TY - JOUR A1 - Witte, Eric T1 - Keine „Entaktualisierung“ der Patienteneinwilligung T1 - No automatic “invalidation” of patient consent due to timeout N2 - Die nachfolgende Darstellung betont die Bedeutung der Einwilligung, stellt deren sog. „Entaktualisierung“ die gegenwärtige Struktur des Einwilligungsrechts gegenüber und kritisiert einschlägige Rechtsprechung für ihre Ankündigung, sich dieser Idee anschließen zu wollen. Sie beschreibt zwar mit der „Aktualisierung“ ein Gegenmodell, kommt aber zu dem Schluss, dass solche Eingriffe in das Einwilligungssystem keine Vorteile mit sich bringen und schließt mit Empfehlungen an die Praxis. N2 - The article emphasizes the meaning of patient consent to medical treatment and contrasts the so-called “invalidation” of given consent with the structure of consent law. It criticizes relevant case law for announcing its intention to follow this idea and describes a counter-model in the form of “updating” and concludes that such interventions are not likely to bring any advantages. The article concludes with recommendations for practitioners. KW - Arzthaftung KW - Patienteneinwilligung KW - Consent KW - Richterrecht KW - Deutschland KW - Arzthaftung KW - Einwilligung KW - Patient KW - Richterrecht Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.26127/BTUOpen-6935 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Helmer, Michelle A1 - Helmer, Desiree A1 - Yohannes, Elizabeth A1 - Newton, Jason A1 - Dietrich, Daniel R. A1 - Martin-Creuzburg, Dominik T1 - Dissolved nitrogen uptake versus nitrogen fixation : mode of nitrogen acquisition affects stable isotope signatures of a diazotrophic cyanobacterium and its grazer JF - PLOS ONE N2 - Field studies suggest that changes in the stable isotope ratios of phytoplankton communities can be used to track changes in the utilization of different nitrogen sources, i.e., to detect shifts from dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) uptake to atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) fixation by diazotrophic cyanobacteria as an indication of nitrogen limitation. We explored changes in the stable isotope signature of the diazotrophic cyanobacterium Trichormus variabilis in response to increasing nitrate (NO₃⁻) concentrations (0 to 170 mg L⁻¹) under controlled laboratory conditions. In addition, we explored the influence of nitrogen utilization at the primary producer level on trophic fractionation by studying potential changes in isotope ratios in the freshwater model Daphnia magna feeding on the differently grown cyanobacteria. We show that δ ¹⁵N values of the cyanobacterium increase asymptotically with DIN availability, from -0.7 ‰ in the absence of DIN (suggesting N₂ fixation) to 2.9 ‰ at the highest DIN concentration (exclusive DIN uptake). In contrast, δ ¹³C values of the cyanobacterium did not show a clear relationship with DIN availability. The stable isotope ratios of the consumer reflected those of the differently grown cyanobacteria but also revealed significant trophic fractionation in response to nitrogen utilization at the primary producer level. Nitrogen isotope turnoverrates of Daphnia were highest in the absence of DIN as a consequence of N₂ fixation and resulting depletion in ¹⁵N at the primary producer level. Our results highlight the potential of stable isotopes to assess nitrogen limitation and to explore diazotrophy in aquatic food webs. KW - Isotope ratios KW - Nitrogen KW - Cyanobacterium KW - Phytoplankton KW - Cyanobakterien KW - Isotopenhäufigkeit KW - Stickstoffbedarf Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0306173 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 19 IS - 8 PB - PLOS CY - San Francisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ojo, Sola A1 - Asamoah, Solomon A1 - Albrecht, Eike A1 - Ibrahim, Bachar T1 - Integrating Sustainable Development and Disaster Mitigation into Climate Policies to Support Water Security in Africa JF - Earth N2 - Africa’s water security is inextricable from the recent patterns of climate variability. Effective formulation and implementation of climate policies require efficient integration of disaster mitigation and sustainable development to eliminate maladaptation and enhance water security. However, practical implementation is still lacking in many African countries. This study aims to examine practical measures and strategies for the integration of sustainable development and disaster mitigation into climate policies to enhance water security in Africa. A systematic bibliometric and thematic analysis was conducted using 95 peer-reviewed articles within the period 2010 to 2025 from the Scopus database. Software and frameworks such as VOSviewer and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) were employed to analyze publication trends, co-authorship networks, keyword co-occurrence, and themes. The study revealed current research themes such as nature-based solutions for water security, climate-resilient infrastructure and technologies, and practical measures, such as eco-based adaptation and water energy food nexus, as some components of climate policy integration that can enhance water security in Africa. The study offers key policy recommendations for policymakers in the implementation of integrated