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This doctoral research examines community participation in decision-making for Cultural Heritage Tourism (CHT) in Nizamuddin Basti and Shahjahanabad, historical sites in New Delhi, India. It includes three papers addressing community participation barriers, resident motivation, and collective action dilemmas using the Institutional Analysis and Development-Network of Adjacent Action Situations (IAD-NAAS) framework.
The study identifies four main barriers: institutional constraints, limited awareness, capacity issues, and cultural norms inhibiting residents' involvement in CHT decision-making. Despite these obstacles, the community's deep attachment to the area's heritage, appreciation of tangible and intangible heritage, and recognition of communal benefits motivate participation.
Using the IAD-NAAS framework, the research unravels collective action dilemmas, emphasizing how individual actions in one context can impact actions in adjacent contexts. Key action situations are monument conservation, local community livelihood development, tourism development, and community decision-making participation.
Through in-depth interviews, the study garners a rich understanding of barriers and motivations for community participation. It highlights the role of community involvement in creating inclusive, diverse heritage narratives, challenging the conventional discourses dominating heritage narratives. Thus, fostering a democratic and inclusive approach to heritage.
This dissertation examines how migration and development narratives are (re)produced in transnational digital migrant media using an example of Kenyan migration to Europe. It also raises questions about existing gaps in the literature on the role of the media specifically, transnational digital migrant media in constructing influential discourses. It achieves this quest by submitting to an objective to examine the contribution of migrant media discourses to development in migration-sending countries (De Haas, 2007). Using postcolonial-discourse theoretic approach, the thesis analyses the criteria for selection of texts on migration and development, and how the texts inform the discourse. The theoretical concepts of development in this thesis follow Arturo Escobar’s (1995) deconstruction of conventional development theory. It includes an appreciation of multi-faceted theoretic dynamics, especially historical effects on development and creation of hegemonic disparities causing migration of Kenyans to Europe. The dissertation explores the relation of liberal development narratives to Postcolonial perspectives of Edward Said (1977), Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak (1986) and Homi Bhabha (1983), whose writings expose stereotypes like those found in development constructs. The study highlights similar aspects of representations of migration and development in the media. It does not only expose migrant’s contribution to development but accentuates the discourse forming function of migrant media in the production of heterogeneous narratives on migration and development. This reflection is an attempt to look at possibilities of alternative development trajectories in migrant media and Postcolonial texts, that resist neo-colonial economic narratives forced on people of African descent. The findings for this thesis show that migrant media provides hegemonic ideas on development, as well as alternative counter-hegemonic views. Even though poverty and political instability of Africa characterize narratives in the mainstream media, migrant media utilizes new media platforms for “subalterns” to be heard. Migrants’ inputs on development (re)produced in migrant media, inform a discourse that champions initiatives aimed at improving livelihoods in migration-sending countries. To answer the main sociological question on (re)production of narratives this dissertation learns from Norman Fairclough’s (1995, 2012) guidelines to discourse analysis, as informed from Michel Foucault’s (1980) theoretic approach. As a qualitative research strategy, the dissertation explores Texts from transnational digital migrant media for Kenyans in Europe (Germany and UK) and expert interviews with Kenyan media producers in Germany and in Britain. On this basis, the thesis argues that not only are media expert’s contributors to development but also important creators of a discourse that qualifies migration as a reality in Kenya’s development.
Tehran Bazaar has been the most influential marketplace in Iran, over the last two hundred years, since Tehran became the capital of the country. The Bazaar has been a significant socio-political agent in Iranian society. Nevertheless, less attention has been given to its internal atmosphere, where the bazaaris, have tried to conserve their traditions and preserve their heritage. One of these heritages are “hey’ats”, religious formations for holding mourning sessions in Muharram month, as a ritual in Shi’a Islam. “Hey’ats” give the guilds a sense of collective identity, they represent them, and also build a shared heritage for them.
