@article{YuekselSchwarzCreutzburg2020, author = {Y{\"u}ksel, Benjamin and Schwarz, Klaus and Creutzburg, Reiner}, title = {AI-based anomaly detection for cyberattacks on Windows systems-Creation of a prototype for automated monitoring of the process environment}, series = {Electronic Imaging}, journal = {Electronic Imaging}, publisher = {Society for Imaging Science and Technology}, address = {Springfield, VA}, issn = {2470-1173}, doi = {10.2352/ISSN.2470-1173.2020.3.MOBMU-331}, pages = {331-1 -- 331-13}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @article{PfeifferDilipSuryawanshietal.2021, author = {Pfeiffer, Thomas and Dilip, Khadse Himanshu and Suryawanshi, Raunak and Kishnamurthy, Gnana Swaroop and T{\´e}llez, Batcheva Dom{\´i}nguez and Creutzburg, Reiner and Hartmann, Michael}, title = {Airflow visualization and air purifier positioning optimization in potentially COVID-19 contaminated classrooms}, series = {Electronic Imaging}, journal = {Electronic Imaging}, publisher = {Society for Imaging Science and Technology}, address = {Springfield, VA}, issn = {2470-1173}, doi = {10.2352/ISSN.2470-1173.2021.3.MOBMU-039}, pages = {39-1 -- 39-15}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{KantJohannsenCreutzburg2021, author = {Kant, Daniel and Johannsen, Andreas and Creutzburg, Reiner}, title = {Analysis of IoT Security Risks based on the exposure of the MQTT Protocol}, series = {IS and T International Symposium on Electronic Imaging Science and Technology}, volume = {33}, journal = {IS and T International Symposium on Electronic Imaging Science and Technology}, publisher = {Society for Imaging Science and Technology (IS\&T)}, doi = {10.2352/ISSN.2470-1173.2021.3.MOBMU-096}, pages = {096-1 -- 096-8}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @unpublished{TusetPeiroPilgermannPeguerolesetal.2025, author = {Tuset-Peiro, Pere and Pilgermann, Michael and Pegueroles, Josep and Vilajosana, Xavier}, title = {Assessing Cybersecurity of Internet-Facing Medical IT Systems in Germany \& Spain Using OSINT Tools}, doi = {10.20944/preprints202503.1340.v1}, pages = {190 -- 197}, year = {2025}, abstract = {This paper investigates cybersecurity threats in medical IT (Information Technology) systems exposed to the Internet. To that end, we develop a methodology and build a data processing pipeline that allows to gather data from different OSINT (Open Source Intelligence) sources, and processes it to obtain relevant cybersecurity metrics. To validate its operation and usefulness, we apply it to two countries, Germany and Spain, allowing to study the main threats that affect medical IT systems in these countries. Our initial findings reveal that 20\% of German hosts and 15\% of Spanish hosts tagged as medical devices have at least one CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures) with a CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System) graded as critical (i.e., value 8 or greater). Moreover, we found that 74\% of CVEs found in German hosts are dated from earlier than 2020, whereas for Spanish hosts the percentage is 60\%. This indicates that medical IT systems exposed to the Internet are seldom updated, which further increases their exposure to cyberthreats. Based on these initial findings, we finish the paper providing some insights on how to improve cybersecurity of these systems.}, language = {en} } @article{WeberSteinPilgermannetal.2023, author = {Weber, Simon B. and Stein, Stefan and Pilgermann, Michael and Schrader, Thomas}, title = {Attack Detection for Medical Cyber-Physical Systems - A Systematic Literature Review}, series = {IEEE Access}, journal = {IEEE Access}, number = {11}, publisher = {IEEE}, doi = {10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3270225}, pages = {41796 -- 41815}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The threat situation due to cyber attacks in hospitals is emerging and patient life is at risk. One significant source of potential vulnerabilities is medical cyber-physical systems (MCPS). Detecting intrusions in this environment faces challenges different from other domains, mainly due to the heterogeneity of devices, the diversity of connectivity types, and the variety of terminology. To summarize existing results, we conducted a structured literature review (SLR) following the guidelines of Kitchenham et al. for SLRs in software engineering. We developed six research questions regarding detection approach, detection location, included features, adversarial focus, utilized datasets, and intrusion prevention. We identified