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This doctoral research examines community participation in decision-making for Cultural Heritage Tourism (CHT) in Nizamuddin Basti and Shahjahanabad, historical sites in New Delhi, India. It includes three papers addressing community participation barriers, resident motivation, and collective action dilemmas using the Institutional Analysis and Development-Network of Adjacent Action Situations (IAD-NAAS) framework.
The study identifies four main barriers: institutional constraints, limited awareness, capacity issues, and cultural norms inhibiting residents' involvement in CHT decision-making. Despite these obstacles, the community's deep attachment to the area's heritage, appreciation of tangible and intangible heritage, and recognition of communal benefits motivate participation.
Using the IAD-NAAS framework, the research unravels collective action dilemmas, emphasizing how individual actions in one context can impact actions in adjacent contexts. Key action situations are monument conservation, local community livelihood development, tourism development, and community decision-making participation.
Through in-depth interviews, the study garners a rich understanding of barriers and motivations for community participation. It highlights the role of community involvement in creating inclusive, diverse heritage narratives, challenging the conventional discourses dominating heritage narratives. Thus, fostering a democratic and inclusive approach to heritage.
The global regulations and policies of the foundational UNESCO World Heritage (WH) are by far unable to solve the management threefold relationship conflicts between Heritage, Tourism activities, and urban needs as integral components of a Heritage site. Besides, fundamental scholars as well have not explored this existing relationship comprehensively. Instead, the conflict is discussed in a twofold manner. So, both existing international regulations and latest literature contributions have failed to understand the obstacles to bring out applicable on-site approaches for Heritage site management.
This research provides a novel lens with which to understand the conflicting demands of Heritage sites management. It does not only delve into bringing forward the predominant reasons for failure particularly for Luxor city in Egypt as an overarching question, but also the long-term impact on Tourism management and society overall from an urban perspective. The key research questions are: (1) how definitions and conceptions of Heritage Value by foundational resources are reflected in the Tourism field; (2) how the Egyptian Heritage protection laws regulate the stated conflict; and (3) focusing on Luxor city, how the history of Tourism, Heritage policies, and urban planning in Egypt, which favoured tourism-oriented projects, impacted the morphology of the city and its urban and social networks.
The investigation of Heritage Value definitions revealed a broad spectrum of views and even contradicting notions. The quandary nature of Value is evident in the Egyptian Heritage protection regulations. Additionally, they are not on the same pace as the international discourse about the complexity of Heritage protection. It viewed Value resources of Luxor city that were destinated for tourism-oriented development plans from the Heritage and Tourism points of view to come up with increasing concerns and unsolved plights.
For realistic and sustainable Heritage management, the UNESCO WH Centre's insufficient relation to WH sites needs local community representatives as an equal third party instead of maintaining it primarily through experts from its Advisory Bodies and State Parties. Egyptian Heritage protection laws should be reformed to identify the urban context as an integral component of Heritage sites, provide the local communities with technical and financial incentives, and integrate Historic Urban Landscapes recommendations. Heritage sites management and urban planning of cities of Heritage Value in Egypt should be restructured to be on the local level, where the power and interest landscape of stakeholders are the most balanced. The regulatory reorganisations that acknowledge the broader urban milieu at the international, national and local levels are a chief factor for sustainable Heritage site management.
Conservation work on cultural heritage occurs mostly ‘behind the scenes’, hidden away from the general public. Research has shown, however, that there is considerable interest from tourists and locals alike to gain insights into conservation practice. While this can be done through visits to conservation laboratories or heritage sites, an additional tool to complement these visits is to provide documentary films of ongoing conservation work.
In the summer of 2016, a group of international master’s students from different study programmes at Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg visited Florence to study issues related to the preservation of cultural heritage. In particular, they examined conservation-related work being done at the Courtyard of Michelozzo in the Palazzo Vecchio, where Giorgio Vasari originally decorated the upper wall sections and ceiling with frescoes in 1565. Due to daily wear and tear, which has been exacerbated by a high number of visitors as well as climatic conditions, conservation work became necessary to address soiled painted surfaces, disintegrating plaster and missing sections of the plaster and paint layers.