The Drapers’ Guild was the first guild in Tehran Bazaar, founding a hey’at. They founded this hey’at in 1883 and named it “the Drapers’ Hey’at”. After the Islamic Revolution of 1979, the Drapers faced difficulties preserving their heritage. They were forced to displace the Mirza Mousa Mosque in the Bazaar. The Mosque was their center for holding religious sessions and was publicly known as “the Drapers’ Mosque”. Since they were attached to the Mosque, their displacement was perceived a loss of heritage. Later, they decided to build a new home, “the Drapers’ Hosseinieh”. They decided to implement the interior design of their lost Mosque in the new place. This strategy enabled them overcome “the traumatic experience of displacement and heritage loss.” Also, to safeguard their new place, they legally registered their hey’at as an institution, and they wrote a constitution for it. The attempts for modernization, led them to develop beneficiary activities, as well. In this research, a qualitative approach is applied, benefiting from multiple methodologies, including; ethnography, secondary sources, and visual methods. The researcher has attempted to outline the story of the Drapers in preserving their heritage. This study hopefully would be useful for similar traditional organizations, showing how continuity and heritage preservation are possible to achieve for communities having experienced a troubled past.
Analysegegenstand der Arbeit sind die Diskurse von Geschlecht und Sexualität in den diskursiven Räumen von Migrationsfilmen. Dabei wurden die theoretischen Beiträge aus der migrationssensiblen Genderforschung miteinbezogen. Der Mehrwert dieser Arbeit liegt weniger im Abgleich der theoretischen Beiträge aus migrationssensiblen Genderforschung mit den filmischen Diskursen, sondern vielmehr am Offenlegen der diskursiven Verflechtungen von Sexualität und Geschlecht und der Forschungsgebiete der Migrations-, Gender- und Filmforschung, wobei sich diese gegenseitig in ihren Wissensdiskursen ergänzen. Somit haben die Forschungsergebnisse die drei Diskursebenen dargestellt, die miteinander diskursive verflochten sind: 1. Diskurse von Geschlecht und Sexualität; 2. Diskursräume der gegenwärtigen Migrationsfilme; 3. Diskursanalyse. In den theoretischen Kapiteln wurden deshalb zunächst die verschiedenen Ebenen der Diskursivität von Geschlecht und Sexualität in den filmischen Texten und in der migrationssensiblen Genderforschung beschrieben. Im empirischen Teil wurden gezielt Migrationsfilme aus unterschiedlichen Ländern analysiert, um Zugang zu den Diskursen von Geschlecht und Sexualität in dispersen transnationalen diskursiven Räumen zu gewinnen.
The 'cultural appropriation' of traditional textiles from Mexico : an analysis of 3 case studies
(2023)
This doctoral thesis intended to examine the phenomenon of ‘cultural appropriation’ of traditional textiles from Mexico through an analysis of 3 case studies. This research had the objective of understanding the phenomenon through the relationships, perspectives, and discourses of the social actors involved, by following the development of controversies involving different objects of material culture from different communities: the xaam nïxuy Ayuujk (Mixe) blouse from Santa Maria Tlahuitoltepec, Oaxaca; the Hñuhú and Hñahñ (Otomi) “Tenango” embroideries from the communities of Tenago de Doria and San Nicolas in Hidalgo; and the mestizo gabanes from Santa Clara del Cobre and Nahuatzen in the State of Michoacán.
This doctoral examination was sustained through theoretical approximations that located the occurrences within transnational/ transcultural processes, engaging with qualitative methodologies and multi-sited ethnographies in order to obtain data that elucidated on the diversity of objects, actors, relationships, understandings, perceptions, values, and discourses involved in the ‘cultural appropriation’ of traditional textiles controversies in the country.
The content analysis of this doctoral research dissected a number of different processes, effects, and consequences of the phenomenon as it developed in dissimilar locations and periods of time. The examination revealed a complex intersection of meanings, productions, circulations, and consumptions of culture, that simultaneously affected cultural meanings, relationships, and processes, raising concerns over the management of traditional textiles as objects of cultural heritage, and the unviability of protecting communal creative domains through national legal mechanisms.