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The significance in the production of bio-based products is enhanced with the abundance and renewability of biogenous raw and residue materials in comparison to the depleting fossil fuels especially in producing environment friendly products and their applications in energy (CO2-neutral) as well as material applications. This work concentrates mainly on the production of bio-based products through innovative processing and refinement of biogenous residues originating from agricultural (cereal straws), industrial (lignin from black liquors) and biotechnological (biogas residues) processes. The innovative processing and refinement of the processes and their end-products solve the challenges which were not possible within the conventional processes. The innovative processes improve the cascading as well as sustainable utilization possibilities with a simultaneous value addition of the residues. Converting biogenous residues into a valuable end-product requires various preprocessing of the raw materials and are material specific (physical and chemical compositions). Agglomeration of theses residues is chosen as one of the main innovative processes making the handling of the products easier. Agglomeration in this work is carried out using press / densification processes in case of cereal straws, build-up processes in case of black liquors and encapsulation processes in case of biotechnological residues.