@phdthesis{Schoen2025, author = {Sch{\"o}n, Franz-Theo}, title = {Transport and waves in parametrically excited fluid layers}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6995}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-69959}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2025}, abstract = {The transport and waves in parametrically excited fluid layers play a significant role in an understanding of non-linear surface wave phenomena and tidal resonances. In this thesis, we study resonant waves occurring in a circular channel with various obstacles under external oscillatory excitation. Typically, such sloshing experiments are conducted in rectangular, straight channels. The external excitation is implemented using a rotating table on which the entire experiment, including measurement equipment, is mounted. The excitation is either sinusoidal or ratched motion. The obstacles include a fully blocking barrier and a symmetric or asymmetric hill. The channel circumference is 4.76 m, with water depths ranging from 2 cm to 6 cm. Wave displacements within the channel are measured using 17 ultrasonic sensors equidistantly distributed along half of the channel. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is employed to measure the flow. We also consider a simplified numerical model capable of reproducing the experimental results. This model is based on a long-wave approximation and vertical integration using a profile function (K{\´a}rm{\´a}n-Pohlhausen approach). Additionally, we use a wave attractor model to quantitatively explain the development of resonances. These resonances are distributed in bands of the excitation frequency around the linear eigenfrequency. The experimental wave attractor and numerical results are consistent with each other. The waves observed within these resonant frequency bands appear as undular bores or solitary waves. In the fully blocking case, bands of constructive and destructive interference are observed, while in the presence of hills, all eigenfrequencies exhibit resonances of varying intensity. These non-linear wave phenomena are characterized by strong transport properties, which can be studied here due to the fact that the circular channel is not fully blocked. The ratched excitation generated asymmetric wave fields, which also induced asymmetric transport in the channel, leading to the emergence of a mean flow in the channel. A similar mean channel flow is observed for the asymmetric hill; however, wave-induced transport played a lesser role in this case. This is attributed to a large separation vortex on the steep side of the hill, which created a valve effect that rectified part of the oscillatory flow. These results are of interest not only for engineering applications but also for the understanding of tidal flows over seabed topography.}, subject = {Asymmetries; Asymmetrien; Bores; Sloshing; Transport; Waves; Bore; Schwappen; Transport; Wellen; Transport; Welle; Oberfl{\"a}chenwelle; Schwappende Fl{\"u}ssigkeit; Particle-Image-Velocimetry; Numerisches Modell}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Xu2021, author = {Xu, Wenchao}, title = {Experiments on nonlinear waves in homogeneous flows with free upper surface and time-dependent forcing}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-5386}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-53860}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The linear-theory assumption is a fundamental approach for the study of waves in fluids. The governing equations are linearized by assuming the perturbations are small so that the consequences of nonlinear terms are negligible. Nevertheless, if a wave approaches a critical level, in which the wave amplitude grows so as to create an instability of the background flow, the assumption of linearity may not hold any longer. In this case, the nonlinear terms are required to be taken into consideration. In this thesis, two experimental setups have been proposed for the study of two scenarios, in which the nonlinear effects become significant and a traditional linear solution is no longer valid. The first experiment focuses on an inertially oscillating rotating fluid. In the thesis, we present experimental results from a system that is simpler than classical precession experiments but still shows very similar wave interactions and a collapse to turbulence. This system consists of a partly filled rotating annulus that rotates about its symmetry axis slightly tilted with respect to the gravity vector. In the experiments, we find a resonant collapse when the forcing frequency corresponds with a resonant frequency of the rotating tank. Two types of instability can be triggered: a parametric triadic instability, in which two free Kelvin modes arise and form a triad with the forced Kelvin mode, and a shear-type instability related to the nonlinearly excited geostrophic