This collection of papers addresses a variety of topics relating to the wall paintings by Vasari, as well as threats and tools to protect and conserve them and other cultural heritage sites that are faced with growing tourism. This student project was carried out in collaboration with the UNESCO Office of the Municipality of Florence (Carlo Francini and Chiara Bocchio), the Fine Arts Department of the Municipality of Florence (Giorgio Caselli), the director of the conservation work (Fabio Sforzi), wall painting conservators of the Vasari frescoes (Cristina Conti and Alessandra Popple), the Department of Architectural Conservation at Università di Firenze (Giuseppe Centauri and Daniela Chiesi) and the BTU Media Centre (Ralf Schuster).
Interpretation and presentation of Nabataeans innovative technologies: case study Petra/Jordan
(2011)
The Nabataeans were people of innovation and technology. Many clear evidences were left behind them that prove this fact. Unfortunately for a site like Petra, visited by crowds of visitors and tourists every day, many major elements need to be strengthened in terms of interpretation and presentation techniques in order to reflect the unique and genuine aspects of the place. The major elements that need to be changed include: un-authorized tour guides, insufficient interpretation site information in terms of quality and display. In spite of Jordan‘s numerous archaeological sites (especially Petra) within the international standards, legislations and conventions that discuss intensively interpretation and presentation guidelines for archaeological site in a country like Jordan, it is not easy to implement these standards in Petra at present for several reasons which include: presence of different stakeholders, lack of funding, local community. Moreover, many interpretation and development plans were previously made for Petra, which makes it harder to determine the starting point. Within the work I did, I proposed two ideas for developing interpretation technique in Petra. First was using the theme technique, which creates a story from the site or from innovations done by the inhabitants, and to be presented to visitors in a modern approach. The purpose of this story is to link the visitor to the site emotionally, by providing them with the sense and feel of the site‘s real events by that time together with a good amount of information that gives the visitor the chance to live and feel an unforgettable experience of the place. The second idea was how to tailor a useful interpretation plan that could be implemented on all other archaeological sites in Jordan right after "evaluating the results of its implementation in Petra". The aim of this thesis is to develop interpretation criteria for "local governments and nongovernmental organizations", as well as an interpretation plan in a Jordanian context and apply them on all other archaeological sites in Jordan. Tourists would benefit from the quality of interpretation services offered by the interpreters and the techniques of presentation available on the site, in addition to tour guides who have received training programs derivate from this study, which would guarantee in return a more sustainable tourism movement to the site of Petra in the future.
„Das ist ja wie im Museum!“ ist eine Aussage, der wir bei der Beschreibung von denkmalgeschützten Orten begegnen. Doch wie lässt sich Musealität für den städtischen Kontext definieren und messen? Welche Gründe gibt es für Musealität und wie kann sie gelenkt werden? Ausgangspunkt und Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, die Beschreibung „wie im Museum“ wissenschaftlich zu untersuchen und eine Grundlage dafür zu liefern, dass Veränderungsprozesse, die zu Musealität führen, in Planungsprozessen berücksichtigt werden können. Der Begriff Musealität und der Prozess der Musealisierung werden durch die Arbeit für den städtischen Zusammenhang von denkmalgeschützten, touristisch genutzten Zonen definiert. Dafür werden Musealitätsmerkmale benannt und Funktionsveränderungen, Kontextveränderungen und Veränderungen in der Aneignung öffentlicher Räume analysiert. Es wird dargestellt, welche Musealisierungshandlungen zu welchen Veränderungen führen und welche Rollen dem Denkmalschutz und dem Fremdenverkehr in Welterbeortschaften zukommen. Der Hauptteil der Arbeit beschreibt Untersuchungsmethoden mit der Musealität dokumentiert und ihrer Gründe analysiert werden können. Drei Feldstudien in spanisch-kolonialen Welterbestädten (Trinidad auf Kuba, Guanajuato in Mexiko und Vigan auf den Philippinen) veranschaulichen die Anwendung der Methoden. Aus den im Feld gewonnenen Dokumentationsergebnissen wird ein System von räumlichen und zeitlichen Musealitätsmustern abgeleitet. Es wird ein Spektrum an Abhängigkeiten aufgezeigt, die den Veränderungsprozess Musealisierung prägen. Abschließend wird ein Ausblick darauf gegeben, wie Veränderungsprozesse, die zu Musealität führen, in Planungsprozesse einbezogen werden können. Der Ausblick zeigt Möglichkeiten für die Lenkung der Veränderungsprozesse und stellt die Rolle der entwickelten Untersuchungsmethoden für Planungsprozesse dar.