@article{NugentShawVollmer2015, author = {Nugent, Paul W. and Shaw, Joseph A. and Vollmer, Michael}, title = {Colors of thermal pools at Yellowstone National Park}, series = {Applied Optics Vol. 54 (2015 ) 4, pp. B128-B139}, journal = {Applied Optics Vol. 54 (2015 ) 4, pp. B128-B139}, doi = {10.1364/AO.54.00B128}, pages = {B128 -- B139}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Abstract The brilliant visible colors of various hot springs and pools in Yellowstone National Park are explained with a combination of scattering from the water and from microbial mats that coat the bottoms of these thermal features. A simple 1D radiative transfer model was used to simulate the colors recorded in visible photographs and the spectrum of light making up these colors. The model includes attenuation in water by absorption and molecular scattering as well as reflection characteristics of the microbial mats and surface reflection of the water. Pool geometries are simulated as simple rough cones scaled to have depths and widths that match published data. Thermal images are also used to record the spatial distribution of water skin temperature. The measurements and simulations confirm that colors observed from shallow-water features arise primarily from the spectral properties of the microbial mat, which is related to the water temperature, while colors observed from deeper water arise primarily from the wavelength-dependent absorption and scattering in the water.}, language = {en} } @article{ShawNugentVollmer2015, author = {Shaw, Joseph A. and Nugent, Paul W. and Vollmer, Michael}, title = {Infrared Moon imaging for remote sensing of atmospheric smoke layers}, series = {Applied Optics 54 (2015) 4, B64-B75}, journal = {Applied Optics 54 (2015) 4, B64-B75}, doi = {10.1364/AO.54.000B64}, pages = {B64 -- B75}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Abstract Simultaneous visible and long-wave infrared (IR) images of the Moon were used with a simple energy-balance model to study the spatial pattern of lunar surface temperatures. The thermal images were obtained with a radiometrically calibrated, compact, low-cost, commercial IR camera mounted on a small telescope. Differences between the predicted and measured maximum Moon temperatures were used to determine the infrared optical depth (OD), which represents the path-integrated extinction of an elevated layer of wildfire smoke in the atmosphere. The OD values retrieved from the IR Moon images were combined with simultaneous OD measurements from a ground-based, zenith-pointing lidar operating at a wavelength of 532 nm to determine an IR-to-visible OD ratio of 0.50±0.18 for moderately aged wildfire smoke aerosol. © 2014 Optical Society of America}, language = {en} } @article{VollmerShawNugent2015, author = {Vollmer, Michael and Shaw, Joseph A. and Nugent, Paul W.}, title = {Visible and invisible mirages: comparing inferior mirages in the visible and thermal infrared}, series = {Applied Optics 54 (2015) 4, B76-B84}, journal = {Applied Optics 54 (2015) 4, B76-B84}, doi = {10.1364/AO.54.000B76}, pages = {B76 -- B84}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Abstract Visible (VIS)-light and thermal infrared (IR) inferior mirages in the 8-14 μm waveband have been observed simultaneously for the takeoff and landing of various airplanes at distances of several kilometers. Similarities as well as differences between the VIS and IR mirages are discussed. © 2014 Optical Society of America}, language = {en} } @article{VollmerShawNugent2017, author = {Vollmer, Michael and Shaw, Joseph A. and Nugent, Paul W.}, title = {Heiße Physik im Yellowstone-Park: Wie Farben in Thermalquellen entstehen}, series = {Physik in unserer Zeit}, volume = {48}, journal = {Physik in unserer Zeit}, number = {1}, issn = {1521-3943 (online)}, doi = {10.1002/piuz.201601431}, pages = {37 -- 42}, year = {2017}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{VollmerShawNugentetal.2017, author = {Vollmer, Michael and Shaw, Joseph A. and Nugent, Paul W. and Harris, Wilson and Gillis, Kendra and Weiss, William and Carpenter, Logan and Carpenter, Amy and Scherrer, Bryan}, title = {Photonics in nature: Yellowstone National Park in IR}, series = {14th Conference on Education and Training in Optics and Photonics, ETOP 2017, 2017, Hangzhou, China}, booktitle = {14th Conference on Education and Training in Optics and Photonics, ETOP 2017, 2017, Hangzhou, China}, doi = {10.1117/12.2266677}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @article{ShawNugentHarrisetal.2017, author = {Shaw, Joseph A. and Nugent, Paul W. and Harris, Wilson and Vollmer, Michael}, title = {Infrared Yellowstone}, series = {Optics and Photonics News}, volume = {28}, journal = {Optics and Photonics News}, number = {6}, issn = {1541-3721 (Online)}, doi = {10.1364/OPN.28.6.000036}, pages = {36 -- 43}, year = {2017}, language = {en} }