climate policies adequate and effective enough to deal with water security issues in Africa. KW - Water security KW - Sustainable development KW - Disaster prevention KW - Climate policy KW - Africa Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/earth6020057 SN - 2673-4834 VL - 6 IS - 2 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Segabinazzi Ferreira, Raphael A1 - George, Nevin A1 - Chen, Junchao A1 - Hübner, Michael A1 - Krstic, Milos A1 - Nolte, Jörg A1 - Vierhaus, Heinrich Theodor T1 - Configurable Fault Tolerant Circuits and System Level Integration for Self-Awareness N2 - Scaling minimum features of ICs down to the 10nm- area and below has allowed high integration rates in electronics. Scaling at supply voltages of 1V and below also implies a rising level of stress which drives aging effects that reduce switching speed and the expected life time. Additionally, vulnerability from particle radiation is increased. Hence, fault detection and on-line correction become a must for many applications. However, not only fault tolerance but self-awareness becomes also an advantage. Provided that by being aware of its own healthy state allow optimized configurations regarding system operation modes and configurable hardware mechanism. This paper shows a preliminary work in a configurable circuit and explores its configuration possibilities when integrated into a complete system. KW - Self-awareness KW - Configurable circuits KW - Fault tolerant KW - Operation modes KW - Integrierte Schaltung KW - Konfiguration KW - Fehlertoleranz Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-50503 SN - 978-3-902457-54-7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Assafo, Maryam A1 - Langendörfer, Peter T1 - Tool remaining useful life prediction using feature extraction and machine learning-based sensor fusion JF - Results in Engineering N2 - Tool remaining useful life prediction (RUL) is a critical task for predictive maintenance in manufacturing. Common limitations of existing data-driven solutions include: 1) Dependence on tool wear labels which are intricate to obtain on shop floors. 2) High resource requirements, affecting applicability on resource-constrained Internet-of-things devices. 3) Heavy feature engineering. To address these limitations, we present a methodology aiming at accurately predicting RUL without using wear labels, while ensuring implementation efficiency and minimal feature engineering. It involves extracting time-domain features and multiscale features using maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT) from three cutting-force sensor signals. Without undergoing any feature selection or dimensionality reduction, the features are fed to machine learning (ML) regression models where they are fused into an RUL decision. For this purpose, one-to-one and sequence-to-sequence regression using random forest (RF) and different long short-term memory (LSTM) networks were used, respectively. The 2010 PHM Data Challenge milling dataset was used for validation. The results highlighted the significant role of sensor fusion in reducing prediction errors and increasing the performance consistency over three test cutters, compared to single sensors. Global interpretations were provided using RF-based feature importance analysis. Our methodology was compared with six existing state-of-the-art works, including different end-to-end deep learning (DL) models using raw data as input, and works coupling heavy feature engineering with DL. The results showed that our methodology consistently outperformed all the comparative methods over the test cutters, despite using fewer sensors, which further proves its competitiveness and suitability in resource- and sensor-constrained environments. KW - Cutting tool KW - Data-driven models KW - Feature extraction KW - Machine learning KW - Predictive maintenance Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107297 SN - 2590-1230 VL - 28 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eltaher, Mahmoud A1 - Breuß, Michael T1 - Deep learning for unsupervised 3D shape representation with superquadrics JF - AI N2 - The representation of 3D shapes from point clouds remains a fundamental challenge in computer vision. A common approach decomposes 3D objects into interpretable geometric primitives, enabling compact, structured, and efficient representations. Building upon prior frameworks, this study introduces an enhanced unsupervised deep learning approach for 3D shape representation using superquadrics. The proposed framework fits a set of superquadric primitives to 3D objects through a fully integrated, differentiable pipeline that enables efficient optimization and parameter learning, directly extracting geometric structure from 3D point clouds without requiring ground-truth segmentation labels. This work introduces three key advancements that substantially improve representation quality, interpretability, and evaluation rigor: (1) A uniform sampling strategy that enhances training stability compared with random sampling used in earlier models; (2) An overlapping loss that penalizes intersections between primitives, reducing redundancy and improving reconstruction coherence; and (3) A novel evaluation framework comprising Primitive Accuracy, Structural