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A demonstrator plant of a recently patented process for improved sludge degradation has been implemented on a municipal scale. In a 1500 m3 sewage sludge digester, an intermediary stage with aerobic sewage sludge reactivation was implemented. This oxic activation increased the biogas yield by up to 55% with a 25% reduction of the remaining fermentation residue volume. Furthermore, this process allowed an NH4-N removal of over 90%. Additionally, 16S rRNA gene amplicon high-throughput sequencing of the reactivated digestate showed a reduced number of methane-forming archaea compared to the main digester. Multiple ammonium-oxidizing bacteria were detected. This includes multiple genera belonging to the family Chitinophagaceae (the highest values reached 18.8% of the DNA sequences) as well as a small amount of the genus Candidatus nitrosoglobus (<0.3%). In summary, the process described here provides an economically viable method to eliminate nitrogen from sewage sludge while achieving higher biogas yields and fewer potential pathogens in the residuals.
In this study, heat-treated and multisurface engineered DIN 1.2367 tool steel was subjected to room and elevated temperature wear tests, and the effect of nitriding on its tribological behavior was investigated. CrN, AlTiN, and CrN/AlTiN coatings with a total thickness of 2 µm were obtained by arc cathodic physical vapor deposition on conventional heat-treated and gas-nitrided steels. The white layer formed during nitriding was removed, and a diffusion layer (100 µm) was achieved in the cross section of the steel having a tempered martensitic matrix. The highest surface hardness was attained with an integral coating (CrN/AlTiN), and surface hardness increased even more after nitriding due to the formation of a multicomponent ceramic layer on top of the diffusion layer. The room temperature wear tests performed against an alumina counterpart revealed that (i) CrN/AlTiN-coated steel had the highest friction coefficient of 0.26, which further increased to 0.33 by nitriding due to the increase in shear strength, and that (ii) with increasing surface hardness, the specific wear rates (W) of the heat-treated and coated steels could be ranked as follows: WCrN/AlTiN < WAlTiN < WCrN. The wear rates decreased when nitriding was carried out prior to coating. In order to simulate the aluminum extrusion conditions, hot wear behavior of the surfaces against AA6080 alloy at 450 °C was investigated. The hot wear tests revealed that (i) high friction coefficients were reached due to the adhesive characteristic of aluminum to the surfaces, (ii) the nitrided and CrN/AlTiN-coated sample exhibited the lowest wear rate among all studied surfaces, and (iii) the film damage on the worn surfaces mostly occurred in the form of droplet delamination.
Additive Manufacturing of metals has become relevant for industrial applications. The near net-shape production of components produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB/M) enables new possibilities in component design combined with a reduction of the amount of needed material. Omitting the extra material, that was part of conventionally produced components due to machining constraints, results in components which in consequence lack the inherent additional safety margins provided by the higher material consumption of conventionally produced components. Therefore, to use PBF-LB/M metals in safety critical applications an in-depth understanding of porosity and internal stresses in parts made by PBF-LB/M is needed. Only non-destructive testing methods—such as computed tomography and residual stress analysis using neutrons—enable the assessment of porosity and stresses in the whole part. In this thesis I tackled creep and tensile static deformed specimens to fill research gaps in this field in terms of analysing PBF-LB/M stainless steel AISI 316L: from structural properties to in-situ behaviour. The initial void population of AISI 316L is studied using X-ray and synchrotron micro computed tomography. Specimens produced with different process parameters were analysed to quantify the influence of process parameters on the initial void population. The possibility to close voids using the laser illumination of subsequent layers is discussed by a quantitative study of the ability of the laser to melt different multiples of the applied layer thickness. The formation of internal stress is inherent to components produced by the PBFLB/ M process. These stresses remain in the components after production as residual stresses. In this thesis a study is presented which aims to unravel the mechanisms that define the spatial distribution of the residual stresses, and their magnitude. In the end, the population of internal voids during mechanical testing is studied by X-ray micro computed tomography. The evolution of damage accumulation in creep specimens is studied at different stages of the creep test. Results are compared to a creep tested conventionally made specimen and to a PBF-LB/M specimen from a tensile test. An interconnection between the PBF-LB/M microstructure and the pattern of damage is revealed.
