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Processes of microbial carbon transformation and accumulation during initial stream succession were investigated. Studies were carried out in the experimental watershed Chicken Creek, constructed to investigate ecosystem succession, and additionally in experimental flumes simulating sand-bed streams. In a one year investigation, microbial respiration in soils and sediments along the hydrologic flow path of three stream corridors in the Chicken Creek watershed was measured. Contrary to expectation, respiration rates of rewetted soil and sediment from dry stream channels were similar to rates measured with sediments collected in the perennial channel sections. This suggested that permanent water availability was not a main factor determining metabolic potential in this early successional watershed. In an outdoor flume experiment it was determined whether shallow (1cm) and deep (4cm) sediment disturbances in small sand-bed streams have similar effects on whole-stream metabolism, and whether autotrophic and heterotrophic processes and organisms respond in similar ways. Results suggested that disturbing sediments during early successional stages had no effect on whole-stream metabolism, whereas in advanced stages, deep but not shallow sediment disturbance could lead to a transitory shift towards heterotrophy. Changes in riparian and in-stream vegetation during stream succession come along with different amounts and types of organic matter input in stream ecosystems. It was tested to determine if increasing quality and quantity of litter input changes whole-stream metabolism and activity and structure of microbial communities associated with sediments and leaves. Whole-stream metabolism was found to be similar in all treatments because sediments and leaves were constrained by oxygen and nutrient availability. There seemed to be compensation between the effect of algae fueling microbial activity in open-land treatments and microbial use of allochthonous carbon sources in the litter treatments. Fungal and bacterial activity associated with leaves was unaffected by the background litter standing stock, but the structure of communities was affected. However, leaf quality had a clear effect on microbial activity and community structure with higher activity on tree compared to grass leaves.