Accuracy, and Overlapping Percentage metrics. This new metric design transitions from point-based to structure-aware assessment, enabling fairer and more interpretable comparison across primitive-based models. Comprehensive evaluations on benchmark 3D shape datasets demonstrate that the proposed modifications yield coherent, compact, and semantically consistent shape representations, establishing a robust foundation for interpretable and quantitative evaluation in primitive-based 3D reconstruction. KW - 3D shape representation KW - Superquadrics KW - Deep learning KW - Unsupervised learning KW - Point clouds KW - Geometric modeling Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ai6120317 SN - 2673-2688 VL - 6 IS - 12 PB - MDPI CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ghermann, Diana E. A1 - Zander, Thorsten O. T1 - Towards neuroadaptive chatbots : a feasibility study JF - Front. Neuroergonomics N2 - Large-language models (LLMs) are transforming most industries today and are set to become a cornerstone of the human digital experience. While integrating explicit human feedback into the training and development of LLM-based chatbots has been integral to the progress we see nowadays, more work is needed to understand how to best align them with human values. Implicit human feedback enabled by passive brain-computer interfaces (pBCIs) could potentially help unlock the hidden nuance of users' cognitive and affective states during interaction with chatbots. This study proposes an investigation on the feasibility of using pBCIs to decode mental states in reaction to text stimuli, to lay the groundwork for neuroadaptive chatbots. Two paradigms were created to elicit moral judgment and error-processing with text stimuli. Electroencephalography (EEG) data was recorded with 64 gel electrodes while participants completed reading tasks. Mental state classifiers were obtained in an offline manner with a windowed-means approach and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) for full-component and brain-component data. The corresponding event-related potentials (ERPs) were visually inspected. Moral salience was successfully decoded at a single-trial level, with an average calibration accuracy of 78% on the basis of a data window of 600 ms. Subsequent classifiers were not able to distinguish moral judgment congruence (i.e., moral agreement) and incongruence (i.e., moral disagreement). Error processing in reaction to factual inaccuracy was decoded with an average calibration accuracy of 66%. The identified ERPs for the investigated mental states partly aligned with other findings. With this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of using pBCIs to distinguish mental states from readers' brain data at a single-trial level. More work is needed to transition from offline to online investigations and to understand if reliable pBCI classifiers can also be obtained in less controlled language tasks and more realistic chatbot interactions. Our work marks preliminary steps for understanding and making use of neural-based implicit human feedback for LLM alignment. KW - Passive brain-computer interfaces (pBCI) KW - Large-language models (LLM) KW - Error-processing KW - Moral judgment KW - AI alignment Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnrgo.2025.1589734 SN - 2673-6195 VL - 6 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Segabinazzi Ferreira, Raphael A1 - Nolte, Jörg A1 - Vargas, Fabian A1 - George, Nevin A1 - Hübner, Michael T1 - Run-time hardware reconfiguration of functional units to support mixed-critical applications N2 - System reconfiguration of hardware resources has been done in multiple system domains. Such systems are usually found in the context of FPGAs, where reconfiguration is done usually over its primitives (e.g., LUTs, Flip-Flops). Or even in the context of MPSoC designs, where core management (e.g., lock-step operation in multi-core designs) is the most used approach. However, recent works have shown that configuration at Functional Units (FUs) granularity might come with benefits. For example, it can increase the configuration space due to its finer granularity, and, as a consequence, the options to deal with problems (e.g., due to aging) in the units itself. Within this context, this paper presents a system capable to configure its FUs (e.g., ALUs, multipliers, dividers) into different operation modes. The system uses an Operating System to control HW reconfiguration during process switching time and takes into account the health state of its units in a mixed-criticality applications scenario. Results show that, within this scenario, the system is able to reconfigure itself accomplishing health state modifications of its HW elements. KW - Reconfiguration KW - Functional units KW - Fine-grained KW - Mixed-criticality KW - Run-time KW - Rekonfiguration KW - Laufzeit KW - Funktionseinheit KW - Fehlererkennung Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-51804 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Javed, Abdul Rehman A1 - Scheytt, J. Christoph A1 - Bamidi, Eswara Rao A1 - Kallfass, Ingmar A1 - Krishnegowda, Karthik A1 - Kraemer, Rolf T1 - Real100G.COM T1 - Real100G.COM T2 - Wireless 100 Gbps and beyond : architectures, approaches