TY - CHAP A1 - Rücker, Jacqueline A1 - Knie, Matthias A1 - Nixdorf, Brigitte A1 - Kolzau, Sebastian A1 - Voss, Maren A1 - Wiedner, Claudia T1 - Nitrogen fixation in two polymictic lakes T2 - Aquatic Sciences Meeting of the Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO) held in Granada, Spain, 22-27 February 2015 N2 - The ability to fix molecular nitrogen is considered to be a competitive advantage of Nostocales to overcome periods of nitrogen shortage but it is unclear to what extend these cyanobacteria import nitrogen into freshwaters and if they are able to compensate the efforts of reducing anthropogenic nitrogen input. We studied nitrogen fixation, cyanobacterial biovolume and species composition and abiotic parameters in two polymictic lakes (Germany) over three years. Although Nostocales were present from April to November N2-fixation was found only from June/July to September. In the summer months, it amounted up to 40 mgN m-²d-¹ or up to 500 mgN m-²d-¹ resulting in rather low annual N-inputs between 0.1 and 8 gN m-²a-¹. We found a high variation in N2-fixation rates between the two lakes and the years, which could neither be explained by total Nostocales biovolume nor heterocyte numbers. N2-fixation rates measured in the field will be analyzed on Nostocales species level, be compared to those of laboratory cultures and be discussed in the context of possible phosphorus or light limitation of Nostocales. KW - Nostocales KW - Nitrogen fixation KW - Cyanobacteria KW - Light KW - Nitrogen input in lakes KW - Cyanobakterien KW - Nostocales KW - Stickstofffixierung KW - Lichtabsorption Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-37082 ER - TY - THES A1 - Ramm, Jessica T1 - Occurrence and life-cycle strategies of bloom-forming Nostocales (cyanobacteria) in deep lakes in Northern Germany and in Lake Kinneret, Israel T1 - Vorkommen und Lebenszyklus-Strategien nostocaler Cyanobakterien in tiefen geschichteten Seen Norddeutschlands und des Sees Genezareth, Israel N2 - Nostocalean cyanobacteria differentiate heterocysts to fix dissolved nitrogen (N2) and dormant cells (akinetes) to survive harsh environmental conditions. The distribution and proliferation of Nostocales and their hibernation strategies in deep stratified lakes of different trophic states and climate zones were investigated. Studies were carried out in the meso-eutrophic Lake Kinneret (Israel) and in the mesotrophic Lake Scharmützelsee and the oligo-mesotrophic Lake Stechlinsee (Germany). The spatio-temporal distribution of akinetes in sediments was analysed. The abundance in the sediment surface increased with water depth and differed due to basin morphometry. Light and temperature distribution revealed shallow areas of sedimentary akinete pool as a potential inoculum to contribute to the formation of a pelagic population. Hence, a small viable akinete pool was deposited in shallow sediments. A CARD-FISH protocol was implemented to identify and quantify the akinetes in sediments. Tested Nostocales strains and akinetes in sediment samples were successfully labelled with 16S rRNA targeted probes and microscopically detected by their fluorescence signal. Akinete enumeration in field samples confirmed the suitability of the CARD-FISH approach. Species- or genus-specific differences in the overwintering strategies of Nostocales were observed. Akinetes were the only overwintering form of Anabaena spp. On the other hand, Aphanizomenon flos-aquae overwintered as vegetative filaments in the pelagial of Lake Stechlinsee. In the other lakes studied, Aphanizomenon spp. performed an intermediate life cycle, with akinetes and a small pelagic population in winter. This suggested that Aphanizomenon spp. had another overwintering strategy contrary to the exclusively dormant strategy of Anabaena spp. Putative strains of cylindrospermopsin (CYN)-producing Aphanizomenon ovalisporum were isolated from Lake Kinneret. Their morphologic and phylogenetic diversity, as well as the presence of CYN-encoding gene cluster and CYN production, were analysed. Four of the six strains were assigned to Anabaena bergii. Although all the isolated strains possess at least fragments of CYN gene cluster, no CYN production was detected. Non-CYN-producing Aphanizomenon ovalisporum strains and the presence of non-toxic Anabaena bergii in Lake Kinneret have not been reported before. This suggested that toxic and non-toxic Nostocales strains can coexist in lakes. N2 - Nostocale Cyanobakterien bilden Heterozysten zur Fixierung molekularen Stickstoffs (N2) aus und entwickeln dormante Stadien (Akineten) zur Überdauerung ungünstiger Umweltbedingungen. In dieser Studie wurden die Verteilung sowie die