flow. The latter instability gives rise to a barotropic mode that interacts with the forced mode and generates secondary modes. We also observed dependency of the mode frequencies on the Ekman number, which can, at least partly, be explained by a Doppler shift due to the mean flow. Finally, we try to connect our data to a low-order dynamical system based on the weakly nonlinear theory that describes the main features of single triad interaction in precession experiments. The second experiment concerns the study of undular bores (or tidal bores), in which the nonlinearity plays an important role. An experiment has been performed in which undular bores are produced in an open circular channel. More specifically, two different cases have been investigated: a single bore case with a rigid boundary setup and a bore colliding case with a periodic lateral boundary setup. Bores are generated by abruptly releasing a barrier that separates fluids with different surface levels. Up to our knowledge, this is the first experimental study of undular bores in a circular channel. For a setup without barriers, this geometry accomplishes in a natural way the periodic lateral boundary conditions, which is very often used in numerical simulations. The experimental results have been compared with the nonlinear numeric simulations and achieved an excellent agreement.}, subject = {Nonlinear waves; Flow instability; Rotating geophysical flows; Inertial waves; Weak turbulence; Tidal bore; Nichtlinearit{\"a}t; Rotierende Str{\"o}mung; Instabilit{\"a}t; Tr{\"a}gheitswellen; Gezeitenwellen; Flutwelle; Tr{\"a}gheitswelle; Instabile Str{\"o}mung; Rotationsstr{\"o}mung}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Pizzi2023, author = {Pizzi, Federico}, title = {Numerical studies of a fluid-filled precessing cylinder : a framework for the DRESDYN precession experiment}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6421}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-64218}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Precession driven flows are believed to play a relevant role in planetary dynamics, such as in atmospheric phenomena, and as a complementary energy source for homogeneous dynamo action, i.e. the self-generation of planetary magnetic fields. Precessional motion occurs when a body rotates around an axis, which itself is rotating around another axis. The main influence of this forcing mechanism is a gyroscopic effect on the fluid flow which gives rise to a wavy dynamics even in the laminar regime. If the forcing magnitude is strong enough the flow goes through a series of phenomena such as instabilities, resonant interactions between waves, and transition to turbulence whose occurrence depends on the container shape and the angle between the two axis. Although many phenomena have a satisfactory explanation, others still remain elusive and merit further investigations. The interest in moderate to large forcing is particularly motivated by the need of theoretical supports for the upcoming DRESDYN (DREsden Sodium facility for DYNnamo and thermohydraulic studies) precession experiment, whose main purpose is to test the capability of a precessing fluid system to achieve a dynamo effect. Here, the possibility to generate a magnetic field is connected to the emergence of three large scale structures in the bulk flow: a directly forced standing wave, poloidal vortices, and a geostrophic axisymmetric flow. In this thesis we use numerical simulations to study and understand the flow behavior in a fluid-filled precessing cylinder. We use two types of approaches: a global study to investigate large scale phenomena and the resulting magnetohydrodynamics behavior, and a local model to analyze and unveil the properties of turbulence forced by precession. The bulk flow behavior present different responses with respect to the sense of motion: while prograde precession shows a steep transition to turbulence when increasing the forcing magnitude with a marked breakdown of the directly forced mode, retrograde precession presents a much smoother change. A related distinction has been found also for the dynamo action, which is more likely to occur for perpendicular and retrograde precession. The precession driven turbulence is a complex scenario determined by the coexistence of geostrophic vortices (called also condensates), a typical feature of rotating turbulence prone to an inverse cascade of energy, and small scale 3D waves characterized by a direct energy cascade. We observe the interaction of these two structures as being governed by a clear hierarchy.}, subject = {Inertial waves; Precession-driven flows; Rotating turbulcence; Dynamo action; Pr{\"a}zessionsgetriebene Str{\"o}mungen; Inertialwellen; Dynamo-Aktion; Rotierende Turbulenzen; Turbulente Str{\"o}mung; Atmosph{\"a}rische Turbulenz; Inertialsystem; Dynamotheorie; Gyroskop}, language = {en} }