and findings of German Research Foundation (DFG) Priority Programme SPP1655 N2 - In 2012 a group of researchers proposed a basic research initiative to the German Research Foundation (DFG) as a special priority project (SPP) with the name: Wireless 100 Gbps and beyond. The main goal of this initiative was the investigation of architectures, technologies and methods to go well beyond the state of the art. The target of 100 Gbps was set far away from the (at that time) achievable 1 Gbps such that it was not possible to achieve promising results just by tuning some parameters. We wanted to find breakthrough solutions. When we started the work on the proposal we discussed the challenges to be addressed in order to advancing the wireless communication speed significantly. Having the fundamental Shannon boundary in mind we discussed how to achieve the 100 Gbps speed. N2 - Angesichts der rapiden Entwicklung der Funkkommunikation hat die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft im Jahr 2012 ein Schwerpunktprogramm mit dem Titel "Wireless 100 Gbps and beyound" (dt.: Drahtloskommunikation mit 100 Gbps und mehr) gestartet. Diese Initiative zielte auf neue Lösungen, Methoden und neues Wissen zur Lösung des Problems des kontinuierlichen Bedarfs an immer höheren Datenraten im Bereich der Funkkommunikation. Eine international besetze Jury hat etliche Projektvorschläge evaluiert, aus denen 11 Projekte ausgewählt und über zweimal 3 Jahre von Mitte 2013 bis Mitte 2019 gefördert wurden. Das vorliegende Buch versammelt die Ansätze, Architekturen und Erkenntnisse der Projekte. Es überspannt einen breiten Themenbereich, angefangen mit speziellen Fragen der physikalischen Übertragung, des Antennendesigns und der HF-Eingangs-Architekturen für unterschiedliche Frequenzbereiche bis 240 GHz. Darüber hinaus beschreibt das Buch Ansätze für Ultra-Hochgeschwindigkeits-Funksysteme, deren Basisbandverarbeitung, Kodierung sowie mögliche Umsetzungen. Nicht zuletzt wurden auch Fragen des Protokolldesigns behandelt, um eine enge Integration in moderne Computersysteme zu erleichtern. KW - 100 Gbps KW - Wireless KW - Drahtlos KW - Real100G.COM KW - PSSS KW - Drahtloses Sensorsystem KW - Hochfrequenztechnik KW - Antenne KW - Terahertzbereich KW - Energieffizienz Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.26127/BTUOpen-5914 SP - 231 EP - 293 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Song, Xiaohang A1 - Rave, Wolfgang A1 - Fettweis, Gerhard A1 - Hälsig, Tim A1 - Lankl, Berthold A1 - Cvetkovski, Darko A1 - Grass, Eckhard T1 - MaximumMIMO : millimeter wave line-of-sight spatial multiplexing T1 - MaximumMIMO : Millimeter-Wellen mit direktem (LOS) Raum-Multiplexing T2 - Wireless 100 Gbps and beyond : architectures, approaches and findings of German Research Foundation (DFG) Priority Programme SPP1655 N2 - In 2012 a group of researchers proposed a basic research initiative to the German Research Foundation (DFG) as a special priority project (SPP) with the name: Wireless 100 Gbps and beyond. The main goal of this initiative was the investigation of architectures, technologies and methods to go well beyond the state of the art. The target of 100 Gbps was set far away from the (at that time) achievable 1 Gbps such that it was not possible to achieve promising results just by tuning some parameters. We wanted to find breakthrough solutions. When we started the work on the proposal we discussed the challenges to be addressed in order to advancing the wireless communication speed significantly. Having the fundamental Shannon boundary in mind we discussed how to achieve the 100 Gbps speed. N2 - Angesichts der rapiden Entwicklung der Funkkommunikation hat die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft im Jahr 2012 ein Schwerpunktprogramm mit dem Titel "Wireless 100 Gbps and beyound" (dt.: Drahtloskommunikation mit 100 Gbps und mehr) gestartet. Diese Initiative zielte auf neue Lösungen, Methoden und neues Wissen zur Lösung des Problems des kontinuierlichen Bedarfs an immer höheren Datenraten im Bereich der Funkkommunikation. Eine international besetze Jury hat etliche Projektvorschläge evaluiert, aus denen 11 Projekte ausgewählt und über zweimal 3 Jahre von Mitte 2013 bis Mitte 2019 gefördert wurden. Das vorliegende Buch versammelt die Ansätze, Architekturen und Erkenntnisse der Projekte. Es überspannt einen breiten Themenbereich, angefangen mit speziellen Fragen der physikalischen Übertragung, des Antennendesigns und der HF-Eingangs-Architekturen für unterschiedliche Frequenzbereiche bis 240 GHz. Darüber hinaus beschreibt das Buch Ansätze für Ultra-Hochgeschwindigkeits-Funksysteme, deren Basisbandverarbeitung, Kodierung sowie mögliche Umsetzungen. Nicht zuletzt wurden auch Fragen des Protokolldesigns behandelt, um eine enge Integration in moderne Computersysteme zu erleichtern. KW - Wireless KW - 100 Gbps KW - Drahtlos KW - Millimeter wave KW - Line-of-sight spatial multiplexing KW - MaximumMIMO KW - Millimeter-Welle KW - LOS-Raum-Multiplexing KW - Drahtloses Sensorsystem KW - Hochfrequenztechnik KW - Antenne KW - Terahertzbereich KW - Energieffizienz Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.26127/BTUOpen-5911 SP - 139 EP - 166 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Carlowitz, Christian A1 - Vossiek, Martin A1 - Girg, T. A1 - Dietz, M. A1 - Schrotz, A.