Violent chronic conflicts, uprooting, and the continuous massive (re)generation of displacement waves constitute the main elements of the Kurds’ history within nation-states’ (changing) geographies. Today, Kurdish-inhabited territories represent palimpsests of involuntary dislocations and relocation stories, constantly (re)written by refuge-seeking/ granting (spatial) practices. Since 2011, contemporary uprisings and wars in Syria and Iraq have inscribed the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KR-I) territories with a new layer of displacement stories. These territories acted as frontline receptors for consecutive Syrian refugees and Iraqi internally displaced waves seeking protection. Displacees found refuge in the rural, urban and newly set humanitarian camps’ spaces; hence, they (temporarily) anchored and carved some sort of a presence within their receiving sites. The rationale behind such receiving sites' emergence, use and progression in the KR-I have historically oscillated between modernization, discipline, development and humanitarianism.
Guided by the urbanism lens, this research aims to narrate the KR-I’s forced displacement territorial biography of involuntary dislocated and (re)located Kurds. This narration chronologically traces these groups' newly (re)shaped receiving sites and how refuge-seeking/granting practices aggregated and (re) articulated the KR-I’s territories. It investigates the ways in which these receiving sites act as seeds of emerging urbanities in such a politically contested region. On the one hand, the research zooms out and repositions these sites' emergence and spatial progression within a broader geopolitical context, socioeconomic conditionalities, uses and meaning subversions due to the ever-changing actors. On the other hand, it zooms closely into the newly set Syrian-Kurdish refugee camps in the KR-I within and beyond predefined (nation-state) belongings in their ever-distorted time-space frames. It securitizes on the ways in which these sites are conceived and inhabited to (re)claim rights “to” and “in” space, territory, history and future. Between the large and small pictures, the research investigates the human and the non-human spatial agency that (re)patches these ruptured Kurds' collective memories and contemporary narratives of where, when, what and with whom (a future) home rests.
This study is an urgent call for the international and local constellation of actors to critically rethink their standardized ready-made solutions and piece-meal spatial interventions in geographies associated with chronic crisis, ever (re)branded under emergency, development and peace ‘help’ banners. It sets the basis for rearticulating and developing further research-based interventions that account for exhausted conflict-ridden (infra)structures, political sensitivities, socio-economic situations and environmental impacts.
Für die Personalisierte Medizin wird eine präzise und schnelle Analyse relevanter kardiovaskulärer, Tumor- oder Autoimmunbiomarker in der heutigen Labordiagnostik immer wichtiger. Patienten sollen möglichst individuell und auf ihre Bedürfnisse abgestimmt behandelt werden. Mithilfe einfacher, tragbarer, zeit- und materialsparender Analysemethoden sollen in Zukunft die Ärzte durch automatisierte, multiparametrische Testsysteme unterstützt werden. Um diese Probleme adressieren zu können, ist es notwendig, Systeme zu entwickeln, die einen simultanen Nachweis von Protein-, Nukleinsäure-, und Lipidbiomarkern ermöglichen. Die vorliegende Dissertation setzt sich mit der Entwicklung mikropartikelbasierter Nachweissysteme für hydrophile und amphiphile Biomarker auseinander. Hierbei wurde ein mikropartikelbasierter Mikrofluidikchip zur Analyse von vier Protein- und DNAbasierten kardiovaskulären Biomarkern entwickelt. Dieser zeigt gegenüber der Verwendung einer Multiwellplatte eine Reduzierung der Zeit von 1 h auf 7 min, die Reduzierung von Patientenmaterial, aufgrund des Einsatzes geringer Volumina und eine erhöhte Sensitivität um einen Faktor von fünf gegenüber den Herstellerangaben der Biomarker. Die Analyse amphiphiler Biomarker wie Phospholipide oder Lipoproteine setzte die Verwendung hydrophober Mikropartikel voraus. Neuartige, fluoreszenzkodierte, hydrophobe Mikropartikel wurden hergestellt und anhand verschiedener Kriterien wie Verhalten in Puffersystemen, Hydrophobizität, Lösungsmittelstabilität und Fluoreszenz- und Größenverteilung charakterisiert. Mithilfe der typisierten hydrophoben Mikropartikel wurden amphiphile Biomarker, wie z. B. Anti-Phospholipid-Antikörper gegen Cardiolipin, welche bei Autoimmunerkrankungen, Krebs und kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen eine Rolle spielen, an die Mikropartikeloberfläche gekoppelt. Ein aussagekräftiger Nachweis der Anti- Phospholipid-Antikörper konnte sowohl auf Membran- als auch Mikropartikelbasis entwickelt werden. Mit dem entwickelten Proof-of-Principle konnten erste Patientenseren analysiert und eine eindeutige Zuordnung der positiven und negativen Seren vorgenommen werden.
