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  <doc>
    <id>6986</id>
    <completedYear>2025</completedYear>
    <publishedYear/>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>36</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2025-03-06</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Enhancing kaolin performance through organic molecule modification and assessing its efficiency for lead and copper adsorption</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The research aimed to enhance the efficacy of kaolin in water treatment by incorporating diphenylamine (DPA) and to evaluate its effectiveness in adsorbing lead and copper in wastewater in comparison to natural kaolin (Nat-kaolin). This entailed modifying kaolin with DPA to create DPA-kaolin and conducting comprehensive characterization utilizing a range of techniques, including X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersion X-ray (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. The results demonstrated the successful modification of DPA, as evidenced by an increase in BET-specific surface area of about 25 % (from 66.69 m².g⁻¹ to 71.35 m².g⁻¹), indicating enhanced adsorption capacity. XRD analysis confirmed the composition of the samples, while TGA/DTA indicated changes in water adsorption and dehydroxylation. SEM and EDX illustrated the tubular nature of the clay with a decrease in the amount of Al, about 10.76 %, and the amount of Si, about 10.38 %, on the DPA-kaolin. Notably, the FTIR spectrum of DPA-kaolin showed the presence of new vibration bands at 1248 cm⁻¹, indicating the presence of DPA. In terms of adsorption, the DPA-kaolin exhibited significantly higher maximum adsorption capacities for Pb(II) and Cu(II) compared to the nat-kaolin, with values of 151 μmol/g and 134 μmol/g, respectively.These values were significantly higher than those observed for Nat-kaolin, which demonstrated adsorption capacities of 103 μmol/g for Pb(II) and 91 μmol/g for Cu(II). The adsorption kinetics indicated that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model described the sorption mechanism for both Pb(II) and Cu(II). This was evidenced by the values of R², which were 0.999 and 0.996, respectively. The study provides clear evidence that DPA-kaolin is more effective than Nat-kaolin in removing lead (Pb(II)) and copper (Cu(II)) from wastewater. Through rigorous experimentation, it was observed that DPA-kaolin exhibited notably enhanced adsorption capabilities for both Pb(II) and Cu(II) compared to Nat-kaolin. These findings serve to emphasize the practical importance and potential.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Environmental Technology &amp; Innovation</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.eti.2024.103904</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2352-1864</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="BTUfunderNamenotEU">Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) / Open-Access-Publikationskosten (2023–2025) / 512881332</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Imen Rim</author>
    <author>Naouel Hezil</author>
    <author>Mamoun Fellah</author>
    <author>Adel Saoudi</author>
    <author>Obrosov Aleksei</author>
    <author>Gamal A. El-Hiti</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Kaolin clay</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Water treatment</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>DPA-Kaolin</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Chemical treatment</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Adsorption</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Isotherms</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="671">Metallverarbeitung und Rohprodukte aus Metall</collection>
    <collection role="collections" number="">Wiss. Publikationen</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="3406">FG Metallkunde und Werkstofftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="collections" number="">Zweitveröffentlichungen</collection>
    <collection role="collections" number="">BTU Open-Access gefördert</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>BTU  Cottbus - Senftenberg</thesisPublisher>
  </doc>
</export-example>
