@misc{SchnitzerEdel2006, author = {Schnitzer, Thomas and Edel, Karl-Otto}, title = {Fracture mechanical analysis and assessment of the extension of rolling contact fatigue cracks in railway rails}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:522-opus-69}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Rolling contact fatigue generates cracks on the running surface of high strength railway rails which grow under a small angle into the rail head. These cracks can cause in its last stage the fracturing of the rail. The crack extension behaviour is - as the origin of these cracks too - influenced by the cold working of the rail steel. The crack growth in the first stage is fracture mechanically analyzed by means of two-dimensional modelling. The simulation results are assessed for the use of rail grinding. A criterion for the change of the crack growth direction could not be derived, but the following stages of the crack growth in the transverse direction and the final fracture and the conditions for secondary fractures are considered. Rolling contact fatigue generates cracks on the running surface of high strength railway rails which grow under a small angle into the rail head. These cracks can cause in its last stage the fracturing of the rail. The crack extension behaviour is - as the origin of these cracks too - influenced by the cold working of the rail steel. The crack growth in the first stage is fracture mechanically analyzed by means of two-dimensional modelling. The simulation results are assessed for the use of rail grinding. A criterion for the change of the crack growth direction could not be derived, but the following stages of the crack growth in the transverse direction and the final fracture and the conditions for secondary fractures are considered.}, subject = {Eisenbahnschiene}, language = {en} } @misc{Brasche2014, author = {Brasche, Ulrich}, title = {Debt-overhang and ways out}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:522-opus4-9204}, pages = {1 -- 65}, year = {2014}, abstract = {The focus of this paper is legacy debt and ways out of it. It introduces credit, debt and financial stress as a basis for understanding the ongoing financial crisis as well as solutions discussed in politics and media. We clarify why and when debt is too much, and discuss ways of avoiding outright default. The main questions are • What are the basics of debt and related financial problems? • How much debt is too much? • Why and when is default a problem to all of us? • Is there a way out of the current debt crisis? While debt and looming bankruptcy of governments is the focus of media attention, we will not neglect the fact, that households, banks and companies in many countries acquired too much debt as well and are therefore a source of problems of their own right.}, language = {en} }