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This study explores the interplay between the UNESCO status and climate governance in World Heritage cities. With climate change posing significant threats to living urban landscapes, local governments and public actors strive to implement sustainable and resilient strategies. However, complications arise when cities attain the World Heritage status, complicating climate governance practices. Qualitative research, involving interviews with key stakeholders from the Climate and Monument Protection Departments in Lübeck, Regensburg, and Bamberg, reveals a negative impact of cultural heritage on climate governance. The study contends that, when harnessed effectively, cultural heritage can contribute to the sustainability and resilience of cities in addressing climate change. It emphasises the necessity for flexibility, collaboration, and a human-centric approach, advocating for a common understanding and prioritisation of human life within climate governance. In conclusion, this research underscores the importance of viewing heritage as a dynamic component integrated into cities' climate governance strategies.
The material authenticity of cultural heritage has been questioned by societies in which the modern paradigm of conservation has not developed from within the native culture. This paper examines the philosophical and practical traditions in Iran regarding the materiality and authenticity of past structures. By reviewing the emergence of the Western conservation paradigm in Iran, this paper highlights two key factors: the rapidness of this paradigm shift and the remarkable contradiction between the new and old paradigms. By borrowing the Deleuzo-Guattarian concept of a ‘body without organs’ (BwO), this paper problematises the rapidness and radicality of the paradigm shift in Iran. It suggests exploring the under-investigated possibilities between the pre-modern and modern paradigms to address the gap between native circumstances and Western standards.
Urban heritage planning in Tehran and beyond : sequences of disrupted spatial-discursive assemblages
(2023)
Despite the impact of ideological rigidity, the primary challenge of heritage planning in Tehran and beyond lies not in the dominance of an inflexible Authorized Heritage Discourse, but rather in the absence of stable spatial-discursive and administrative structures. Solmaz Yadollahi maps the historical trajectory of conservation and urban heritage planning in Iran, depicting a discursive-spatial assemblage that tends to knock down its accumulated resources. This is in line with Katouzian's portrayal of Iran as a pick-axe society. Residing within this society, the studied assemblage strives to deconstruct the prevailing structures and usher in a fresh one, paradoxically perpetuating the very cycle it seeks to escape.
The contribution of community involvement in heritage management : a cultural mapping project
(2023)
Heritage has been lately the matter of debate regarding its definition, conservation and management approaches. In the last few years, there has been an increasing demand for the involvement of the local community in heritage management. Too often, the involvement perspectives of key stakeholders in general and the community members, in particular, are entirely different. While the theoretical ground of community involvement is somehow well set, heritage management has been slow in applying the involvement approach. Practically, it is not easy to find the balance to achieve all the goals of key stakeholders in any involvement project. Subsequently, there are a few numbers of empirical works on the practical implications of understanding heritage management effective tools and limited indication to convince recent ‘power-holders’ such as governmental organizations to distribute their power with local community members.
This doctoral research project explores community involvement in heritage management as an effective solution to building a strong management system. The study aims to examine the level and the quality of involvement in the management of heritage sites in general through a cultural mapping-based approach. This is applied to a case study which is the Religious Complex in Historic Cairo World Heritage Site. The research outcomes indicate the importance of involving the local community in heritage management and planning processes. Ultimately, the study provides critical empirical evidence and draws valuable theoretical and practical assumptions that spread knowledge of cultural mapping in critical issues, such as the drivers of involvement and cooperative decision-making.
This doctoral research examines community participation in decision-making for Cultural Heritage Tourism (CHT) in Nizamuddin Basti and Shahjahanabad, historical sites in New Delhi, India. It includes three papers addressing community participation barriers, resident motivation, and collective action dilemmas using the Institutional Analysis and Development-Network of Adjacent Action Situations (IAD-NAAS) framework.
The study identifies four main barriers: institutional constraints, limited awareness, capacity issues, and cultural norms inhibiting residents' involvement in CHT decision-making. Despite these obstacles, the community's deep attachment to the area's heritage, appreciation of tangible and intangible heritage, and recognition of communal benefits motivate participation.
Using the IAD-NAAS framework, the research unravels collective action dilemmas, emphasizing how individual actions in one context can impact actions in adjacent contexts. Key action situations are monument conservation, local community livelihood development, tourism development, and community decision-making participation.
Through in-depth interviews, the study garners a rich understanding of barriers and motivations for community participation. It highlights the role of community involvement in creating inclusive, diverse heritage narratives, challenging the conventional discourses dominating heritage narratives. Thus, fostering a democratic and inclusive approach to heritage.
This Master’s thesis research investigates how and if sharing authority is happening through a participatory exhibit, specifically by critically analyzing the Community Altar (CA) exhibit at Denver Botanic Gardens (DBG) from 2018. This case was selected partly due to the proliferation of Día de los Muertos exhibits and related celebrations occurring in museums steadily since the 1970s, particularly in a United States context. The context of working with this intangible cultural heritage practice brings up interesting questions in light of intensifying discussions in museum management surrounding equity and sharing authority. Furthermore, methods for examining how to share authority—particularly through participatory exhibit design with local communities and cultural heritage—remain lightly explored from theoretical perspectives. Through a qualitative content analysis, this research assesses results from exhibit planning documents and in-person interviews with CA participants and DBG staff members. Ultimately, this research suggests that in order to initiate sharing authority between CA exhibit participants and DBG, empowerment through “transformative participation” needs to occur (White, 1996). The planning structure of the CA exhibit should empower involved community members and DBG staff to co-produce exhibit elements in a co-creative way. A discussion around what empowerment means is offered in the end of the study, including that DBG staff can further support Community Altars participants in utilizing lived experience(s) as curatorial authority.