In den letzten Jahren hat in der Forschung und Wirtschaft die mikrobielle Biogasproduktion großes Interesse geweckt. Mit diesem Konzept könnte die Versorgung mit erneuerbarer Energie in Zeiten geringerer Energieerzeugung gewährleistet und zusätzlich die Umwelt geschont werden. Bei der Power-to-Gas Technologie wird überschüssige elektrische Energie für die Herstellung von Wasserstoff durch Elektrolyse verwendet. Anschließend werden Wasserstoff und Kohlenstoffdioxid mithilfe von hydrogenothrophen methanogenen Archaeen zu Methan (CH4) umgewandelt. Bei ausreichender Qualität (>97%) könnte dieses ins nationale Erdgasnetz eingespeist werden. Dieses Verfahren kann durch die direkte Zugabe von H2 in einem Fermenter (in-situ) oder extern in einem separaten Biogasreaktor (ex-situ) stattfinden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die jüngsten Forschungsergebnisse in Bezug auf das ex-situ Verfahren analysiert und zusammengetragen. Genauer wurde die Beeinflussung der Prozessvariablen sowie optimale Reaktionsbedingungen diskutiert. Zusätzlich zum eigentlichen Ablauf des ex-situ Prozesses wird am Ende der Arbeit die Wirtschaftlichkeit erörtert. Die Ergebnisse belegen, dass die ex-situ Biomethanisierung eine Produktgasqualität von mehr als 95% erreichen kann. Dafür müssen die Prozessvariablen jedoch optimal eingestellt werden. Gut geeignet wäre z.B. eine mit Methanobacterium angereicherte Mischkultur mit einem pH-Wert im Bereich von 7,1 bis 8,5. Weiterhin erläutern viele Studien, dass eine ausreichende Nährstoffversorgung, 5 bar Betriebsdruck und eine Umgebungstemperatur von 35 °C bis 55°C optimale Betriebsbedingungen darstellen. Aus wirtschaftlicher Sicht ist Biomethan nach aktuellem Stand der Technik preisintensiver als herkömmliche Methanquellen. Jedoch könnten unter Berücksichtigung umweltschonender Effekte, Klimaschutz sowie dem Vertrieb von CO2- Zertifikaten die Kosten ausgeglichen und ein niedrigeres Preisniveau erreicht werden. Zusammenfassend stellt Power-to-Gas eine vielversprechende Zukunftstechnologie dar, welche die Möglichkeit auf eine umweltfreundliche und nahezu CO2-neutrale Biomethanproduktion unter Verwendung überschüssiger Energie eröffnet.
In this work we investigated the resistance of different kP implementations based on the Montgomery ladder against horizontal, i.e. single trace, attacks. Applying statistical methods for the analysis we were able to reveal the secret value k completely. The reason causing the success of our attacks is the key-dependent addressing of the registers and other design blocks, which is an inherent feature of binary kP algorithms. This dependency was successfully exploited in the past by Itoh et al. analyzing many hundreds of kP traces, i.e. this attack is a vertical address-bit differential power analysis attack against Montgomery ladder. The vulnerability of the Montgomery ladder against horizontal address-bit attacks was detected and demonstrated during our investigations. We were able to reveal the scalar k exploiting the address-bit vulnerability in single trace attacks using not only statistical methods, but also Fourier transform, selected clustering methods as well as one of the simplest methods – the automatized simple SCA. We performed successful horizontal address-bit SCA attacks against both types of ECs, i.e. against highly regular Montgomery ladder and against a binary kP algorithm implementing atomic patterns. The success of our attacks shows that the regularity and atomicity principles are not effective against horizontal address-bit attacks. As a means for reducing the attack success, we investigated the hiding ability of the field multiplier which is usually the largest block of kP designs. We implemented our field multiplier for ECs over prime fields corresponding to the 4-segment Karatsuba multiplication formula that reduces the execution time and the energy consumption for a kP operation by about 40 % in comparison to multipliers exploiting the classical multiplication formula. However, the energy consumption per clock remained in our multiplier without significant changes, i.e. the protective hiding properties of the multiplier as a noise source were not decreased. Another advantage of our field multiplier is its inherent resistance to horizontal collision attacks, in contrast to multipliers based on the classic multiplication formula. Additionally, we proposed regular scheduling for the block addressing as an effective strategy for reducing the success of horizontal address-bit attacks. Combining this approach with the hiding features of the field multipliers can increase the resistance of the kP designs for both types of ECs against a broad spectrum of SCA attacks. The mentioned analysis methods can be successfully applied for determining SCA leakage sources in the early design phase.
