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The work is dedicated to the aspects of characterization of surface charge phenomena in two colloidal systems: synthetic mixtures of textile dyes and aqueous suspension of ceramic powders. An implication to the areas of physicochemical colour removal from textile effluents and gel-casting of ceramics is made. A model for dye-coagulant interaction has been developed based on surface charge density and floc size investigations. Various dispersant optimization techniques have been compared in stabilizing aqueous slurries of ultra-fine alumina particles, the zeta potential derived from CVI measurements being viewed as a most reliable one. The chemical environment of the ceramic slurry together with maintaining an optimal process conditions in gel-casting plays an equally important role in providing a desired properties of complex shaped ceramic bodies.