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This study closely examined how oil exploration has caused environmental degradation and untold hardship to the local communities in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Nigeria is known to be the sixth largest producer of crude oil among the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), and thelargest in the African continent. The crude oil that puts Nigeria in this position is being produced in the Niger Delta region of the country. Nigeria’s economy is based on crude oil exports. Despite this enormous wealth coming from the Niger Delta, there is pervasive poverty and despicable environmental damage as a result of crude oil mining activities going on in this region. Suffice it to say that, there is total neglect of the region in terms of infrastructural development and economic empowerment of its local populace by the government and oil companies operating in the region. This has led to youth restiveness and hostage taking in the area. A sound methodological research approach was developed and utilized in this study. Both primary and secondary data were collected from questionnaires, structured interviews, personal observations, relevant literature, documentation from government agencies and oil companies. These data were analyzed, and they synthesized the discussions contained in this study. This study is all about charting a new course in the way the oil companies operating in the Niger Delta region carry out their activities in order to ensure the environmental sustainability of the region, and improve the economy of the rural communities in the region at the same time. It identifies the constraints to effective implementation of Nigeria’s environmental laws and policies especially the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) as it concerns oil prospecting, which has hitherto contributed in hindering her environmental sustainability. It also unveils the critical issues concerning the deplorable state of the economy of the local populace of the region. After identifying the various problems contributing to the environmental woes, and the poor economic growth of the region, this research proffers recommendations that should be conscientiously and vigorously implemented to reverse the trend. Although, the oil companies have made some efforts towards providing the necessary infrastructures needed in the region, they need to do more in the area of capacity building, and use of green technologies to ensure healthy environment of their host communities. The government on her part should strengthen the various Ministries and Agencies vested with the responsibility of protecting the Nigerian environment, by providing them with the necessary incentives for maximum efficiency. This study therefore emphasizes a concerted approach from all the stakeholders in the Niger Delta region for the successful implementation of the recommendations herein to ensure the sustainable development of the region, and Nigeria in general.
Recycling and material recovery are gaining more grounds in applicability as viable options to sustainable solid waste management especially in Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) schemes. In this dissertation a critical analyzes is made of the MSWM problem in Cameroon and an assessment of the role Small- and Medium-Size Enterprises have been playing in the area of recycling and material recovery. The main research methods applied in this research include: fieldwork, administration of questionnaires, interview and literature review. Using two case study localities (Limbe and Buea municipalities), the various practices in MSWM are elaborated, the constraints and challenges faced by management discussed and proposals for either expanding/upgrading existing schemes to be more sustainable as well as strategies to initiate new systems presented. Innovations within collection systems such as the introduction of household bins and specialized collection of specific waste could be quite beneficial to existing schemes. Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) which constitute one of the fastest growing waste streams presents greater management challenges. Two case study localities (Buea and Kumba) are used to analyze the problem of WEEE in Cameroon. An overview of the handling of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (EEE) at end-of-life (EoL) in Cameroon is made with special focus on households and repair units. At household level, WEEE is disposed of alongside other waste arisings in the available disposal facilities for given household. Repair units represent a very vital connection between dysfunctional EEE and EoL forms as all users of EEE tend to bring these devices to these units for repairs. An inventory of the various EEE at repair units for these two localities shows that above 40% percent of such equipments are totally out of use. In Kumba, Classes 1 and 4 EEE (according to EU WEEE directive classification) dominate while class 3 is almost absent. In Buea, Class 3 and 4 are dominant. These results show that socio-cultural, economic and even climatic factors influence the choice of EEE that people in this area acquire. The intense level of repair activities and recovery of useful parts by repair units show that there exist adaptable options to handle WEEE in especially economically and environmentally beneficial ways. The recycling of aluminum for production of household utensils represents a very basic and adaptive industrial set-up, which can easily be operated and run at very cheap cost and with a little manpower. While this venture seems apparently successful in economic terms as an option to poverty alleviation through income generation, it is plagued by some problems which, if given due consideration will render it a prospective option for poverty alleviation (through small enterprise business development) and environmental sustainability (as an option to sustainable MSWM). In this dissertation, a model is thus presented, which can be utilized by stakeholders to improve on the sector. An assessment of efforts and constraints to implementing comprehensive recycling and recovery schemes in Cameroon was also carried out. Results show that there are existing practices on which comprehensive recycling and recovery can be built upon that would be beneficial to both councils and engaged schemes – mostly SMEs and NGOs. The challenges faced and likely to be faced and the way forward to implementing any broad scale recovery and recycling are presented. If municipal councils choose to operate existing MSWM schemes without significant changes, then collective collaboration will be highly required. Such collaboration will present benefits to both waste collection and disposal. On the other hand, if they wish to expand schemes or create new schemes, adaptive innovation would be highly recommended. Such adaptive innovation would have to incorporate local practices and approaches of MSWM as well as socio-economic considerations so as to ensure new or expanded schemes survive within local socio-economic context. A greater challenge in enhancing recycling and material recovery in particular and MSWM in general, in Cameroon is on the role the government takes on designing appropriate policies and legislative frameworks to cover such activities in economically and ecological beneficial ways. In the absence of these, SMEs, councils and NGOs (working in partnership with other specialized groups) concerned with activities related to recycling and material recovery may be left with the option of regulating activities within their sectors as such activities stand to alleviate poverty and also present ecological benefits.