Nanopore sequencing, a third-generation sequencing technique that applies nanometre sized pores to transduce the physical and chemical properties of specific nucleobases into measurable electrical signals, shows attractive advantages over conventional next-generation sequencing techniques. However, primarily due to high sequencing error rates this technique has rarely been used so far in clinical laboratory diagnostics. In this cumulative dissertation Nanopore sequencing was established and validated in clinical diagnostics using the example of the molecular diagnosis of Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) and SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. First, a novel data analysis pipeline for accurate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping using Nanopore sequencing data was developed and validated with the corresponding sequencing protocol against conventional Sanger sequencing using 47 samples of patients with clinical suspicion of FMF. This method comparison showed a perfect agreement between both methods rendering current Nanopore sequencing in principle suitable for SNP genotyping in human genetics.
The bioinformatic analysis of sequencing data is one of the most challenging parts in Nanopore sequencing experiments and complicates the application in a clinical diagnostic setting. Therefore, six different bioinformatic tools for sequence alignment were evaluated regarding their applicability to Nanopore sequencing data. This evaluation revealed a good suitability of all except one of these tools although differences in quality and performance exist.
Since Nanopore sequencing showed a robust performance in SNP genotyping, a SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing (WGS) protocol was established to enable onside viral WGS in a clinical laboratory. This was especially important for viral molecular biological surveillance during the pandemic as shown by analysing viral genetic data over the course of one year. Applying this approach in a clinical research project to investigate host-virus interaction by aggregating for the first time viral genetic data, serological data and clinical data, showed diverse humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, that appear to be influenced by age, obesity and disease severity. Further, even small viral genetic changes may influence the clinical presentation of the associated disease COVID-19. Additionally, a novel reverse transcriptase (RT)- loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 was developed and validated for diagnostic use by method comparison with conventional RT-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In summary, by presenting advancements of sequencing and bioinformatic workflows with the focus on an application in clinical diagnostics, the results of this thesis may pave the way for a broader application of Nanopore sequencing in laboratory medicine in the near future.
Between 2000 and 2015, the services sector grew by 23% in OECD countries, with around two-thirds of the working population employed in this sector. In the European Union, 72.1% of the labor force worked in the services sector in 2018. With a growing global population, the demand for services is also increasing, making increasing service productivity an important research goal.
Public and private service companies are subject to different incentive structures that influence their approach to productivity. Public service enterprises, especially in the social, health, and education sectors, play a critical role in society. Improving public service productivity is therefore essential.
Two research questions are addressed: What factors have the greatest impact on the performance of service workers? How can performance improvement be expressed by managing the influencing factors of frontline employees? By focusing on frontline employees, this dissertation recognizes their essential role in increasing service productivity. The goal of the thesis is to gain insight into the factors that influence their productivity in public service.
The dissertation reviews service productivity models in detail. Differences and connections between the various models and schools of models are discussed. Grönroos and Ojasalo's model of service productivity is selected as the theoretical framework for the empirical study to examine the factors influencing frontline employees. The systematic selection of influencing factors as well as the evaluation of previous research on these factors, reveals research gaps, which are translated into hypotheses. The majority of the data for the empirical part comes from public service companies. The designed questionnaire serves as a starting point for the development of a scale for empirical validation for one part, a component of the Grönroos-Ojasalo model. The research results offer a basis for action for practitioners who want to achieve productivity improvements.