Verbreitung der Nostocales und ihre Strategien zur Überwinterung in tiefen geschichteten Seen unterschiedlicher Trophie und unterschiedlicher Klimazonen untersucht. Die Untersuchungsgewässer waren der meso-eutrophe See Genezareth (Israel), der mesotrophe Scharmützelsee sowie der oligo-mesotrophe Stechlinsee (Deutschland). Die räumlich-zeitliche Verteilung der Akineten im Seesediment wurde untersucht. Die Abundanz an der Sedimentoberfläche steigt mit zunehmender Wassertiefe und die Artzusammensetzung kann sich aufgrund der Seebeckenmorphometrie unterscheiden obwohl sie im Pelagial sehr ähnlich ist. Die Licht- und Temperaturbedingungen im See ermöglichen nur dem Akineten-Pool der Flachwasserbereiche als Inokulum zur Bildung einer pelagischen Population beizutragen. In den Sedimenten der flachen Bereiche lagert nur ein kleiner Teil des Akineten-Pools. Ein CARD-FISH-Protokoll wurde zur Identifizierung und Quantifizierung von Akineten im Sediment modifiziert. Mit spezifischen 16S rRNA Sonden wurden Nostocales-Stämme und Akineten in Sedimentproben erfolgreich angefärbt und anhand ihres Fluoreszenzsignals mikroskopisch erfasst. Vergleichszählungen mit herkömmlicher Hellfeldmikroskopie bestätigten die Eignung der CARD-FISH-Methodik. Weiterhin wurden Unterschiede in den Überwinterungsstrategien der Nostocales beobachtet. Anabaena spp. überwintern ausschließlich als Akineten, wohingegen Aphanizomenon flos-aquae rein vegetativ im Pelagial des Stechlinsees überdauert. Andere Aphanizomenon spp. vollzogen in den anderen untersuchten Seen einen intermediären Lebenszyklus mit Akinetenbildung und einer geringen pelagischen Population im Winter. Dies deutete darauf hin, dass Aphanizomenon spp. eine andere Überwinterungsstrategie gegenüber der ausschließlich dormanten Strategie von Anabaena spp. verfolgt. Aus dem See Genezareth wurden mutmaßlich Cylindrospermopsin (CYN)-produzierende Stämme von Aphanizomenon ovalisporum isoliert. Neben ihrer CYN-Produktion und dem Vorhandensein des dafür codierenden Genclusters wurden die Stämme morphologisch und phylogenetisch analysiert. Keines der Isolate produzierte CYN obwohl zumindest Fragmente des CYN-Genclusters nachgewiesen wurden. Bei einem Teil der isolierten Stämme handelte es sich um Anabaena bergii. Bislang war weder das Vorkommen der nicht-toxischen Anabaena bergii noch das von nicht CYN produzierenden Aphanizomenon ovalisporum-Stämmen im See Genezareth bekannt. Dies lässt auf eine Koexistenz von toxischen und nicht-toxischen Nostocales Stämmen in Seen schließen. KW - Cyanobacteria KW - Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) KW - Lake sediment KW - Akinetes KW - Cyanobakterien KW - Lebenszyklusstrategien KW - Akineten KW - Seesediment KW - Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) KW - Life-cycle strategies KW - Brandenburg KW - Israel KW - Seesediment KW - Cyanobakterien KW - Klimazone KW - Lebensdauer Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-31729 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ramm, Jessica T1 - Spatial variability and germination potential of cyanobacterial akinetes in sediments of deep dimictic lakes T2 - PLANKTON RESTING STAGES 2015 WORKSHOP: Geological, Ecological and Evolutionary Perspectives, held in Hanko (Tvärminne Zoological Station), Finnland, 5-8 October 2015 N2 - Nostocales form thick-walled, resting cells (akinetes) for overwintering in lake sediments of Central Europe. The pelagic Nostocales population recruits after the germination of akinetes, which mainly takes place in the spring with increasing temperatures and light intensities. The study aimed to i) characterize the sediment surfaces inhabited by viable akinetes that potentially contribute to the formation of a pelagic population, and ii) estimate the inoculum size of the available sedimentary akinete pool. We investigated the horizontal distribution of akinetes in sediments and the seasonal course of light and temperature in two deep dimictic lakes (Lake Stechlinsee, max. depth 69 m and Lake Scharmützelsee, max. depth 29.5 m; NE Germany). The akinete pool was calculated and the potential inoculum was estimated using assumed light and temperature data for akinete germination. The akinete abundance in sediments depended on the basin morphometry and increased with water depth. Only a small proportion of the viable akinete pool in shallow water areas contributed as inoculum to pelagic population. The potential inoculum size in Lake Scharmützelsee was larger than in Lake Stechlinsee. KW - Cyanobacteria KW - Dimitic lakes KW - Akinetes KW - Sediments KW - Cyanobakterien KW - Limnobakteriologie KW - Seesediment Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-41552 ER -