-M. A1 - Maiwald, T. A1 - Hagelauer, A. A1 - Weigel, R. A1 - Ghaleb, Hatem A1 - Carta, Corrado A1 - Ellinger, Frank A1 - Du, Xuan-Quang A1 - Grözing, Markus A1 - Berroth, Manfred T1 - SPARS : simultaneous phase and amplitude regenerative sampling T1 - SPARS : simultanes Phasen- und Amplituden-regenerativ-Sampling T2 - Wireless 100 Gbps and beyond : architectures, approaches and findings of German Research Foundation (DFG) Priority Programme SPP1655 N2 - In 2012 a group of researchers proposed a basic research initiative to the German Research Foundation (DFG) as a special priority project (SPP) with the name: Wireless 100 Gbps and beyond. The main goal of this initiative was the investigation of architectures, technologies and methods to go well beyond the state of the art. The target of 100 Gbps was set far away from the (at that time) achievable 1 Gbps such that it was not possible to achieve promising results just by tuning some parameters. We wanted to find breakthrough solutions. When we started the work on the proposal we discussed the challenges to be addressed in order to advancing the wireless communication speed significantly. Having the fundamental Shannon boundary in mind we discussed how to achieve the 100 Gbps speed. N2 - Angesichts der rapiden Entwicklung der Funkkommunikation hat die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft im Jahr 2012 ein Schwerpunktprogramm mit dem Titel "Wireless 100 Gbps and beyound" (dt.: Drahtloskommunikation mit 100 Gbps und mehr) gestartet. Diese Initiative zielte auf neue Lösungen, Methoden und neues Wissen zur Lösung des Problems des kontinuierlichen Bedarfs an immer höheren Datenraten im Bereich der Funkkommunikation. Eine international besetze Jury hat etliche Projektvorschläge evaluiert, aus denen 11 Projekte ausgewählt und über zweimal 3 Jahre von Mitte 2013 bis Mitte 2019 gefördert wurden. Das vorliegende Buch versammelt die Ansätze, Architekturen und Erkenntnisse der Projekte. Es überspannt einen breiten Themenbereich, angefangen mit speziellen Fragen der physikalischen Übertragung, des Antennendesigns und der HF-Eingangs-Architekturen für unterschiedliche Frequenzbereiche bis 240 GHz. Darüber hinaus beschreibt das Buch Ansätze für Ultra-Hochgeschwindigkeits-Funksysteme, deren Basisbandverarbeitung, Kodierung sowie mögliche Umsetzungen. Nicht zuletzt wurden auch Fragen des Protokolldesigns behandelt, um eine enge Integration in moderne Computersysteme zu erleichtern. KW - 100 Gbps KW - Wireless KW - Drahtlos KW - Simultaneous phase sampling KW - Amplitude regenerative sampling KW - Amplituden-regenerativ-Sampling KW - Simultanes Phasen-Sampling KW - Drahtloses Sensorsystem KW - Hochfrequenztechnik KW - Antenne KW - Terahertzbereich KW - Energieffizienz Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.26127/BTUOpen-5908 SP - 37 EP - 74 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bahns, Carolin A1 - Kopkow, Christian T1 - Physiotherapy for patients with hip and knee osteoarthritis in Germany: a survey of current practice T1 - Physiotherapie für Patienten mit Hüft- und Kniearthrose in Deutschland: ein Survey über die derzeitige Versorgung JF - BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders N2 - Osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip and the knee is common and leads to pain, stiffness and disability. Clinical practice guidelines (CPG) provide recommendations to assist healthcare professionals in clinical decision-making. Although evidence-based physiotherapy has been shown to be effective in the management OA, a gap between clinical practice and guideline recommendations exists. Little is known about OA management provided by physiotherapists in Germany and whether treatment aligns with CPGs. The objectives of this study were (1) to investigate the current physiotherapy practice in patients with hip and/or knee OA in Germany, (2) to evaluate physiotherapists’ adherence to guideline recommendations and (3) to explore barriers and facilitators to guideline use. N2 - Arthrose (OA) der Hüfte und des Knies ist weit verbreitet und führt zu Schmerzen, Steifheit und Behinderung. Leitlinien für die klinische Praxis (CPG) enthalten Empfehlungen, die Fachkräfte im Gesundheitswesen bei der klinischen Entscheidungsfindung unterstützen. Obwohl sich die evidenzbasierte Physiotherapie bei der Behandlung von OA als wirksam erwiesen hat, besteht eine Lücke zwischen der klinischen Praxis und den Empfehlungen der Leitlinien. Über die von Physiotherapeuten in Deutschland durchgeführte OA-Behandlung und die Übereinstimmung der Behandlung mit den Leitlinien ist wenig bekannt. Ziel dieser Studie war es, (1) die aktuelle physiotherapeutische Praxis bei Patienten mit Hüft- und/oder Knie-OA in Deutschland zu untersuchen, (2) die Einhaltung von Leitlinienempfehlungen durch Physiotherapeuten zu bewerten und (3) Barrieren und Erleichterungen bei der Anwendung von Leitlinien zu untersuchen. KW - Osteoarthrosis KW - Knee KW - Hip KW - Physical therapy KW - Arthrose KW - Hüftgelenk KW - Knie KW - Osteoarthrose KW - Physikalische Therapie KW - Arthrose KW - Knie KW - Hüfte KW - Physiotherapie Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-023-06464-0 SN - 1471-2474 