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Im Rahmen des von der Deutschen Bundesstiftung Umwelt (DBU) geförderten Projektes „Erfassung und Bewertung von vorindustriellen Meilerstandorten in Brandenburg – Ein Beitrag zur Bewahrung, Sicherung und nachhaltigen Nutzung einer historischen Kulturlandschaft” (Az 34082/01) wurde ein Lehrpfad im Tauerschen Forst angelegt. Der Köhlerpfad Waldschule Kleinsee übernimmt eine wichtige Funktion bei der Vermittlung von archäologischen und umweltwissenschaftlichen Themen für Bildungseinrichtungen und für die interessierte Öffentlichkeit. Der Begleitband zum Köhlerpfad ergänzt die an vier Stationen des Lehrpfads vermittelten Themen zur „Historischen Köhlerei im Tauerschen Forst“, „Aufbau und Betrieb eines Holzkohlemeilers“, „Relikte der historischen Köhlerei“ und „Historische Köhlerei als Forschungsthema“. Darüber hinaus bietet der Begleitband umfassendes Hintergrundwissen zur historischen Köhlerei im Allgemeinen und zur Köhlerei im Tauerschen Forst im Speziellen.
Unter dem Motto „Landschaftswandel – Landscape Change“ haben der LSGL, das FZLB, das BLDAM, und die VEM im Juni 2009 ein gemeinsames Symposium an der BTU Cottbus organisiert und ausgerichtet. Um dem wachsenden wissenschaftlichen, politischen und gesellschaftlichen Interesse an dieser Thematik Rechnung zu tragen, sind in diesem Band ausgewählte Beiträge von Referenten des Symposiums veröffentlicht. Die Beiträge zeigen die Breite der am Thema „Landschaftswandel – Landscape Change“ beteiligten Disziplinen, Akteure und Regionen: vom Bergbaubetreiber über die Botanik zur Archäologie und der physischen Geographie, von der Lausitz über Bayern bis nach Griechenland.
Interpretation and presentation of Nabataeans innovative technologies: case study Petra/Jordan
(2011)
The Nabataeans were people of innovation and technology. Many clear evidences were left behind them that prove this fact. Unfortunately for a site like Petra, visited by crowds of visitors and tourists every day, many major elements need to be strengthened in terms of interpretation and presentation techniques in order to reflect the unique and genuine aspects of the place. The major elements that need to be changed include: un-authorized tour guides, insufficient interpretation site information in terms of quality and display. In spite of Jordan‘s numerous archaeological sites (especially Petra) within the international standards, legislations and conventions that discuss intensively interpretation and presentation guidelines for archaeological site in a country like Jordan, it is not easy to implement these standards in Petra at present for several reasons which include: presence of different stakeholders, lack of funding, local community. Moreover, many interpretation and development plans were previously made for Petra, which makes it harder to determine the starting point. Within the work I did, I proposed two ideas for developing interpretation technique in Petra. First was using the theme technique, which creates a story from the site or from innovations done by the inhabitants, and to be presented to visitors in a modern approach. The purpose of this story is to link the visitor to the site emotionally, by providing them with the sense and feel of the site‘s real events by that time together with a good amount of information that gives the visitor the chance to live and feel an unforgettable experience of the place. The second idea was how to tailor a useful interpretation plan that could be implemented on all other archaeological sites in Jordan right after "evaluating the results of its implementation in Petra". The aim of this thesis is to develop interpretation criteria for "local governments and nongovernmental organizations", as well as an interpretation plan in a Jordanian context and apply them on all other archaeological sites in Jordan. Tourists would benefit from the quality of interpretation services offered by the interpreters and the techniques of presentation available on the site, in addition to tour guides who have received training programs derivate from this study, which would guarantee in return a more sustainable tourism movement to the site of Petra in the future.
Desertification is seen as a severe threat to Mediterranean ecosystems and the desert fringes. Both land use and climate variations may lead to an advance of the desert, and human and natural factors can be connected in feedback relationships. This makes it difficult to describe cause-and-effect relationships, and to predict the impact of global warming. A key is understanding historic desertification, since the investigation of the past allows to better separate the roles of man and weather. These questions were investigated in the Decapolis region in northern Jordan, an area in the transition zone between the Arabian desert and the Mediterranean climate belt. It had been assumed that historic desertification in the Decapolis was connected with severe degradation of soils, and caused by agricultural mismanagement and deforestation. This idea served as explanation for economic decay and abandonment of cities, too. However, the greatest part of the erosion took place during the last Ice Age and the Younger Dryas. There is no indication that the inanimate landscape changed significantly since the Bronze Age. Historic field systems were partially preserved and seem reflected by distinct soil development, indicating that the impact of land use was more complex and less devastating than previously assumed. Historic human impacts on the natural environment seem limited, and certainly not connected with desertification. Romantic northern European misconceptions of how a "natural" landscape should look like may in this context have contributed to a negative assessment of traditional agriculture in the Mediterranean. Comparative analyses of soils and colluvia, air photos, historic travel reports, tree rings and climate reconstructions indicate that population growth was behind the flourishing of the Decapolis, which took place mostly under favourably stable climatic conditions. Periods of decline seem triggered by climatic anomalies. As it seems, climate change was previously understood too linearly: extreme rainfall events can be more devastating than drought, and temperature, wind and rainfall distribution over the year are important as well. Cool and dry periods at the end of the last Ice Age were connected with incision and sometimes dramatic erosion. Climatic fluctuations during history may have been connected with pests, famines, plagues, and wars which caused dramatic drops of population levels. The ecological sensitivity of the desert belt may have aggravated the impact of climate variations. Economic recovery took place only when population levels rose again. It is so far unknown how climate will develop under global warming, but an increasing number of anomalous events could have dramatic impacts. The key for dealing with global warming seems therefore adaptation to climatic irregularities.