Solving differential equations is still a topic of major interest, due to their appearance in many fields of science and engineering and a classic approach with neural networks builds upon trial solutions, the so-called neural forms. The latter are incorporated in a cost function that is subject to minimisation, to train the involved neural networks. Neural forms represent general and flexible tools for solving ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations as well as systems of each. However, the computational approach is in general highly dependent on a variety of computational parameters and the choice of the optimisation methods. Studying the solution of a simple but fundamental stiff ordinary differential equations with small feedforward neural networks and first order optimisation shows, that it is possible to identify preferable choices for parameters and methods. The neural network weight initialisation appears to be a sensitive topic, while having a major impact on the solution accuracy. Especially the use of non-random (deterministic) weights partially shows poor performance, but removes a stochastic component. Further research reveals, that a new polynomial representation of the neural forms can significantly increase the reliability of a deterministic initialisation (all weights have initially the same values assigned). In order to maintain smaller neural network architectures and solve the differential equation, even on fairly large domains, a new technique called domain segmentation (for initial value problems) is introduced. The solution domain splits into equidistant subdomains and the above-mentioned collocation polynomial neural forms are solved separately in each domain fragment. At the boundary of any subdomain, a new initial value is provided by the neural forms solution and directly incorporated in the adjacent one. In classic adaptive numerical methods for solving differential equations, the mesh as well as the domain may be refined or decomposed, respectively, in order to improve numerical accuracy. The subdomain distribution can also be connected with an adaptive refinement. That is, the neural network training status is combined with an adaptive subdomain size reduction in the new adaptive neural domain refinement algorithm. That is, each subdomain is reduced in size until the optimisation is resolved up to a predefined training accuracy. In addition, while the neural networks are by default small, the number of neurons may also be adjusted in an adaptive way. Conditions are introduced to automatically confirm the solution reliability and optimise computational parameters whenever it is necessary.
Biofilme sind Zusammenschlüsse von Mikroorganismen, die eingebettet in einer selbstproduzierten Matrix vor äußeren Umwelteinflüssen geschützt sind und eine erhöhte Toleranz gegenüber Antiinfektiva aufweisen. Im Bereich der Humanmedizin werden 65-80 % aller bakteriellen Infektionen mit Biofilmen assoziiert. Problematisch ist die fehlende Biofilmanalytik in der Routinediagnostik, die auch von der Europäischen Gesellschaft für klinische Mikrobiologie und Infektionskrankheiten gefordert wird. So fehlen standardisierte Methoden für den mikroskopischen Nachweis einer Biofilm-assoziierten Infektion, die in situ Quantifizierung von Bakterien auf Implantaten und die Prüfung der Antibiotikaempfindlichkeit von Bakterien in Biofilmen. Mit den in dieser Arbeit etablierten Methoden wurden diese verschiedenen Schwerpunkte im Bereich der bakteriellen Biofilmanalytik beleuchtet. Basierend auf der an der Hochschule Lausitz entwickelten VideoScan-Technologie wurden fluoreszenzmikroskopische Methoden für die Untersuchung von Biofilmen entwickelt. Es wurde ein Modul geschaffen, welches qualitative und quantitative Aussagen über die allgemeine Fähigkeit von Bakterien zur Biofilmbildung treffen kann. Mit Anwendung dieser Methode konnte der Zusammenhang zwischen den genotypischen und phänotypischen Merkmalen von 187 klinischen E. coli-Isolaten und deren Biofilmbildung untersucht werden. Ein weiteres Modul erlaubte die Untersuchung der mit E. coli besiedelten Materialien Glas, Stahl und Titan. Insgesamt 44 Materialstücke (Coupons) wurden auf die Anzahl adhärenter Bakterien, die besiedelte Fläche und die maximal gebildete Biofilmdicke untersucht. Das dritte und letzte Modul fand Anwendung in der Untersuchung der Antibiotikaempfindlichkeit von S. aureus während der Biofilmbildung und unterschiedlich reifer S. aureus-Biofilme. Innerhalb dieser Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass die etablierte Methode eine umfangreiche Analyse von Biofilmen für verschiedene Fragestellungen ermöglicht.
Nowadays day-to-day digital communication and social life has only fortified with the ongoing pandemic. People enjoy communication and information across various (direct) messaging platforms and accepted its ever-increasing impact on public discourse and society. While traditional platforms implement user profiles enabling social credit, the landscape also includes anonymity. Yet, a new type of application combining anonymity with a strong spatial focus, hyperlocality, emerged over recent years. To this point, platform implications of both uniquely combined design properties largely remain unknown.
In this thesis, we provide a first data-driven holistic view on Jodel that combines both properties. We leverage unbiased complete ground truth information to dissect a plethora of communities across two different countries: Germany and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This work follows a platform perspective identifying four major essentially important areas revolving around the individual.
That is, we begin with a broad analysis of three User Adoption processes along three different applications. After discussing our measurements of the user base adoption of the German COVID-19 digital contact tracing application, we provide evidence of well-established platforms being re-purposed as a side channel to evade censorship in the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian hybrid war. We further showcase that the very same platform ingredients may yield vastly different outcomes on the messaging app Jodel. While any online platform builds upon User Interactions, we structurally characterize Jodel behavior across both countries. We discuss structural disparities and detail platform implications - solely induced by local user behavior. An in-depth look into the Saudi community landscape closes a research gap to platform usage in a different society, identifying differences.
Further, we discuss User Content analyzing information diffusion. Taking content to the next level, we developed a multidimensional classification scheme for intents (why) and topics (what) of social media messages and provide details of a crowdsourced campaign for Saudi Arabian contents. With neural word embeddings as a tool for making text tangible and the prevalence of emoji in social media communication, we discuss quantitative and qualitative insights to word-emoji embeddings reflecting semantics. Additionally, we make such embeddings interpretable and provide evidence that our method is well in line with human judgement.
In terms of User Management, we detail insights to distributed moderation processes and model the threat of abusive content. In the long term, platforms need to establish a sustainable, preferably growing, environment. That is, we next discuss user lifetime and possibly early churn factors, while modeling user lifetime from metadata. We finish with a blueprint of data-driven long-term quality of experience analyzes in a controlled massively multiplayer online game (MMOG) environment.
Multi- and manycore processors promise to combine high overall peak performance with moderate power consumption to meet the constantly growing demand for computational power under the energy constraints of today’s CMOS technology. Future systems with manycore processors are expected to contain a huge amount of cores, which exceeds the number of processes that will run simultaneously. Consequently, processor time sharing approaches, that introduce significant overhead from regular context switches in common OS, will no longer be necessary.
This work investigates mechanisms for scalable and energy-efficient spatial partitioning of multi- and manycore processor systems. In addition, it explores the implications of exclusive processor core allocation to user processes due to the absence of temporal multiplexing and offers approaches to ease the adaptation to the new programming model.
The proposed mechanisms achieved fast thread allocation which motivates applications for dynamic thread allocation and benefits performance as well as energy efficiency. The efficiency control and resource revocation mechanisms detect and prevent wasteful and inefficient resource occupation from poorly optimized or malicious processes. In this way, the global efficiency of the system is optimized. The dynamic processing resource allocation and revocation handling has been integrated into a task parallel runtime system, to disburden the application programmer from manual implementation and to increase productivity.
Le philosophe Pyrrhonien : comédie en trois actes ; texte établi d'après l'édition d'Angers, 1761
(2009)
La comédie "Le Philosophe Pyrrhonien" a été publiée en 1761 à Angers, dans le nord de la France. L’auteur de l’oeuvre est Monsieur Martin, professeur au collège de Château-Gontier. Avec sa pièce de théâtre, Martin veut réfuter le scepticisme du philosophe grec Pyrrhon (~360 - ~270 av. J.-C.) et faire connaître à son public la théorie de la connaissance et l’éthique d’Aristote. L’ouvrage, publié à l’apogée des Lumières, est donc aussi -sous une forme voilée- un témoignage des débats philosophiques de son époque.
Le récit "La semaine mémorable" du 24 Juillet 1789 fait partie des descriptions contemporaines qui décrivent en détail les événements survenus à Paris au moment de la prise de la Bastille. Son auteur anonyme se montre un partisan résolu de la Révolution. Il rejette cependant catégoriquement toute anarchie et souhaite que le pouvoir politique passe aux mains des citoyens de la manière la plus ordonnée possible. Il voit son principal adversaire dans la haute noblesse, notamment dans les ministres du roi. Louis XVI est pour lui un souverain qui se range du côté de la population et qui n'est empêché de mettre en pratique sa bonté que par son entourage.
Mémoire sur les Etats généraux, 1er juin 1789 : un manuscrit inconnu de la Révolution Française
(2011)
Le manuscrit "Mémoire sur les Etats généraux", qui est publié ici pour la première fois, fut écrit le 1er juin 1789. D’après son auteur anonyme, la plupart des exigences exprimées dans les cahiers de doléances furent déjà satisfaites par les concessions accordées par Louis XVI. Pour lui, la plus grande différence réside dans les diverses opinions concernant le mode de vote des Etats généraux.