that most researchers focused on an anomaly-based detection approach at the network layer. The primary focus was on the detection of malicious insiders. While several researchers used publicly available datasets for training and testing their algorithms, the lack of suitable datasets resulted in the development of testbeds consisting of various medical devices. Based on the results, we formulated five future research topics. First, the special conditions of hospital networks, the MCPS deployed within them, and the contrasts to other IT and OT environments should be examined. Thereupon, MCPS-specific datasets should be created that allow researchers to address the health domain's unique requirements and possibilities. At the same time, endeavors aimed at standardization in this area should be supported and expanded. Moreover, the use of medical context for attack detection should be further explored. Last but not least, efforts for MCPS-tailored intrusion prevention should be intensified. This way, the emerging threat landscape can be addressed, IT security in hospitals can be improved, and patient health can be protected.}, language = {en} } @article{Loose2007, author = {Loose, Harald}, title = {Autonomous mobile robots for outdoor tasks}, series = {Mechanika}, volume = {68}, journal = {Mechanika}, number = {6}, publisher = {Kaunas University of Technology}, address = {Kaunas}, doi = {10.5755/j02.mech.36230}, pages = {70 -- 73}, year = {2007}, abstract = {This paper presents a low-cost hardware platform for outdoor robots, being suitable for education, industrial prototyping and private use. The choice of components is discussed, including platform, sensors and controller as well as GPS and image processing hardware. Furthermore, a software approach is proposed, allowing students and researchers to easily implement own algorithms for localization, navigation and the tasks to fulfill. Several robots can be integrated in a framework which connects various different hardware platforms, called the BOSPORUS network. Together with other components, they form an intelligent network for gathering sensor and image data, sensor data fusion, navigation and control of mobile platforms. The architecture of a reference platform on the campus of the Brandenburg University of Applied Sciences is presented and evaluated.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PepeLasenbyBuchholz2024, author = {Pepe, Alberto and Lasenby, Joan and Buchholz, Sven}, title = {CGAPoseNet+GCAN: A Geometric Clifford Algebra Network for Geometry-aware Camera Pose Regression}, series = {Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision, Waikoloa, Hawaii, US, 2024}, booktitle = {Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision, Waikoloa, Hawaii, US, 2024}, publisher = {IEEE}, doi = {10.1109/WACV57701.2024.00646}, pages = {6593 -- 6603}, year = {2024}, abstract = {We introduce CGAPoseNet+ GCAN, which enhances CGAPoseNet, an architecture for camera pose regression, with a Geometric Clifford Algebra Network (GCAN). With the addition of the GCAN we obtain a geometry-aware pipeline for camera pose regression from RGB images only. CGAPoseNet employs Clifford Geometric Algebra to unify quaternions and translation vectors into a single mathematical object, the motor, which can be used to uniquely describe camera poses. CGAPoseNet solves the issue of balancing rotation and translation components in the loss function, and can obtain comparable results to other approaches without the need of expensive tuning of the loss function or additional information about the scene, such as 3D point clouds, which might not always be available. CGAPoseNet, however, like several approaches in the literature, only learns to predict motor coefficients, and it is unaware of the mathematical space in which predictions sit in and of their geometrical meaning. By leveraging recent advances in Geometric Deep Learning, we modify CGAPoseNet with a GCAN: proposals of possible motor coefficients associated with a camera frame are obtained from the InceptionV3 backbone, and the GCAN downsamples them to a single motor through a sequence of layers that work in G_ 4, 0. The network is hence geometry-aware, has multivector-valued inputs, weights and biases and preserves the grade of the objects that it receives in input. CGAPoseNet+ GCAN has almost 4 million fewer trainable parameters, it reduces the average rotation error by 41\% and the average translation error by 8.8\% compared to CGAPoseNet. Similarly, it reduces rotation and translation errors by 32.6\% and 19.9\%, respectively, compared to the best performing PoseNet strategy. CGAPoseNet+ GCAN reaches the state-of-the-art results on 13 commonly employed datasets. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first experiment in GCANs applied to the problem of camera pose regression.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PepeBuchholzLasenby2024, author = {Pepe, Alberto and Buchholz, Sven and Lasenby, Joan}, title = {Clifford Group Equivariant Neural Network Layers for Protein Structure Prediction}, series = {Northern Lights Deep Learning Conference, VOL 233, 09-11 Januar 2024, Tromso, Norwegen}, booktitle = {Northern Lights Deep Learning Conference, VOL 233, 09-11 Januar 2024, Tromso, Norwegen}, publisher = {PMLR}, pages = {1 -- 7}, year = {2024}, abstract = {We employ Clifford Group Equivariant Neural Network (CGENN) layers to predict protein coordinates in a Protein Structure Prediction (PSP) pipeline. PSP is the estimation of the 3D structure of a protein, generally through deep learning architectures. Information about the geometry of the protein chain has been proven to be crucial for accurate predictions of 3D structures. However, this information is usually flattened as machine learning features that are not representative of the geometric nature of the problem. Leveraging recent advances in geometric deep learning, we redesign the 3D projector part of a PSP architecture with the addition of CGENN layers . CGENNs can achieve better generalization and robustness when dealing with data that show rotational or translational invariance such as protein coordinates, which are independent of the chosen reference frame. CGENNs inputs, outputs, weights and biases are objects in the Geometric Algebra of 3D Euclidean space, i.e. G3,0,0, and hence are interpretable from a geometrical perspective. We test 6 approaches to PSP and show that CGENN layers increase the accuracy in term of GDT scores by up to 2.1\\%, with fewer trainable parameters compared to linear layers and give a clear geometric interpretation of their outputs.}, language = {en} } @article{PilgermannBocklischCreutzburg2020, author = {Pilgermann, Michael and Bocklisch, Thomas and Creutzburg, Reiner}, title = {Conception and implementation of a course for professional training and education in the field of IoT and smart home security}, series = {Electronic Imaging}, journal = {Electronic Imaging}, publisher = {Society for Imaging Science and Technology}, issn = {2470-1173}, doi = {10.2352/ISSN.2470-1173.2020.3.MOBMU-277}, pages = {277-1 -- 277-8}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @article{RichterSchwarzCreutzburg2021, author = {Richter, Maximilian and Schwarz, Klaus and Creutzburg, Reiner}, title = {Conception and Implementation of Professional Laboratory Exercises in the field of ICS/SCADA Security - Part I: Fundamentals}, series = {Electronic imaging}, journal = {Electronic imaging}, publisher = {Society for Imaging Science and Technology}, doi = {10.2352/ISSN.2470-1173.2021.3.MOBMU-073}, pages = {73-1 -- 73-13}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{RichterSchwarzCreutzburg2021, author = {Richter, Maximilian and Schwarz, Klaus and Creutzburg, Reiner}, title = {Conception and Implementation of Professional Laboratory Exercises in the field of ICS/SCADA Security Part II: Red Teaming and Blue Teaming}, series = {Electronic Imaging}, journal = {Electronic Imaging}, publisher = {Society for Imaging Science and Technology}, address = {Springfield, VA}, issn = {2470-1173}, doi = {10.2352/ISSN.2470-1173.2021.3.MOBMU-074}, pages = {74-1 -- 74-13}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{SchwarzSchwarzCreutzburg2020, author = {Schwarz, Klaus and Schwarz, Franziska and Creutzburg, Reiner}, title = {Conception and implementation of professional laboratory exercises in the field of open source intelligence (OSINT)}, series = {Electronic Imaging}, journal = {Electronic Imaging}, publisher = {Society for Imaging Science and Technology}, address = {Springfield, VA}, issn = {2470-1173}, doi = {10.2352/ISSN.2470-1173.2020.3.MOBMU-278}, pages = {278-1 -- 278-10}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @article{SchwarzSchwarzCreutzburg2020, author = {Schwarz, Franziska and Schwarz, Klaus and Creutzburg, Reiner}, title = {Conception of a Secure Remote Maintenance Procedure Using Dedicated Hardware}, series = {Electronic Imaging}, journal = {Electronic Imaging}, publisher = {Society for Imaging Science and Technology}, address = {Springfield, VA}, issn = {2470-1173}, doi = {10.2352/ISSN.2470-1173.2020.3.MOBMU-336}, pages = {336-1 -- 336-7}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @article{HascheBenningKaraschewskietal.2020, author = {Hasche, Eberhard and Benning, Dominik and Karaschewski, Oliver and Carstens, Florian and Creutzburg, Reiner}, title = {Creating high-resolution 360-degree single-line 25K video content for modern conference rooms using film compositing techniques}, series = {Electronic Imaging}, journal = {Electronic Imaging}, publisher = {Society for Imaging Science and Technology}, issn = {2470-1173}, doi = {10.2352/ISSN.2470-1173.2020.3.MOBMU-206}, pages = {206-1 -- 206-14}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @article{SchwarzCreutzburg2021, author = {Schwarz, Klaus and Creutzburg, Reiner}, title = {Design of Professional Laboratory Exercises for Effective State-of-the-Art OSINT Investigation Tools - Part 1: RiskIQ Passive-Total}, series = {Electronic imaging}, journal = {Electronic imaging}, publisher = {Society for Imaging Science and Technology}, address = {Springfield, VA}, issn = {2470-1173}, doi = {10.2352/ISSN.2470-1173.2021.3.MOBMU-043}, pages = {43-1 -- 43-7}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{SchwarzCreutzburg2021, author = {Schwarz, Klaus and Creutzburg, Reiner}, title = {Design of Professional Laboratory Exercises for Effective State-of-the-Art OSINT Investigation Tools - Part 2: Censys}, series = {Electronic Imaging}, journal = {Electronic Imaging}, publisher = {Society for Imaging Science and Technology}, address = {Springfield, VA}, issn = {2470-1173}, doi = {10.2352/ISSN.2470-1173.2021.3.MOBMU-044}, pages = {44-1 -- 44-8}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{SchwarzCreutzburg2021, author = {Schwarz, Klaus and Creutzburg, Reiner}, title = {Design of Professional Laboratory Exercises for Effective State-of-the-Art OSINT Investigation Tools - Part 3: Maltego}, series = {Electronic Imaging}, journal = {Electronic Imaging}, publisher = {Society for Imaging Science and Technology}, address = {Springfield, VA}, doi = {10.2352/ISSN.2470-1173.2021.3.MOBMU-045}, pages = {45-1 -- 45-23}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{BeckTetzlaffSchroederetal.2018, author = {Beck, Eberhard and Tetzlaff, Laura and Schr{\"o}der, Cornelia and Schrader, Thomas}, title = {Die Datenqualit{\"a}t des CIRSmedical - geeignet f{\"u}r eine systematische Analyse?}, series = {GMS Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie}, volume = {14}, journal = {GMS Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie}, number = {2}, doi = {10.3205/mibe000188}, pages = {Doc10-1 -- Doc10-9}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @article{JohnOrlowskiMrkoretal.2022, author = {John, Stefanie and Orlowski, Katja and Mrkor, Kai-Uwe and Edelmann-Nusser, J{\"u}rgen and Witte, Kerstin}, title = {Differences in hip muscle strength and static balance in patients with transfemoral amputations classified at different K-levels : A preliminary cross-sectional study}, series = {Canadian Prosthetics \& Orthotics Journal (CPOJ)}, volume = {Vol. 5}, journal = {Canadian Prosthetics \& Orthotics Journal (CPOJ)}, number = {No.1}, publisher = {University of Toronto Libraries}, issn = {2561-987X}, doi = {10.33137/cpoj.v5i1.37456}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DoudkinKindsmueller2024, author = {Doudkin, Alexander and Kindsm{\"u}ller, Martin Christof}, title = {Do not touch! - An artistic climate data visualization using motion capturing and 3D computer graphics}, series = {Mensch und Computer 2024 - Workshopband, Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik e.V., 01.-04. September 2024, Karlsruhe, German}, booktitle = {Mensch und Computer 2024 - Workshopband, Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik e.V., 01.-04. September 2024, Karlsruhe, German}, publisher = {Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik e.V.}, address = {Karlsruhe}, doi = {10.18420/muc2024-mci-demo-319}, pages = {1 -- 3}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This demo explores an innovative artistic installation that creatively visualizes global temperature data using graphical visualization and motion capture technologies. By combining video-based posture capturing of nearby individuals with a dynamically rendered 3D model of the planet Earth, this installation offers an interactive and immersive experience. The goal is to transform climate change data into an engaging visual format, making it more accessible and impactful for a wide range of audiences.}, language = {en} }