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The Energy Transition requires social innovation to mobilise the necessary financing, increase acceptance towards technologies and trigger behavioural change. This thesis investigates consumer (co-)ownership in renewable energy as one possible solution to these challenges. It is argued that as such this instrument can contribute to expand renewable energy and bring the Energy Transition forward, both in countries that have been pioneering renewables, such as Germany, as well as in countries like Poland that have lagged behind.
With the Clean Energy for All Europeans Package the EU for the first time lay the ground for “citizen energy” embracing both the role of citizens as active consumers on the energy markets and as co-investors. The transposition of new EU rules into national laws is pending and expected to take years.
Therefore, it is crucial to determine the indispensable elements (1) of the most competitive consumer model and (2) of the facilitating framework that allows for the participation of heterogeneous actors without discriminating individual households. For that, this study examines conventional models for consumer (co-)ownership and investigates an innovative financing technique – the Consumer Stock Ownership Plan (CSOP) – to modernise established schemes while meeting prerequisites for the governance of energy communities introduced by the relevant European directives.
Based on a detailed analysis of the energy policies, support systems, existing models for collective projects and the feasibility of the CSOP in Germany and Poland, this study presents a range of recommendations for national frameworks.
We analyse the effect of COVID-19 on the Okun's law relationship for several EU countries and the US. Results are based on regressions and a systematic DF-Beta analysis. Our results indicate that the year 2020 is an outlier in the Okun relationship. However, the direction of change is different in the European countries compared to the US.
A game-theoretic setting is used to illuminate the conflict between vaccination proponents and vaccination opponents. A central result is that vaccination proponents could in principle persuade vaccination opponents to vaccinate by means of subsidization. Such a subsidy could increase benefits for both groups. Deeper analysis provides numerous further insights regarding the stability of these results.
This paper examines the attitude of consumers living in Germany towards higher prices charged to female consumers by surveying them randomly in two scenarios, one showing the same price and the other showing a higher price for the female version of the product. The interaction of Pink-tax and price fairness, and how gender mediates this perception was tested through a within-subject factorial design experiment, with two variables, price as the independent variable and gender as the mediator Afterwards, respondents were asked several questions about their perception of Price-Fairness. The results show that women have a marginally stronger negative perception when shown the higher price.
Relying on Maslow's needs-based theory of motivation, we analyze the role of the video game Animal Crossing: New Horizons (ACNH) in satisfying needs. We use an interdisciplinary framework involving both psychology and gaming. While ACNH creates a virtual world, we highlight its role in satisfying the needs of the real person. In doing so, we reflect on the interdependence between the real world and the virtual one.
Fortnite is the most successful video game in terms of revenues generated. Since it belongs to the 'free-to-play games', the company has to optimize the in-game-shop to generate revenues. Product differentiation is one possibility to optimize the profitability of the game. In this paper, we use a microeconomic approach in order to highlight the implications of product differentiation for the profit maximization problem.
Regularly, free-to-play games use their own virtual currency for in-game store purchases. We analyze the money illusion phenomenon by examining free-to-play games and their virtual currency exchange rate policies. We find that above pari exchange rates and advertising bonus packs instead of price discounts lead to money illusion on the side of the customer. Based on our findings, we derive managerial and policy implications.