Cultural heritage faces many types of threats such as neglect, conflicts, disasters caused by natural and human induced hazards, unplanned infrastructure projects, climate change, etc. Over time, a number of institutions, organisations, programmes and initiatives to address the issues related to heritage at risk through varied modes of interventions such as advocacy work, conservation efforts, funding, awareness-raising regarding particular sites, etc. have emerged. Despite the stimulus and support of the various institutions, organisations and initiatives, diverse threats continue to impact cultural heritage in present times with some factors amplifying more than before, leading to the subsequent damages to or losses of heritage assets. Though reasons for these issues are varied and complex, one of the important factors to look into is the agency of the diverse ‘Heritage at Risk’ programmes or initiatives. ICOMOS being one of the pioneers in this global discourse of threatened heritage, its role is strategically vital. 20 years after ICOMOS’s first attempts to initiate one of the first ‘Heritage at Risk’ programmes, this research is an opportunity to re-examine and analyse the effectiveness of ICOMOS’ ‘Heritage at Risk’ programme within the current organisational/ institutional landscape of initiatives in the field of heritage at risk, that ICOMOS is embedded in. It is also an opportunity to situate the programme within the diverse views of the heritage at risk framework and the continuing shifts in the foundational paradigms of the international discourse on heritage conservation. The purpose of this analysis is to guide programme improvement for optimising efforts in favour of cultural heritage at risk within and/ or beyond ICOMOS and improve their ability to contribute towards - safeguarding heritage at risk, increasing the resilience of cultural heritage and sustainable development.
Today, urban conservation scholarship calls for case studies that problematise universal conservation principles in local planning circumstances, particularly in countries from which modern conservation has not originated. In this series of workshops, we discuss singularities of urban conservation and the protection of historic urban areas with local experts who have been directly involved in processes of putting conservation policy documents into practice. We discuss how the planned goals of conservation projects are influenced by unplanned factors such as war, economic and political instability, inter-organisational conflicts, and natural hazards. The discussed cases represent cities with non-western cultural backgrounds that are geographically and culturally interconnected. By discussing urban conservation issues in Ankara, Baghdad, Tehran, Shiraz, Yazd, Kerman, Herat, and Mumbai, we aim to reflect on the functionality of mainstream conservation approaches in local conditions. The speakers share their local insight into obstacles of realising the international conservation models under rapidly changing natural and socio-political conditions. The workshops' moderators are outstanding young academics who have a deep understanding of the discussed issues and have co-planned the sessions with the speakers. This series of events is cooperatively organised by the Chair Urban Management and the DFG Training Group 1913, "Cultural and Technological Significance of Historic Buildings" in the framework of the DFG project, Assembling Iran's Urban Heritage Conservation Policy and Practice: Problematised in Tehran.
For more than a decade, the interconnected structures of the Buddhist earthen heritage in Wanla village/Ladakh, illustrated most prominently by the historic Avalokiteshvara Temple, have been researched, conserved, and restored by the NGOs Achi Association and Achi Association India. In the fifteen articles of this publication, the interdisciplinary team of architects, art conservators, conservation scientists, art historians, and archaeologists present the results of their work with the village community for the preservation of this exceptional cultural heritage. They provide insights into a training programme for young people interested in their heritage, and explain the art historical details, construction techniques, building materials, building archaeology, and state of conservation of these structures, as well as the iconography of art works. This is all enriched by the conservation reports and documentation of several buildings.
All these efforts combined three major approaches: a fabric-based and a value-based analysis and assessment, along with a people-centred conservation.
Tattoo taboo : a reader
(2020)
In different parts of the world, tattoos historically have been expression of the socio-cultural identity of individuals or communities: Tattoos are firmly integrated into social practices as elements of initiation or marriage, in other parts of the world, however, tattoos carry negative associations being linked to immorality, and crime.
To research the practice of and places associated with tattooing a research-based study project was designed to address the practice of tattooing from the point of view of its cultural heritage values, both intangible and tangible. In the winter semester 2018/2019 this study project was offered jointly by the Chair of Architectural Conservation and the Department of Heritage Management at the Brandenburg University of Technology (BTU) Cottbus-Senftenberg. Twelve international students from the study programmes World Heritage Studies and Architecture participated in this study project, which included a field trip to London and Oxford and several interviews and interactions with researchers and academics from the fields of tattoo history, anthropology, medical sciences and museography.
A collection of students’ essays on this topic is presented in this reader with a particular focus on the tangible and intangible aspects of tattooing, and the spatial history of tattooing based on two distinct areas in London as a case study.
The papers are divided into three distinctive themes that are linked to the practice of tattooing. Section one is dedicated to tattoos as a form of heritage, the one to tattooing as a form of art, and the last one to mapping as a methodological tool to visualise, assess and present relationships between heritage, tattooing practice and its connection to the social fabric in London at the turn of the penultimate century.