Les commentaires de l’auteur sur les demandes des cahiers de doléances montrent clairement ses convictions politiques. D’une part, il demande la restriction du pouvoir absolu du roi, d’autre part, il veut maintenir le système des trois ordres. Sa position en faveur d’une monarchie forte ne le fait même pas reculer devant une critique envers le roi, certes prudente. Il craint qu’avec l’abolition complète des privilèges, la monarchie ne perde sa raison d’être et trouve sa fin.
A cause de ses opinions conservatrices concernant l’armée et de son appui pour les différences entre les trois ordres, il est fort probable que l’auteur du "Mémoire" ait été membre de l’aristocratie militaire.
Das BULE+/BMEL-Forschungsprojekt DigPion analysiert die Netzwerke und Kooperationsstrategien digitaler Vordenkerinnen und Vordenker im ländlichen Raum. Dazu wurden digitale Pionierinnen und Pioniere mit IKT-Kenntnissen in den Fallregionen Mecklenburg-Vorpommern und Baden-Württemberg identifiziert, die soziale Innovationen und regionale Entwicklung in ländlichen Regionen vorantreiben. Die Broschüre umfasst Handlungsempfehlungen für die regionale Governance, um eine nachhaltige räumliche Entwicklung in ländlichen Regionen zu fördern.
In dieser Bachelorarbeit wird das Problem der Auswahl von Antennenstandorten für eine maximale räumliche Abdeckung in 5G-Funknetzen untersucht. Das Hauptziel besteht darin, eine effiziente Lösung für dieses kombinatorische Optimierungsproblem zu finden, indem es als Partial Set Covering Problem formuliert und gelöst wird. Die Arbeit gliedert sich in zwei Teile: Der erste Teil bietet eine Einführung in die mathematischen Grundlagen des Partial Set Covering Problems, einschließlich Definitionen, Formulierung und Lösungsverfahren. Im zweiten Teil wird ein praktischer Ansatz zur Lösung dieses Problems präsentiert, wobei realen Instanzen für die Auswahl von Antennenstandorten analysiert werden. Hierbei werden zwei Hauptfragen untersucht: 1) Wie kann die gegebene Instanz in ein Partial Set Covering Problem umformuliert werden? 2) Wie kann dieses Problem mithilfe eines heuristischen Verfahrens, insbesondere des Simulated-Annealing-Algorithmus, gelöst werden? Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit tragen dazu bei, fundierte Entscheidungen über den Aufbau von 5G-Netzen zu treffen und die Netzwerkabdeckung unter Berücksichtigung von Nebenbedingungen zu maximieren.
For the third time we were able to hold our PhD workshop "Research is Calling" on smart medical devices and systems, this time in Berlin again. This unique workshop brings together young scientists from computer science and medicine to provide a forum to discuss the very latest approaches to smart medical devices and systems. This year, for the first time, it is possible to publish corresponding workshop proceedings via the publication service of the Brandenburg Technical University (BTU). In our view, this format can create true interdisciplinarity because everyone presents their ideas and interim results to colleagues from a wide variety of disciplines and, conversely, hears and sees the latest from many other specialties. This forum is the vehicle for initiating new collaborations and planning joint research projects. The 'Cottbus project' emerged from personal partnerships between 'technicians' and 'physicians' and was planned from the beginning as a platform and an offer: as a platform for free and fully open scientific exchange and discourse, as an offer to all who are interested, also and gladly beyond Brandenburg. Begun as a "PhD Colloquium", Cottbus' "Research is Calling" is an ideas laboratory for young scientists. Cottbus is to establish a university medical faculty in the next few years as part of the structural change program following the coal phase-out. From our point of view, this lab is an important building block to establish cross-sectional issues right at the interface between medicine and technology, a culture of open discourse and scientific dialogue. The workshop covers the following topics in particular: Smart sensors for medical applications, Low-power wearable sensors, artificial intelligence for medical applications, medical robots, algorithms for medical applications, applications and case studies. Despite the pandemic situation the workshop could be held in presence. In five exciting presentations new ideas and cooperation possibilities were shown. Two keynotes (including Alina Nechyporenko, Marcus Frohme as special guests) and a dinner rounded off the program. At this point we would like to thank all participants, the reviewers, and the organizers, Stefan Scharoba and Kathleen Galke. We look forward to establishing this event as permanent and reaching an ever-growing audience.