraries, restrict the scope of their findings. In this study, we present the first systematic analysis of Manufacturer Disclosure Statement for Medical Device Security (MDS2) documents to evaluate their use in creating holistic statements regarding the IT security posture of medical devices. We examined a total of 147 MDS2 documents encompassing devices from 105 different classes. Our findings indicate that MDS2 documents, especially those from the second version (2013) onwards, are suitable for this purpose. We also discuss the shortcomings of the latest MDS2 version in meeting current IT security requirements. Based on the gaps identified, we developed several recommendations to improve MDS2 documents and enhance their effectiveness across the global healthcare sector. In the future, these documents could be used not only for comprehensive landscape analyses but also for organization-specific reports, providing healthcare managers with direct insights into the IT security status within their institutions. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3487824 SN - 2169-3536 IS - 12 SP - 160506 EP - 160515 PB - IEEE ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weber, Simon B. A1 - Feger, Marc A1 - Pilgermann, Michael T1 - Don't Stop Believin': A Unified Evaluation Approach for LLM Honeypots JF - IEEE Access N2 - The research area of honeypots is gaining new momentum, driven by advancements in large language models (LLMs). The chat-based applications of generative pretrained transformer (GPT) models seem ideal for the use as honeypot backends, especially in request-response protocols like Secure Shell (SSH). By leveraging LLMs, many challenges associated with traditional honeypots - such as high development costs, ease of exposure, and breakout risks - appear to be solved. While early studies have primarily focused on the potential of these models, our research investigates the current limitations of GPT-3.5 by analyzing three datasets of varying complexity. We conducted an expert annotation of over 1,400 request-response pairs, encompassing 230 different base commands. Our findings reveal that while GPT-3.5 struggles to maintain context, incorporating session context into response generation improves the quality of SSH responses. Additionally, we explored whether distinguishing between convincing and non-convincing responses is a metrics issue. We propose a paraphrase-mining approach to address this challenge, which achieved a macro F1 score of 77.85% using cosine distance in our evaluation. This method has the potential to reduce annotation efforts, converge LLM-based honeypot performance evaluation, and facilitate comparisons between new and previous approaches in future research. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3472460 IS - 12 SP - 144579 EP - 144587 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Giske, Karl A1 - Bankwitz, Madeleine A1 - Engel, Christian A1 - Bendyk, Ricky A1 - Hirsch, Soeren T1 - Advanced Sensor Systems for Sustainable Building Modernization: A Technological Approach to Enhance CO2 Savings T2 - EUROSENSORS XXXVI, Debrecen, Hungary, 2024 N2 - This work presents an advanced sensor system design developed to improve diagnostic methods for sustainable building renovation, with focus on the optimization of energy efficiency and the achievement of significant CO2 reduction in the construction sector. Introduction Considering the challenges posed by climate change, it is imperative to adopt innovative strategies in all sectors, with particular focus on construction and real estate, which are well-known contributors to energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Sustainable renovation represents a pivotal approach for enhancing energy efficiency , reducing energy demand and improving environmental footprints through precise resource management and energy-efficient construction practices [1]. Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-3-910600-03-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5162/EUROSENSORSXXXVI/OT10.184 SP - 216 EP - 217 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Müller, Katja A1 - Flassig, Peter A1 - Flassig, Robert T1 - Numerical Simulations and Sensitivity Analysis of Ice Formation on Fan Blades T2 - ASME Turbo Expo 2024: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition, London, 2024 N2 - In-flight icing, the formation of ice during flight, poses risks to the safety and reliability of aircraft. Due to environmental conditions, ice accumulation occurs on the low-pressure compressor blades of an engine, diminishing aerodynamic performance and potentially causing damage to the engine. Numerical simulations of ice accretion are conducted on the blades of the NASA Rotor 67 utilizing the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software ANSYS CFX and the in-flight icing software FENSAP-ICE. One-dimensional and two-dimensional sensitivity studies aim to analyze the influences of temperature, droplet diameter and liquid water content (LWC) on the resulting ice build-up on the blade. The analyses reveal that ice accumulates predominantly at the leading edge of the blade, where collection efficiency is maximal. Additionally, an ice layer forms at the blade root on the pressure side. While LWC and temperature exerts a significant influence on the ice mass, only a marginal impact on droplet diameter is observed. Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-0-7918-8806-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2024-125715 PB - ASME ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Wrobel, Martin T1 - Marketing und Vertrieb für Startups BT - Praxiserprobte Strategien zur Kundengewinnung KW - Marketing KW - Unternehmensgründung KW - Risikokapital Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-3-658-44081-7 (softcover) SN - 978-3-658-44082-4 (eBook) U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-44082-4 PB - Springer Gabler CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jechow, Andreas A1 - Bumberger, Jan A1 - Palm, Bert A1 - Remmler, Paul A1 - Schreck, Günter A1 - Ogashawara, Igor A1 - Kiel, Christine A1 - Kohnert, Katrin A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter A1 - Singer, Gabirel A. A1 - Nejstgaard, Jens C. A1 - Wollrab, Sabine A1 - Berger, Stella A. A1 - Hölker, Franz T1 - Characterizing and Implementing the Hamamatsu C12880MA Mini-Spectrometer for Near-Surface Reflectance Measurements of Inland Waters JF - Sensors N2 - In recent decades, inland water remote sensing has seen growing interest and very strong development. This includes improved spatial resolution, increased revisiting times, advanced multispectral sensors and recently even hyperspectral sensors. However, inland waters are more challenging than oceanic waters due to their higher complexity of optically active constituents and stronger adjacency effects due to their small size and nearby vegetation and built structures. Thus, bio-optical modeling of inland waters requires higher ground-truthing efforts. Large-scale ground-based sensor networks that are robust, self-sufficient, non-maintenance-intensive and low-cost could assist this otherwise labor-intensive task. Furthermore, most existing sensor systems are rather expensive, precluding their employability. Recently, low-cost mini-spectrometers have become widely available, which could potentially solve this issue. In this study, we analyze the characteristics of such a mini-spectrometer, the Hamamatsu C12880MA, and test it regarding its application in measuring water-leaving radiance near the surface. Overall, the measurements performed in the laboratory and in the field show that the system is very suitable for the targeted application. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/s24196445 VL - 24 IS - 19 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - MDPI ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Trancón y Widemann, Baltasar A1 - Lepper, Markus ED - Ertl, M. Anton ED - Kirsch, Christoph M. T1 - Imagine There’s No Source Code: Replay Diagnostic Location Information in Dynamic EDSL Meta-programming T2 - MPLR 2024: Proceedings of the 21st ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Managed Programming Languages and Runtimes N2 - Programs in embedded domain-specific languages are realized as graphs of objects of the host language rather than as static input texts. This property enables dynamic meta-programming, but also makes it harder to attach location information to diagnostic messages that arise at a later stage, after the program graph construction. Thus, EDSL-generating expressions and algorithms can be difficult to debug. Here, we present a technique for transparently capturing and replaying location information about the origin of EDSL program objects. It has been implemented in the context of the LLJava-live EDSL-to-bytecode compiler framework on the JVM. The basic idea can be generalized to other contexts, and to any managed runtime environment with reified stack traces Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/3679007.3685061 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - ACM CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Doudkin, Alexander A1 - Kindsmüller, Martin Christof T1 - Do not touch! - An artistic climate data visualization using motion capturing and 3D computer graphics T2 - Mensch und Computer 2024 – Workshopband, Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V., 01.-04. September 2024, Karlsruhe, German N2 - This demo explores an innovative artistic installation that creatively visualizes global temperature data using graphical visualization and motion capture technologies. By combining video-based posture capturing of nearby individuals with a dynamically rendered 3D model of the planet Earth, this installation offers an interactive and immersive experience. The goal is to transform climate change data into an engaging visual format, making it more accessible and impactful for a wide range of audiences. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18420/muc2024-mci-demo-319 SP - 1 EP - 3 PB - Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. CY - Karlsruhe ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Tuncer, Zeynep A1 - Rumpler, Martrin A1 - Heinecke, Andreas M. A1 - Rakow, Thomas C. A1 - Jent, Sophie A1 - Kindsmüller, Martin Christof T1 - 65 - Empfehlung zum Curriculum für Bachelorstudiengänge Medieninformatik Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18420/rec2024_065 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ogashawara, Igor A1 - Wollrab, Sabine A1 - Berger, Stella A. A1 - Kiel, Christine A1 - Jechow, Andreas A1 - Guislain, Alexis L. N. A1 - Gege, Peter A1 - Ruhtz, Thomas A1 - Hieronymi, Martin A1 - Schneider, Thomas A1 - Lischeid, Gunnar A1 - Singer, Gabriel A. A1 - Hölker, Franz A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter A1 - Nejstgaard, Jens Christian T1 - Unleashing the power of remote sensing data in aquatic research: Guidelines for optimal utilization JF - Limnology and Oceanography Letters N2 - The growing utilization of remote sensing data in lake studies provides crucial spatial insights into biogeochemistry and biology. However, clarity regarding the development and intended use of remote sensing products is often lacking. This letter aims to elucidate the tradeoffs for the utilization of remote sensing data in limnological studies with an example of based on the estimation of chlorophyll a due to its importance as a water quality indicator. The analysis initiates with a meticulous product selection, requiring an evaluation of its capacity to address the optical complexity of freshwater systems. Assessing atmospheric correction and product limitations ensures alignment with the study's objectives. Subsequently, rigorous validation of remote sensing products is essential, accompanied by a cautious interpretation of the data. This letter advocates for the use of remote sensing data, offering key strategies for their optimal utilization in lake studies. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10427 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Wiley ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fitz, Lukas R. G. A1 - Scheeg, Michaela A1 - Scheeg, Jochen T1 - Information, Inspiration, Innovation - Designing an Open Innovation Platform for SME Digital Transformation Projects T2 - CENTERIS – International Conference on ENTERprise Information Systems / ProjMAN – International Conference on Project MANagement / HCist – International Conference on Health and Social Care Information Systems and Technologies 2023 N2 - When small- and medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) pursue digital transformation (DT) projects, awareness for available solutions and exploration of best practices and collaboration opportunities belong to key activities. This short paper presents background, design and preliminary evaluation of an open innovation (OI) platform for SME DT, which showcases projects completed by collaborating expert institutions and offers new project pitches. Initial findings from user tests with SME practitioners indicate that the solution supports SMEs in DT exploration phases. Moreover, insights on SME OI platform design criteria are derived. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2024.06.276 SP - 11009 EP - 11114 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hagen, Dirk A1 - Hasche, Eberhard A1 - Creutzburg, Reiner M. T1 - The 300th anniversary of Immanuel Kant: opportunities and challenges of the mega-event with ethically oriented XR and VFX T2 - SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing, 2024, National Harbor, Maryland, United States N2 - The 300th birthday of the world-famous German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) in 2024 offers an extraordinary opportunity to explore integrating advanced technologies into cultural mega-events. This paper examines the opportunities and challenges of using various technologies, such as Extended Reality (XR) and Visual Effects (VFX), to bring this essential European intellectual to a broader audience. These technologies, including technological advances based on real-time rendering in conjunction with LED volumes and high-quality 3D assets, offer immersive and interactive event experiences. However, the use of these technologies presents specific challenges, such as processing limitations and the need to create specialized content, including the development of 3D models relevant to the life and philosophy of Immanuel Kant. This article provides an overview of the current state of such opportunities and challenges and examines their application in the context of this cultural mega-event. The aim is to create a compelling event experience, e.g., as part of a museum visit, while simultaneously using technology in a meaningful educational way. It is essential not to overload historical and intellectual personalities such as Immanuel Kant with technological possibilities in the sense of an ethical responsibility. At the same time, the creation and communication of knowledge require explanation in a museum context or another explanatory framework. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3025603 SP - 193 EP - 204 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kraska, Martin T1 - SMath + Maxima - Powerful Tool for Engineering Calculations T2 - 2024 7th International Conference on Information Technologies in Engineering Education (Inforino), Moscow, Russian Federation N2 - SMath Studio is mathematical notebook software similar to Mathcad. Its outstanding and intuitive support for scientific units makes it an invaluable asset in higher engineering education. SMath Studio has been used for more than ten years in various courses at Brandenburg University of Applied Sciences, Germany (Technische Hochschule Brandenburg, THB). To enhance the usability of the software, substantial contributions have been made. One of them is the Maxima plugin for access to the free and open-source computer algebra system Maxima. This plugin combines the flexible notebook format of SMath Studio with powerful symbolic functions like integrals and solvers for algebraic and differential equations. Additionally, the plugin adds interactive 3D graphics to SMath. The paper discusses the basic design, features, and limitations, and showcases some applications. Y1 - 2024 SN - 979-8-3503-7136-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/Inforino60363.2024.10551993 SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Veldyaeva, Ekaterina A1 - Fitz, Lukas R. G. A1 - Scheeg, Jochen T1 - Gamifying IT Service Management Education for Future IT Professionals T2 - Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 2024 N2 - IT Service Management (ITSM) education is nowadays an established subject of IT-related higher education programs worldwide. The recent years have witnessed significant developments in software and ITSM frameworks, which underscores the importance of adapting educational formats to meet the latest standards. Recent developments include the introduction of practice-oriented approaches and case-based learning. Building upon previous literature, this study describes and evaluates the first iteration of a teaching case integrating a simulation game for practicing ITIL® 4 foundations in an undergraduate ITSM curriculum. The game-based approach shows scalability and dynamism, fostering high student engagement and content comprehension. It represents a promising avenue for training IT workers and contributes to ongoing ITSM education development. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://aisel.aisnet.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1066&context=pacis2024 SP - 1 EP - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dietenberger, Manuel A1 - Jechow, Andreas A1 - Kalinkat, Gregor A1 - Schroer, Sibylle A1 - Saathoff, Birte A1 - Hölker, Franz T1 - Reducing the fatal attraction of nocturnal insects using tailored and shielded road lights JF - communications biology N2 - The attraction of insects to artificial light is a global environmental problem with far-reaching implications for ecosystems. Since light pollution is rarely integrated into conservation approaches, effective mitigation strategies towards environmentally friendly lighting that drastically reduce insect attraction are urgently needed. Here, we tested novel luminaires in two experiments (i) at a controlled experimental field site and (ii) on streets within three municipalities. The luminaires are individually tailored to only emit light onto the target area and to reduce spill light. In addition, a customized shielding renders the light source nearly invisible beyond the lit area. We show that these novel luminaires significantly reduce the attraction effect on flying insects compared to different conventional luminaires with the same illuminance on the ground. This underlines the huge potential of spatially optimized lighting to help to bend the curve of global insect decline without compromising human safety aspects. A customized light distribution should therefore be part of sustainable future lighting concepts, most relevant in the vicinity of protected areas. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-06304-4 VL - 7 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jechow, Andreas T1 - Let there be Skyglow - light pollution from a large outdoor music festival (Lollapalooza Berlin 2016) JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Live music is often linked to elaborate light shows, particularly at large outdoor music festivals. However, artificial light at night is one form of environmental pollution, light pollution, and because outdoor festivals emit a substantial amount of artificial light into the environment, they are a potential source of light pollution. So far, no studies that quantified the impact of such festivals on urban light pollution and skyglow exist. Here, the light pollution produced by a major rock festival (Lollapalooza Berlin 2016 with 70,000 visitors per day in an urban park) was investigated with ground-based radiometry and night-time light data. A small night-sky radiometer installed near the main stages and a calibrated digital camera from a nearby observation spot inside of the park were used to quantify changes in night sky brightness and direct light emissions within the park. The impact of the music festival on the urban skyglow was indeed measurable. Zenith luminance increased locally by up to a factor of 8 and illuminance increased by about 50% at the observation spot within the park. The radiance detected by night-time satellite was also increased during the festival. This is the first time, that light pollution from such a major rock music event was quantified. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-62448-7 VL - 14 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Nature ER -