Refine
Document Type
- Doctoral thesis (1)
Has Fulltext
- yes (1)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (1)
Year of publication
- 2022 (1)
Language
- English (1)
Keywords
- RES (1) (remove)
Institute
This analysis aims at the investigation of the techno-economic RES potentials and to minimize GHG emissions in the ENTSO-E. The ENTSO-E represents one of the world’s largest economic regions with a GDP of 19,835 billion US dollar (23%) and a primary energy consumption of 29,705 TWh (18%). ENTSO-E is coined with high degrees of fossil energy dependencies (49.9%) from third-party countries and contributes 3,517 Mt CO2eq (9%) to global GHG emissions. The Primary Sources onshore wind, offshore wind, utility-scale PV, and CSP techno-economic potentials are assessed via GIS-based georeferenced spatial analysis. Solar rooftop potentials are calculated based on a per capita approach. The Secondary Sources bioenergy, hydropower, geothermal, and hydrokinetic energy potentials are approximated based on meta-analysis. Primary and Secondary Sources potentials are input into the IES linear optimization model to simulate an energy system with high shares of RES and PTX. It is found that RES-based primary energy production potentials account for 13,492 TWh and energy dependency could be reduced by 6,482 TWh to 20.5%. Compared to the base year 1990, the direct GHG emission reduction amounts to 3,246 Mt CO2eq (70.7%). This reduction does not correspond with the EU reduction target of 80–95%. Hence, RES-based fuel imports, such as synthetic fuels and hydrogen, from third-party countries become necessary, to substitute fossil fuels and reduce domestic emissions. Additional GHG reduction potentials are suspected in the indirect emission sectors agriculture and waste management. In reference to the Sankey methodology, the analysis entails comprehensive energy flow balances for the ENTSO-E 2016 and 2050 energy systems. The ENTSO-E member countries exhibit heterogeneous properties regarding RES potentials, GHG emissions, and energy dependencies, and, hence, must be assessed individually. Integrated energy systems with high shares of RES and PTX represent a promising means to decrease direct energy use and non-energy use emissions as well as energy dependencies significantly.