VL - 24 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Segabinazzi Ferreira, Raphael A1 - Nolte, Jörg T1 - Low latency reconfiguration mechanism for fine-grained processor internal functional units N2 - The strive for performance, low power consumption, and less chip area have been diminishing the reliability and the time to fault occurrences due to wear out of electronic devices. Recent research has shown that functional units within processors usually execute a different amount of operations when running programs. Therefore, these units present different individual wear out during their lifetime. Most existent schemes for re-configuration of processors due to fault detection and other processor parameters are done at the level of cores which is a costly way to achieve redundancy. This paper presents a low latency (approximately 1 clock cycle) software controlled mechanism to reconfigure units within processor cores according to predefined parameters. Such reconfiguration capability delivers features like wear out balance of processor functional units, configuration of units according to the criticality of tasks running on an operating system and configurations to gain in performance (e.g. parallel execution) when possible. The focus of this paper is to show the implemented low latency reconfiguration mechanism and highlight its possible main features. KW - Functional units low latency KW - Fine-grained KW - Reconfiguration KW - Software KW - Rekonfiguration KW - Mikroprozessor KW - Latenzzeit Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-50497 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rotta, Randolf A1 - Segabinazzi Ferreira, Raphael A1 - Nolte, Jörg T1 - Real-time dynamic hardware reconfiguration for processors with redundant functional units T2 - Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC) N2 - The tiny logic elements in modern integrated circuits increase the rate of transient failures significantly. Therefore, redundancy on various levels is necessary to retain reliability. However, for mixed-criticality scenarios, the typical processor designs offer either too little fault-tolerance or too much redundancy for one part of the applications. Amongst others, we specifically address redundant processor internal functional units (FU) to cope with transient errors and support wear leveling. A real-time operating system (RTOS) was extended to control our prototypical hardware platform and, since it can be configured deterministically within few clock cycles, we are able to reconfigure the FUs dynamically, at process switching time, according to the specified critically of the running processes. Our mechanisms were integrated into the Plasma processor and the Plasma-RTOS. With few changes to the original software code, it was, for example, possible to quickly change from fault-detecting to fault-correcting modes of the processor on demand. KW - Reconfiguration KW - Run-Time KW - Modular redundancy KW - Mixed-criticality KW - Rekonfiguration KW - Laufzeit KW - Funktionseinheit KW - Redundanz Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-52031 SN - 978-1-7281-6958-3 SN - 2375-5261 PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. (IEEE) CY - Nashville, TN, USA ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klug, Marius A1 - Berg, Timo A1 - Gramann, Klaus T1 - Optimizing EEG ICA decomposition with data cleaning in stationary and mobile experiments JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Electroencephalography (EEG) studies increasingly utilize more mobile experimental protocols, leading to more and stronger artifacts in the recorded data. Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is commonly used to remove these artifacts. It is standard practice to remove artifactual samples before ICA to improve the decomposition, for example using automatic tools such as the sample rejection option of the AMICA algorithm. However, the effects of movement intensity and the strength of automatic sample rejection on ICA decomposition have not been systematically evaluated. We conducted AMICA decompositions on eight open-access datasets with varying degrees of motion intensity using varying sample rejection criteria. We evaluated decomposition quality using mutual information of the components, the proportion of brain, muscle, and 'other' components, residual variance, and an exemplary signal-to-noise ratio. Within individual studies, increased movement significantly decreased decomposition quality, though this effect was not found across different studies. Cleaning strength significantly improved the decomposition, but the effect was smaller than expected. Our results suggest that the AMICA algorithm is robust even with limited data cleaning. Moderate cleaning, such as 5 to 10 iterations of the AMICA sample rejection, is likely to improve the decomposition of most datasets, regardless of motion intensity. KW - Electroencephalography KW - Independent component analysis KW - Signal-to-Noise Ratio KW - Elektroencephalographie KW - Signal-Rausch Abstand KW - Unabhängige Komponentenanalyse Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-64919-3 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 14 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kraemer, Rolf