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit ist eine vergleichende Ökobilanz in der Produktgruppe „Beleuchtung“. Im Rahmen dieser Untersuchung ist eine Modellierung des gesamten Produkt-Lebenszykluses aller Komponenten zweier unterschiedlicher Lichtsysteme, bestehend aus Leuchtstofflampe, Vorschaltgerät und Leuchte, vorgenommen worden. Um die ökologischen Auswirkungen aller Komponenten des Lichtsystems zu ermitteln, wurden alle Umweltauswirkungen während der gesamten Herstellungs- und Nutzungsphase erfasst und bewertet. Die Darstellung der Umweltauswirkungen über alle Lebenszyklusphasen ist mithilfe der Wirkungskategorien realisiert. Bei der Auswertung zeigte sich, dass im Produktlebenszyklus der ökologische Einfluss der Nutzungsphasen mit über 99% dominierend ist. Dieses Ergebnis hat zu der Aussage geführt, dass die künftigen Verbesserungsmaßnahmen in der Beleuchtungsbranche vor allem verstärkt mit dem für die Nutzungsphase relevanten Produktdesign verbunden werden müssen. Das wichtigste Kriterium dabei ist die Energieeffizienz. In einem weiteren Schritt der Arbeit wurde Aufgrund der Ökobilanzierungsergebnisse eine Reihe von Kriterien entwickelt, die für die Beurteilung von Lichtsystemen von Bedeutung sind. Da aufgrund der Ergebnisse dieser Studie die Gebrauchsphase für die Umweltrelevanz der Lichtsysteme die wichtigste Rolle spielt, spiegeln die Bewertungsparameter diese Phase im Produktlebenszyklus wieder. Gleichzeitig erfolgte die Erstellung der Bewertungsmethode unter Berücksichtigung der Anforderungen der Richtlinie „Eco-design requirements for Energy using Products“. Die vorgestellte Bewertungsmethode dient damit als Werkzeug für die Erstellung der Produktumweltinformation und bietet gleichzeitig Entscheidungshilfen bei der Auswahl der Systemkomponenten. Mithilfe dieser Bewertungsmethodik ist es gelungen einen eindeutigen Weg bei der Auswahl von energieeffizienten Komponenten des Lichtsystems zu schaffen. Die modulare Bewertung, die in dieser Arbeit entwickelt und erprobt worden ist, unterstützt positiv einen bisher vernachlässigten Aspekt - die Kundenentscheidung bei der Energieeffizienzproblematik. Durch den modularen Aufbau kann der Kunde sein Lichtsystem gestalten und auf einfache Weise bewerten. Ein weiteres Ziel der Arbeit war die Erstellung der Rahmenbedingungen für das Öko-Profil im Hinblick auf die EuP-Richtlinie. Da die zentrale Anforderung dieser Richtlinie die Verringerung des Energieverbrauches ist, sollte ein Werkzeug vorgestellt werden, das ermöglicht, Umweltbelastungen deutlich zu machen und Minimierungspotentiale aufzuzeigen. Durch die in dieser Arbeit vorgeschlagene Bewertungsmethode kann der Kunde auf einfache Weise unterscheiden, welche Produkte eine geringere Energieeffizienz und daraus resultierend schlechte Systemausbeute besitzen sowie welche die „best in class“ sind. Darüber hinaus ist der Weg für die Produktumweltdeklaration geschaffen, die ein unersetzliches Werkzeug bei Maßnahmen zur Steigerung der Energieeffizienz bildet.
Der weltweite Anstieg des Bedarfs an Primärenergie und das Wachstum des weltweiten Bruttoinlandsprodukts geht einher mit der Zunahme damit verbundener Emissionen. Aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Studien zufolge beträgt der Anteil des Energiesektors (Energiewirtschaft, Industrie und Verkehr) 83 % der weltweiten Treibhausgasemissionen. Der Klimawandel und die Projektion der Auswirkungen von Treibhausgasemissionen auf die Atmosphäre werden inzwischen auch auf politischer Ebene akzeptiert und weitergehende Maßnahmen diskutiert. Da aber Zugang zu Elektrizität und nachhaltige Entwicklung untrennbar verknüpft sind, stellt sich die Frage, wie diese Aufgabe innerhalb der nächsten Jahre gelöst werden kann. Weiterhin ergibt sich gleichzeitig durch die verbleibende Laufzeit des aktuellen Kraftwerksparks, je nach Szenario, für Deutschland im Jahr 2020 eine Versorgungslücke von bis zu 12.000 MWh. Ein Teil der Lösung dieser Problematik liegt in der nachhaltigen Gestaltung von Kraftwerken. Die Erstellung der Lebenszyklusanalyse eines GuD-Kraftwerks aus Sicht eines Herstellers in höchster Detailtiefe bildet daher den Hauptbestandteil dieser Arbeit. Erst die Darstellung des gesamten Produktsystems sowie der Bilanzierungsergebnisse ermöglichen das Aufzeigen von Verbesserungspotentialen. Die Systemgrenzen für die Ökobilanz umfassen alle Abschnitte des Produktlebenszyklus (Materialien, Fertigung, Transport, Betrieb, Wartung und End of Life). Die Erfassung der Materialmengen und Energiedaten liefert die Sachbilanz für alle Komponenten und Lebensphasen. In der Interpretation der Ergebnisse der Ökobilanz, insbesondere für die Kategorie Globale Erwärmung in kg CO2e überwiegen die Emissionen der Betriebsphase naturgemäß. Die Ergebnisse wurden aber für alle Wirkungskategorien und Lebensphasen erarbeitet. Auf Basis der erarbeiteten Module der Ökobilanz wurden die Umweltprofile verschiedener Konfigurationen und Betriebsszenarien dargestellt und stehen damit als Entscheidungshilfe bereits während der Produktentwicklung zur Verfügung. Die Darstellung der Auswirkungen von Designentscheidungen auf den ökologischen Fußabdruck des Produktsystems in einer aggregierten Form vereinfacht das Verständnis für Kunden und kann damit in die Kaufentscheidung einbezogen werden. Weiterhin wurde die Basis für ein Reporting der Treibhausgasemissionen nach dem GHG Protokoll erstellt. Die Ergebnisse werden außerdem in Form einer Typ II Produktumwelterklärung nach ISO 14021 veröffentlicht und als Referenzwert für die Berechnung der Emissionsfaktoren für den jeweiligen Strommix bereitgestellt.
Environmental consciousness of the modern society has projected recycling into the limelight as it has considerable potential for saving the earth’s limited resources, and potential offers opportunities for reducing environmental pollution. This dissertation presents a methodology developed for assessing the recycling-orientation of products in product design and a tool for carrying out the assessment. The design criteria for the recycling-orientation of products are formulated by investigating and analysing relevant product design constraints, including standards and regulations that facilitate and ease recycling. Essentially, this final dissertation comprises two parts: (1) the dissertation manuscript, (2) the assessment tool, “software.” The dissertation expatiates on the methodology employed and its implementation details for assessing the recycling-orientation of products both qualitatively and quantitatively at the design stage. Several recycling related product design standards were taken into account, including WEEE, RoHS, Eco-design, and DFR. The software comprises a series of decision stages; each stage controls different active facets of its functionalities. The assessment of the recycling-orientation of product design is achieved by virtually modeling a product from the product profile. The detail of how this works is demonstrated with a case problem. The opportunity for future development and software upgrading are discussed at the end.
This dissertation examines the structure of current vehicle mitigation initiatives of leading domestic trade policy proposals (emission reduction actions) of four major countries along the Gulf of Guinea after lead gasoline phase out in sub-Sahara Africa. The dissertation assesses these proposals based on establishing criteria for assessing domestic trade policy performance in curbing used vehicle emissions simultaneously with core sustainable development priorities. The dissertation argues that a more pronounced dilemma of synergies exist between vehicle emissions reduction and core development concerns as the major players target emissions too narrowly. The dissertation seeks to bridge this major gap by proposing a stakeholder-assisted representation and a policy design framework for sustainable road transport in sub-Sahara Africa. This was achieved by extracting individual stakeholders’ underlying concerns, interests, values, local knowledge and technical expertise through publicly available documentation and interviews and then constructing a conceptual systems model based on the inputs and best available science. In order to cope with the uncertain developments in road transport energy system and climate in sub-Sahara Africa, the dissertation employs a scenario approach by constructing sets of desirable and undesirable characteristics to explore possible future developments of road transport in sub-Sahara Africa with technological change, policies, attitudes and preferences playing a pivotal role. Next, the dissertation analyses and compares the levels of voluntary environmental management initiatives within the South African automotive Industry. It provides an insight into the behavioural patterns - drivers, barriers and benefits - of Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and larger South African automotive companies in their quests to engage in environmental change and determine if these patterns are similar to previous studies, as given in the literature, or if they differ, in what ways. Moreover, the dissertation assesses how external South African environmental auditors interpret and apply the central requirements of ISO 14001 and their views about the efforts of certified organisations and the different models that could be used to ease EMS implementation and certification. Finally, low-carbon strategies resulting from impact modelling have been provided within this dissertation but, in addition, the acceptance of recommended strategies is crucial towards a real added value for a stabilisation target.
This thesis seeks to enhance a better understanding of the concept of cookstoves and their associated repercussions on health and the environment. A three tier methodological approach was used in this study. Firstly, questionnaires were distributed in the study areas and results analysed. Secondly, a laboratory based water boiling test was conducted using three stoves (open fire, rocket stove and “skirt” stove) to assess the effect of wood moisture content on combustion and heat transfer efficiencies. Lastly, a simulation model was used to understand the behaviour of key players within the system of cookstoves and indoor air pollution such that setbacks are better understood, controlled or mitigated. Results of the questionnaires showed that the majority of the people in the case study area are not aware of the threats posed by indoor air pollution on health; however, they are willing to accept any innovations that will abate the pending related environmental, social and health crises associated to poor cooking techniques. From the water boiling test, results showed that fuel moisture greatly affects combustion efficiency and heat transfer efficiency. Fuel at 15% moisture produced best results with little particulate matter and carbonmonoxide emissions meanwhile emissions at 5% and 30% moisture were relatively high. The sensitivity model laid down the basis for comparism and control mechanisms for indoor air pollution and deforestation.
Implementation of End-of-Life Vehicle’s Recycling for Developing Countries: Case Study, Mexico
(2008)
Currently, the Directive 2000/53/EC regulates the ELV management in 27 countries in Europe, and for the forthcoming years, more accession countries are foreseen. Since, the international nature of automotive industry, the Directive has affected industries beyond the EU. Hence, countries with important national-based automotive industry are moving towards the accomplishment of this legislation, in order to keep their competitiveness in European markets. The ELV chain in the EU is a complex system, which involves several commercial relationships between different sectors. The generation of ELV in the EU-15 was around 11.4 million units in 2005. The total number of ELV generated, considering the accessing countries, is still unknown. The number of treated ELV in the EU-15 was 7.7 million units. There are some obstacles to be overcome by ELV management already in implementation in the EU. The main difficulties are related to the reluctance of car-manufacture industry to implement Directive’s provisions related to: ban of use of specific substances in automotive applications, and about recycling quotas. Another obstacle is the export of ELV from the EU, which represents a loss in input material for the system. The case of the USA, regarding the ELV management, has very different connotations than the implemented system in the EU. The current ELV management in the USA does not have specific regulations regarding the collection and recycling of ELV. The structure of the ELV chain in the USA is similar to its counterpart in the EU. The main difference lies in dismantling and post-shredder sectors. The 80% of dismantling industry is composed of salvage/scrap yards performing no-standardized operations, and the remaining 20% is represented by high value parts dismantlers. One special feature of the system is the classification of ASR as no-hazardous waste which generates almost no incentives for further treatment. The current system of ELV management in the USA works with relative efficiency. However, there are still items to be improved, e.g. poor dismantling practices in a big number of dismantling facilities (scrap yards), use of hazardous materials in car-manufacture, disposal of ASR as non-hazardous waste, scrap tyres, etc. The ELV problem has different connotation in developing countries like Mexico, than in industrialized countries. Problems, like illegal introduction of used cars from the USA to Mexico and poor practices in the management of ELV, affect the Mexican economy, environment and society. In Mexico, there exists no specific legislation to regulate the Management of ELV. This kind of product, at its End-of-Life stage and wastes generated by its treatment, has been ruled by general laws before the year 2004. More recently a semi-specific law has been addressed to solid wastes, the LGPGIR. The structure of ELV chain in Mexico is similar to its counterpart in the USA and the EU, except for an additional stage. The present work depicts the available information about the number of Mexican operators, at every stage of ELV management. The described evidence presents a deficient management of ELV in Mexico. The current management allows a maximum recycling rate of 75%, which mainly corresponds to the ferrous fraction content in vehicles which enters to the management system. The present work develops a proposal for a suitable system to manage End-of-Life Vehicles (ELV) in a developing country, case study Mexico. This, is divided in three main parts. As a first step, the proposal estimates the future numbers of ELV generated in Mexico, which are estimated in a current ELV generation of around 687,000 vehicles by 2007, and by 2020 in the range of 1.1 to 1.3 million units per year. The second step is to propose a structure for the ELV chain in Mexico. The proposed structure describes the recommended operations, equipment and facilities’ configuration at every stage of the management. The third step of the proposal is the configuration of strategic facility network at every stage of ELV management in Mexico. The system is configured under assumption of three different scenarios, i.e. 100%, 90% and 75% of covered demand for ELV management. The algorithm is identified for this specific problem as a Fixed Charge Facility Location Problem. The algorithm is solved through Facility Location Software SITATION©. The results show the optimal number of facilities at every stage of the management, to cover the demand for ELV management considered in the different scenarios. The fourth part is to propose a model to finance the ELV management in Mexico. The main features of this scheme are explained, as well as its advantages, disadvantages and incentives thought to be triggered into the Mexican ELV chain.
The ever-increasing price of fossil diesel oil, its availability and affordability has prompted the search for cheaper sources of diesel fuel especially in rural Ghana where it could be used by small to medium scale processors. The aims of this project were to provide a readily available and renewable fuel that will serve as a diesel substitute: to power diesel engines running equipment in a shea butter extraction unit at Gbimsi, to provide a readily available fuel to serve as a kerosene substitute for lighting local lanterns, to evaluate the economic viability of the use of the bio-fuel as both diesel and kerosene substitutes. in Ghana. A pilot Jatropha plantation was established for the Gbimsi women’s group. A pilot processing unit was also established. The women were taken through series of training which included the extraction and utilization of Jatropha biofuel and soap making using the Jatropha oil. The Jatropha biofuel extracted by the women mixed with various amounts of mineral diesel oil was tested on lister-type diesel engines and in lanterns to ascertain its performance. A combination of 30% mineral diesel oil: 70% Jatropha bio-fuel was found to be appropriate for running the diesel engines. Local lanterns were found to give smokeless light and were found to last four times longer than kerosene when the Jatropha oil was used. In conclusion, the Jatropha biofuel helps in achieving energy security in communities that are otherwise inaccessible and constantly in search of regular supply of mineral fuels like diesel and kerosene. The press cake obtained after the oil extraction could be used as an organic fertilizer for improving soil fertility. Questionnaires were administered to ninety (90) shea butter producers and ten (10) exporters selected at random from the Northern, Upper East, Upper West and Greater Accra regions of Ghana in order to gather information from the producers/users as well as exporters on the Knowledge, Attitude, Beliefs and Practices (KABP) of shea butter production, consumption and export. The outcome of the study suggested that shea butter export has increased tremendously over the past decade as a result of very high demand for the product from both the local and international markets. The existing and potential export maket for shea butter were identified to be Japan, United Kingdom, Netherlands and United States of America. In addition, the shea butter produced were evaluated for the quality characteristics as well as their storability in different storage (packaging) materials. These were conducted using standard analytical methods. The minimum quality requirement of shea butter for export are : Moisture (0.01-1.0%), Free fatty acid (3.5-4.0), acid value (1.0-10.0) and the product should not be dark in colour. The best packaging material used for the export of the product are metal drums and card boxes and the only constraint faced by the exporters is the cost of the packaging materials which is considered to be expensive. The producers in the studied communities treated shea butter as their main farming activity. In an attempt to investigate the changes in chemical and physical properties of shea butter during storage, various chemical and physical quality indices were monitored. A 3 x 4 x 4 factorial experimental design with storage condition [open air (28-34°C), tropical ambient (26-31°C) and refrigeration (4-7°C) conditions], packaging material (metal cans, polyethylene bags, plastic containers and calabash), storage time (0,1,2 and 3 months) as variables was performed. Changes in the chemical and physical properties of the butter were observed during storage of the product under the different storage conditions and packaging materials. Storage caused slight increases in moisture content (0.01-0.07%), free fatty acid (3.29-4.38%), acid value 6.55-8.20%), iodine value (59.86-60.06) and peroxide value (8.24-10.64 mEq/kg) within the three months storage period. Products stored under open air (28-34°C) conditions generally significantly (p<0.05) affected the chemical properties of the butter during storage whilst those stored under ambient (26-31°C) and refrigeration (4-7°C) conditions did not have significant (p<0.05) effect on the chemical properties. No wide variations in physical properties were noted for the products during storage under the different storage conditions and packaging materials. Shea butter can be stored using all the four different packaging materials studied. However, it is highly recommended that the products are kept under tropical ambient (26-31°C) and refrigeration conditions (4-7°C) during storage. The best condition for the storage of shea butter is refrigeration which maintains the quality of the product during prolonged stored periods. Storage of the shea butter under open air (28-34°C) conditions allows for oxidative and hydrolytic rancidity rendering the products unsuitable for consumption after long storage periods.
Scientific data and results have to be accurate, precise and reliable and are subject to ever increasing scrutiny by regulators in industry, the environment and medicine, in validation and also in research and development. Given our numerous environmental problems, the need for accurate, precise and reliable results can not be overemphasized in environmental pollution control. In the light of this analytical environmentalists believe that there is need for a hierarchical scheme of methods to be used in environmental assessment studies. In this research the state and role of analytical instruments in environmental pollution control in Nigeria were studied with a focus on the state of the Nigerian environmental pollution control laboratories. A theoretical background of this work gives an overview of the state of the art of the environment globally and that of Nigeria. This work has established that, because mankind have put thousands of chemical substances to use in this century, there are many chemicals that have found their way into the natural environment in large quantities. Because of the nature of the environmental problems mankind is facing now, many researchers and manufacturers are dedicated to using and providing quality new and reliable instrumentation methods to ensure a healthy environment in our world. A brief study of Nigeria as the country of research is made to establish the background of possible problems. From the facts gathered in the literature Nigeria has the economic tools that it needs to put a good environmental management scheme in place, which includes good standards, laws, regulations and good analytical laboratories for compliance and monitoring. However the research has established that these economic tools are not effectively used in the management of environmental pollution control, especially monitoring of environmental pollutants. The research was undertaken by visiting four analytical laboratories involved in environmental pollution control in Nigeria, and three organizations that are the main environmental regulatory bodies in Nigeria. The analytical laboratories visited are those of Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) Kaduna, Ashaka cement factory, regional laboratory of the Federal Ministry of Water Resources Gombe, and the National Reference laboratory Lagos. In these laboratories and the organizations, results were collected in the laboratories, interviews were carried out and analytical instruments available were documented. It was discovered that, in these laboratories many standard analytical instruments needed for quality environmental pollution control and monitoring are lacking. Comparison of results generated in these laboratories with some from developed countries, revealed that many parameters measured in laboratories in developed countries are not measured in the research laboratories. The results obtained in these laboratories met Nigeria’ maximum limits in some cases, but exceeded it in many cases. It is the position of this work that the gap between the environmental analytical instruments found in literature and developed countries, and that found in Nigeria is very large and calls for concern. The environmental regulatory bodies in Nigeria have many laws, rules, regulations and standards for environmental pollution control. These regulations, standards, laws and rules were compared with what is obtained in other countries of the world, especially developed countries and found to be lacking in many areas. The way and manner the analytical methods are stated in the Nigerian regulations and standards are way below the developed countries standard. This research concludes that the regulations and standards have big influence on the kind of environmental analytical instruments found in the environmental analytical laboratories in Nigeria. The final conclusion this study has reached is that analytical methods, equipments, and standards on ground in Nigeria are not sufficient for the purpose of good environmental pollution control and monitoring. The situations as regards analytical instruments, analytical methods, standards and guidelines used in environmental pollution control in Nigeria do not favourably compare to international situations. It is therefore recommended that the need for validity and reliability in data collection, analysis, guidelines, standards and use of data in environmental pollution control needs to be addressed by the Nigerian Government if monitoring of the Millennium Development Goals and environmental pollution control in general is to be effective.