ED - Kraemer, Rolf ED - Scholz, Stefan T1 - Wireless 100 Gbps and beyond : architectures, approaches and findings of German Research Foundation (DFG) Priority Programme SPP1655 : preface, contents, list of tables, list of figures, bibliography T1 - Vorwort, Inhaltsverzeichnis, Tabellenverzeichnis, Abbildungsverzeichnis, Literaturverzeichnis T2 - Wireless 100 Gbps and beyond : architectures, approaches and findings of German Research Foundation (DFG) Priority Programme SPP1655 N2 - In 2012 a group of researchers proposed a basic research initiative to the German Research Foundation (DFG) as a special priority project (SPP) with the name: Wireless 100 Gbps and beyond. The main goal of this initiative was the investigation of architectures, technologies and methods to go well beyond the state of the art. The target of 100 Gbps was set far away from the (at that time) achievable 1 Gbps such that it was not possible to achieve promising results just by tuning some parameters. We wanted to find breakthrough solutions. When we started the work on the proposal we discussed the challenges to be addressed in order to advancing the wireless communication speed significantly. Having the fundamental Shannon boundary in mind we discussed how to achieve the 100 Gbps speed. N2 - Angesichts der rapiden Entwicklung der Funkkommunikation hat die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft im Jahr 2012 ein Schwerpunktprogramm mit dem Titel "Wireless 100 Gbps and beyound" (dt.: Drahtloskommunikation mit 100 Gbps und mehr) gestartet. Diese Initiative zielte auf neue Lösungen, Methoden und neues Wissen zur Lösung des Problems des kontinuierlichen Bedarfs an immer höheren Datenraten im Bereich der Funkkommunikation. Eine international besetze Jury hat etliche Projektvorschläge evaluiert, aus denen 11 Projekte ausgewählt und über zweimal 3 Jahre von Mitte 2013 bis Mitte 2019 gefördert wurden. Das vorliegende Buch versammelt die Ansätze, Architekturen und Erkenntnisse der Projekte. Es überspannt einen breiten Themenbereich, angefangen mit speziellen Fragen der physikalischen Übertragung, des Antennendesigns und der HF-Eingangs-Architekturen für unterschiedliche Frequenzbereiche bis 240 GHz. Darüber hinaus beschreibt das Buch Ansätze für Ultra-Hochgeschwindigkeits-Funksysteme, deren Basisbandverarbeitung, Kodierung sowie mögliche Umsetzungen. Nicht zuletzt wurden auch Fragen des Protokolldesigns behandelt, um eine enge Integration in moderne Computersysteme zu erleichtern. KW - 100 Gbps KW - Wireless KW - Drahtlos KW - SPP-1655 KW - Drahtloses Sensorsystem KW - Hochfrequenztechnik KW - Antenne KW - Terahertzbereich KW - Energieffizienz Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-57167 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Riedel, Ramona A1 - Meißner, Karsten A1 - Kaschubowski, Arne A1 - Benndorf, Dirk A1 - Martienssen, Marion A1 - Braun, Burga T1 - Laundry isolate Delftia sp. UBM14 capable of biodegrading industrially relevant aminophosphonates JF - Microorganisms N2 - Phosphonates such as ethylenediaminetetra (methylenephosphonic acid) (EDTMP) and aminotris (methylenephosphonic acid) (ATMP) are used every day in water treatment processes or in household products. Their consumption is still increasing, regardless of the debates on their environmental impact. Here, the microbial characterisation and determination of the biodegradation potential of selected industrially relevant phosphonates for the isolate Delftia sp. UMB14 is reported. The opportunistic strain was isolated from a biofilm that was derived from a conventional washing machine using conventional detergents containing phosphonates. In antimicrobial susceptibility testing, the strain was only susceptible to sulfonamide, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol. Physiological and biochemical characteristics were determined using the BIOLOG EcoPlate assay. Most importantly, the strain was shown to convert D-malic acid and D-mannitol, as confirmed for strains of Delftia lacustris, and thus the new isolate could be closely related. Biodegradation tests with different phosphonates showed that the strain preferentially degrades ATMP and EDTMP but does not degrade glyphosate (GS) and amino (methylphosphonic acid) (AMPA). A specific gene amplification confirmed the presence of phnX (phosphonoacetaldehyde hydrolase) and the absence of PhnJ (the gene for the core component of C–P lyase). The presence of PhnCDE is strongly suggested for the strain, as it is common in Delftia lacustris species. KW - Phosphonates KW - Biodegradation KW - PhnX KW - PhnJ KW - PhnCDE KW - Phosphonate KW - Biologischer Abbau KW - Mikrobieller Abbau KW - Waschmittel Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12081664 SN - 2076-2607 VL - 12 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Morales, Carlos A1 - Gertig, Max A1 - Kot, Małgorzata A1 - Alvarado, Carlos A1 - Schubert, Markus Andreas A1 - Zoellner, Marvin Hartwig A1 - Wenger, Christian A1 - Henkel, Karsten A1 - Flege, Jan Ingo T1 - In situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of atomic layer deposited ceria on SiO₂ : substrate influence on the reaction mechanism during the early stages of growth JF - Advanced Materials Interfaces N2 - Thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD) of cerium oxide using commercial Ce(thd)4 precursor and O₃ on SiO₂ substrates is studied employing in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The system presents a complex growth behavior determined by the change in the reaction mechanism when the precursor interacts with the substrate or the cerium oxide surface. During the first growth stage, non-ALD side reactions promoted by the substrate affect the growth per cycle, the amount of carbon residue on the surface, and the oxidation degree of cerium oxide. On the contrary, the second growth stage is characterized by a constant growth per cycle in good agreement with the literature, low carbon residues, and almost fully oxidized cerium oxide films. This distinction between two growth regimes is not unique to the CeOx/SiO₂ system but can be generalized to other metal oxide substrates. Furthermore, the film growth deviates from the ideal layer-by-layer mode, forming micrometric inhomogeneous and defective flakes that eventually coalesce for deposit thicknesses above 10 nm. The ALD-cerium oxide films present less order and a higher density of defects than films grown by physical vapor deposition techniques, likely affecting their reactivity in oxidizing and reducing conditions. KW - ALD KW - Cerium oxide KW - Growth model KW - In-situ KW - XPS Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202400537 SN - 2196-7350 VL - 12 IS - 5 PB - Wiley CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - von Werner, Dina A1 - Glasauer, Stefan T1 - Increased breathlessness in post-COVID syndrome despite normal breathing patterns in a rebreathing challenge JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Severe symptoms in the absence of measurable body pathology are a frequent hallmark of post-COVID syndrome. From a Bayesian Brain perspective, such symptoms can be explained by incorrect internal models that the brain uses to interpret sensory signals. In this pre-registered study, we investigate whether induced breathlessness perception during a controlled CO2rebreathing challenge is reflected by altered respiratory measures (physiology and breathing patterns), and propose different computational mechanisms that could explain our findings in a Bayesian Brain framework. We analysed data from 40 patients with post-COVID syndrome and 40 healthy participants. Results from lung function, neurological and neurocognitive examination of all participants were within normal limits on the day of the experiment. Using a Bayesian repeated-measures ANOVA, we found that patients’ breathlessness was strongly increased (BF10,baseline=8.029, BF10,rebreathing=11636, BF10,recovery=43662) compared to controls. When excluding patients who hyperventilated (N = 8, 20%) during the experiment from the analysis, differences in breathlessness remained (BF10,baseline=1.283, BF10,rebreathing=126.812, BF10,recovery=751.282). For physiology and breathing patterns, all evidence pointed towards no difference between the two groups (0.307 > BF10 < 0.704). In summary, we found intact breathing patterns and physiology but increased symptom perception in patients with post-COVID syndrome. KW - Cognitive neuroscience KW - Fatigue KW - Perception KW - Respiratory signs and symptoms KW - Sensorimotor processing Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11728-x SN - 2045-2322 VL - 15 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Martienssen, Marion A1 - Riedel, Ramona A1 - Kühne, Tom T1 - Contribution of professional cleaning to indoor air and sewage pollution JF - Sustainable Chemistry N2 - In this study, several professional cleaning products were analyzed for their impact on local air and sewage contamination. The products were first analyzed for their content of potentially harmful ingredients, their biodegradability, and the potential for the mobilization of hazardous substances from the floorings that were cleaned. The contribution of the cleaning products to sewage pollution with environmentally hazardous substances was studied at full scale. All commercially available cleaning products studied were declared to be environmentally friendly (labeled with the EU Ecolabel). However, despite being labeled as “green” products, between 16 and 24 volatile harmful ingredients were identified. An optimized experimental product, produced completely from natural raw materials, also contained several harmful substances originating from the herbal raw materials themselves. During the field study, we identified a range of trace substances in the sewage. Eight of these substances (e.g., p-cymene, butanone, eucalyptol) significantly originated from the cleaning products. Several others may have originated from the cleaning products, but other sources were also possible. The flooring materials that were cleaned contained several harmful substances themselves. The release of some substances (e.g., toluene) into the sewage significantly increased during the cleaning process. KW - Professional cleaning agents KW - Trace substances KW - Biodegradability KW - Sewage pollution KW - Environmental impact Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-71378 SN - 2673-4079 VL - 5 IS - 4 SP - 275 EP - 286 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER -