@phdthesis{Pohl2006, author = {Pohl, Annette}, title = {Ausstattung und Belastbarkeit Th{\"u}ringer B{\"o}den mit Schwermetallen und As unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung geogener Grundgehalte und anthropogener Eintr{\"a}ge}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus-368}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Auf Basis von 174 Profilaufschl{\"u}ssen und unter Einbeziehung von vielen tausend Datens{\"a}tzen aus weiteren Projekten des Freistaates Th{\"u}ringen werden Hintergrundgehalte f{\"u}r Schwermetalle und Arsen in Th{\"u}ringer B{\"o}den und Substraten erarbeitet und entsprechende Hintergrundwerte f{\"u}r Oberb{\"o}den abgeleitet. Die Hintergrundgehalte wurden unter geologisch - lithologischen Gesichtspunkten systematisiert, da sich im Verlauf der Arbeiten herausstellte, dass diese in ihrem Einfluss auf den Schwermetallgehalt gegen{\"u}ber weiteren den Schwermetallgehalt von B{\"o}den pr{\"a}genden Faktoren wie bodenphysikalische / bodenchemische Eigenschaften (Ton, pH, organische Substanz) oder Siedlungsdichte dominieren. Die Arbeit zeigt f{\"u}r den Freistaat Th{\"u}ringen, dass sich die Schwermetallgehalte des geologischen Materials und der daraus gebildeten B{\"o}den gut in das f{\"u}r viele andere Bundesl{\"a}nder gewonnene Bild einordnen. Gleichzeitig gibt sie einen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber die vor allem geogen bedingte aber deutlich anthropogen {\"u}berpr{\"a}gte Vielfalt der Schwermetallausstattung Th{\"u}ringer B{\"o}den und daraus ableitbarer tolerierbarer Zusatzbelastungen. Von 10 fl{\"a}chenm{\"a}ßig bedeutungsvollen Substratgruppen Th{\"u}ringens sind die Oberb{\"o}den aus L{\"o}ß und aus Sandsteinen des Buntsandstein generell gering mit Schwermetallen belastet. Alle anderen sind demgegen{\"u}ber erh{\"o}ht, unterschreiten aber in der Regel mit dem 90er Perzentil die Vorsorgewerte der BBodSchV wobei diese elementspezifisch in unterschiedlichem Maße ausgesch{\"o}pft werden. Es muss bei der Beurteilung von Bodenuntersuchungsergebnissen jedoch immer beachtet werden, dass kleinr{\"a}umig in Th{\"u}ringen lithostratigraphische Einheiten mit sehr hohen Schwermetallkonzentrationen ausstreichen k{\"o}nnen.}, subject = {Th{\"u}ringen; Bodenverschmutzung / Schwermetall; Arsenbelastung; Geogener Faktor; Schwermetalle; Arsen; Hintergrundwert; Vorsorgewert; BBodSchV; Heavy metals; Arsenic; Background value; Precautionary values; German-Soil-Protection-Act}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Ritschel2006, author = {Ritschel, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Belastung der B{\"o}den des Landes Brandenburg mit PAK und PCB : Akkumulationsf{\"a}higkeit und Transferverm{\"o}gen}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus-272}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Im Rahmen der Arbeit werden nutzungs- und standortspezifische Hintergrundwerte f{\"u}r organische Schadstoffe (PAK, BaP und PCB) in Brandenburger Oberb{\"o}den abgeleitet. Dabei wird der Medianwert im Sinne eines Hintergrundwertes, der den Normalzustand beschreibt, verwendet. Das 90er Perzentil charakterisiert eine den Normalzustand {\"u}berschreitende Schadstoffkonzentration und fungiert als Referenzwert. Um den Transfer von PAK und PCB vom Boden in die Pflanze zu ermitteln, wurden Gef{\"a}ßversuche mit f{\"u}r Brandenburg typischen B{\"o}den und Kulturen sowie Erhebungsuntersuchungen auf landwirtschaftlichen Fl{\"a}chen ausgewertet. Gepr{\"u}ft wurde der Schadstofftransfer in die Fruchtarten Mais, Kartoffel, M{\"o}hre, Salat, Spinat, Gras und Weizen. Festzustellen war, dass sich der PAK- und PCBTransfer in die Pflanze unter den Bedingungen der relativ leichten und schlecht mit organischer Substanz versorgten B{\"o}den des Landes Brandenburg auf niedrigem Niveau bewegt.}, subject = {Brandenburg; Bodenverschmutzung; Polycyclische Aromaten; Polychlorierte Biphenyle; Hintergrundwert; Oberboden; Polycyclische Aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe; Polychlorierte Biphenyle; Referenzwert; Background value; Topsoil; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Polychlorinated biphenyl; Reference value}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Downes2019, author = {Downes, Nigel Keith}, title = {Climate adaptation planning : an urban structure type approach for understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of risks in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-51185}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Urban adaptation is a critical issue for many of the developing countries of Southeast Asia. Vietnam is likely to be among the countries most adversely affected by climate change. Moreover, its largest city, Ho Chi Minh City is considered worldwide as one of most vulnerable to a multitude of climate-related hazards, including flooding, sea-level rise and extreme heat events. Similar to other rapidly developing megacities in Southeast Asia, Ho Chi Minh City has undergone enormous changes in recent decades and has rapidly developed into an emerging megacity shaped by global processes and local settlement patterns. Recently, the need to adapt to the multiple stressors of rapid urbanisation and climate change has become increasingly evident. Adaptation to climate change in urban areas depends on decision-makers' understanding of the current and future impacts of climate change. Land-use planning as a place-based and problem-solving strategy has been recognised as a key tool in this respect, to mainstream climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction into urban development. Yet a key challenge is a lack of relevant information on exposed populations and assets at risk to planners and policymakers. The dissertation outlines the development of an integrated framework predominantly based on an urban structure type approach. This approach was used to manually interpret high resolution, remotely sensed imagery in order to portray and understand patterns of settlement and urban structure layout of the current and emerging landscapes of Ho Chi Minh City. The approach is able to capture the highly dynamic spatiotemporal, social and structural changes associated with rapid urbanisation. The overall findings show the applicability of the developed framework to produce important input indicators for risk adapted land-use planning. These are ultimately useful to determine hotspots for administrative interventions and to assist prioritising in spatial and urban planning decision-making.}, subject = {Climate change; Urban adaptation; Urban structure type; Land-use planning; Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Stadtstrukturtypen; Landnutzungsplanung; Ho Chi Minh Stadt, Vietnam; Klimawandel; St{\"a}dtische Anpassung an den Klimawandel; Ho-Chi-Minh-Stadt; Klima{\"a}nderung; Stadtstruktur; Stadtplanung}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Techoro2013, author = {Techoro, Prosper Somah}, title = {Climatic change impacts on subsistence agriculture in the Sudano-Sahel Zone of Cameroon - constraints and opportunities for adaptation}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus-28441}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Unlike many areas of the world where agricultural producers exhibit the physical, economic and social resources to moderate, or adapt, subsistence agriculture in the Sudano-Sahel region of Cameroon is seem to be particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climatic variability. This is in part due to the fact that the majority of the population depends on rain-fed agriculture for their livelihood. Adapting to climate change in the subsistence agricultural sector is therefore very imperative in providing food security and concomitantly protecting the livelihood of rural communities. This study examined the patterns of current climatic variables on some selected subsistence staple crops namely; millet and sorghum in the Cameroon´s Sudano-Sahel. It also valorized and documented the community based adaptation strategies used by local farmers to cope with current climate change, explored the constraints and opportunities in adaptation and mitigation that could facilely be integrated and incorporated into policies and programs. The guiding premises were that climatic change impacts subsistence crop yields as the lower the rainfall, the higher the vulnerability of the yields of staple crops. It also hypothesized that the present community-based strategies used by the local farmers are relevant and crucial to the present day quest for climate change adaptation strategies. Analyses of agricultural droughts using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), spatio-temporal land use and land cover dynamics via remote sensing were utilized as well as the application of statistical tools for the investigation of pressure and state indicators. A participatory research approach was used in exploring adaptation patterns perceived by the ruralites in the face of variable climatic condition via administered questionnaires. The results suggested critical impact asymmetries due to climatic and socio-economic factors affected subsistence crops in the Sudano-Sahel of Cameroon. Furthermore, SPI results indicated incidences of droughts; with the Multilinear Regression (MLR) models showing temperature and rainfall to an extent determined agricultural crop productivity in the Sudano-Sahel. However, other factors such as population growth have undoubtedly caused enormous impacts on the agricultural system as seen in remote sensing analyses. Questionnaire survey findings also connoted that subsistence farming communities have a rich repertoire of strategies ranging from changing of planting dates, changing of crop varieties, switching from crops to livestock, use of local indicators, movement from rural to urban areas, increment in cultivated lands, irrigation soil conservation practices among many others as they perceive varying climatic conditions. Additionally, some of these indigenous strategies are inherent in ecological agricultural practices that offer a win-win scenario for the simultaneously tackling of climate change adaptation and mitigation and hence meeting the development goals. The results further highlighted the lack of money, poor access to climate information, the encroachment of desert and shortage of man power as some of the factors hindering subsistence farmers' ability to adapt. The study concluded that adaptation measures in subsistence agriculture were highly significant for poverty reduction, thus improving on the well-being of the ruralites. The key to the ability of farmers to adapt would be access to relevant knowledge and information. Following the rich repertoire of strategies by local farmers, adaptation needed to be mainstreamed and institutional networks strengthened in order for effective community based adaptation.  }, subject = {Kamerun; Sahel; Subsistenzwirtschaft; Klima{\"a}nderung; Klimawandel; D{\"u}rre; Anpassung; Bev{\"o}lkerung; Armut; Climate Change; Drought; Adaptation; Rural Population; Poverty}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Onyango2010, author = {Onyango, Vincent}, title = {Confirming SEA definitional concept: assessing the extent to which SEA and environmental integration can be evaluated quantitatively and behaves systematically}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus-18969}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2010}, abstract = {Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is a concept and a decision-making support tool. Based on its definitions, it is claimed that SEA can 1) contribute to the integration of environmental concerns into strategic decisions: policies, plans and programmes (PPPs); and that SEA 2) is a systematic process. Although these claims are widely acknowledged in SEA research and practice, they remain largely unsubstantiated empirically. To date, SEA research is dominated by qualitative-type approaches, investigating aspects of effectiveness, of context and of elements of good practice. Quantitative-type research has been rare, and often criticised on the basis that it is unable to capture and address the dynamic nature of PPP-making processes, i.e. the involvement of a wide range of actors, the input of new information and the existence of different views and interests, which give rise to uncertainty and unpredictability. Nevertheless, the potential of quantitative research in SEA has yet to be fully explored, and the extent to which SEA is meeting the two definitional claims mentioned above remains untested and undetermined. Within this context, this study aims to apply a quantitative research approach to SEA and verify the extent to which SEA contributes to environmental integration (EI) and the extent to which SEA behaves systematically. It achieves this by looking at UK practice as a case study. It applies questionnaire survey, correlation analysis and sensitivity analysis as methods of quantitative research approach. The findings of this research confirmed that quantitative methodologies can be successfully applied to evaluate the presence and quality of SEA procedures and their outputs. Furthermore, the degree of EI reflected in plans and programmes (PPs) because of the SEA, as reflected in the PP's environmental objectives and indicators, can be quantitatively evaluated. However, to enhance this quantitative evaluation process, clearer and more precise environmental objectives are needed. Of the two definitional SEA claims evaluated, that (1) SEA contributes to EI in PPPs and that (2) SEA is a systematic process), there was weak evidence to support the claim that SEA significantly achieved EI within UK SEA practice. Of the second claim, it was concluded that the UK SEA process behaves as a systematic process composed of negative and positive feedbacks. Moreover, the UK SEA process is a stable system prone to over-development and with inadequate negative feedbacks to facilitate self-regulation of the SEA process towards a certain range of EI. Based on the findings, it is recommended that if SEA effectiveness and theory-building are to be enhanced, application of more quantitative methods and hypothetico-deductive paradigms of scientific enquiry should be applied in order to test and verify stated hypotheses. Application of other quantitative methods such as Factor Analysis and/or Principal Component Analysis should be considered in order to further establish the explanatory elements for EI achievement, and contributory roles of various SEA elements in achieving EI. Furthermore, quantitative approaches can facilitate calibrating of SEA reports and EI achieved, and enhance standardisation and quality control. It is further recommended that if SEA is to be understood as a systematic process with dynamic interactions amongst its elements, then further research needs to be conducted to improve follow-up mechanisms and establish quality hold points in order to enhance quality assurance. Specifically, more negative feedback loops or best practice standards and quality control hold points should be integrated into the SEA system in order for it to better self-regulate towards achieving a defined range of EI.}, subject = {Umweltanalyse; Strategische Planung; Umweltpolitik; Nachhaltige Entwicklung; Strategische Umweltpr{\"u}fung (SUP); Quantitative Bewertung; Methodentriangulation; Sensitivit{\"a}tsanalyse; SUP-System; Strategic Environment Assessment (SEA); Quantitative evaluation; Triangulation method; Sensitivity analysis; SEA system}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Lucke2007, author = {Lucke, Bernhard}, title = {Demise of the Decapolis : past and present desertification in the context of soil development, land use, and climate}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus-3431}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Desertification is seen as a severe threat to Mediterranean ecosystems and the desert fringes. Both land use and climate variations may lead to an advance of the desert, and human and natural factors can be connected in feedback relationships. This makes it difficult to describe cause-and-effect relationships, and to predict the impact of global warming. A key is understanding historic desertification, since the investigation of the past allows to better separate the roles of man and weather. These questions were investigated in the Decapolis region in northern Jordan, an area in the transition zone between the Arabian desert and the Mediterranean climate belt. It had been assumed that historic desertification in the Decapolis was connected with severe degradation of soils, and caused by agricultural mismanagement and deforestation. This idea served as explanation for economic decay and abandonment of cities, too. However, the greatest part of the erosion took place during the last Ice Age and the Younger Dryas. There is no indication that the inanimate landscape changed significantly since the Bronze Age. Historic field systems were partially preserved and seem reflected by distinct soil development, indicating that the impact of land use was more complex and less devastating than previously assumed. Historic human impacts on the natural environment seem limited, and certainly not connected with desertification. Romantic northern European misconceptions of how a "natural" landscape should look like may in this context have contributed to a negative assessment of traditional agriculture in the Mediterranean. Comparative analyses of soils and colluvia, air photos, historic travel reports, tree rings and climate reconstructions indicate that population growth was behind the flourishing of the Decapolis, which took place mostly under favourably stable climatic conditions. Periods of decline seem triggered by climatic anomalies. As it seems, climate change was previously understood too linearly: extreme rainfall events can be more devastating than drought, and temperature, wind and rainfall distribution over the year are important as well. Cool and dry periods at the end of the last Ice Age were connected with incision and sometimes dramatic erosion. Climatic fluctuations during history may have been connected with pests, famines, plagues, and wars which caused dramatic drops of population levels. The ecological sensitivity of the desert belt may have aggravated the impact of climate variations. Economic recovery took place only when population levels rose again. It is so far unknown how climate will develop under global warming, but an increasing number of anomalous events could have dramatic impacts. The key for dealing with global warming seems therefore adaptation to climatic irregularities.}, subject = {Jordanien ; Desertifikation; Desertifikation; Boden; Landnutzung; Klima; Arch{\"a}ologie; Desertification; Soil; Land use; Climate; Archaeology}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Ravankhah2019, author = {Ravankhah, Mohammad}, title = {Earthquake disaster risk assessment for cultural World Heritage sites : the case of "Bam and its cultural landscape" in Iran}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-52537}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Despite the continuous effects of natural hazards on cultural heritage and growing body of research on disaster risk assessment, cultural heritage still suffers from the lack of integrated risk assessment methodologies. Within the context of natural hazards, earthquakes need to be differently considered mainly due to the sudden massive destruction without warning and the unpredictability of the exact occurrence time and place. So far, limited sources have been adequately dedicated to developing risk assessment methodologies for cultural heritage. The challenge is to integrate the principles and methods of risk assessment in heritage conservation on one side, and to incorporate particular characteristics of cultural heritage and World Cultural Heritage properties (e.g. the Outstanding Universal Values and associated conditions of authenticity and integrity) into the risk assessment procedure, on the other. There are numerous cultural properties that have been extremely affected by seismic events, such as the historic city of Bam in Iran. The World Heritage site of 'Bam and its Cultural Landscape', as a unique example of a traditional human settlement, is investigated in this research. Because Bam and its Cultural Landscape is located in a high-probability earthquake region and appeared to be highly vulnerable to seismic events, an integrated risk assessment for the property needs to be developed in response to potential earthquakes. Recognising the challenge, a Cultural Heritage Risk Index for Bam is performed to measure the level of risk by aggregating the risk components, which are 'hazard' (earthquakes), 'exposure' (significance of the site elements), and 'vulnerability' (susceptibility and coping capacity). According to the risk index, an earthquake risk map is generated by applying Geographic Information System (GIS) to demonstrate a common understanding of the level of potential impacts on the property. Furthermore, a multiple impact identification matrix supports determining the potential impacts of an earthquake as well as its related secondary hazards and human-induced threats that need to be addressed in a risk preparedness plan. The findings of the research emphasis that in addition to the hazard itself, diverse factors associated with the heritage significance, structural susceptibility, and institutional capacity highly influence the level of risk. The outputs of the risk assessment allows determining site-specific risk reduction strategies, particularly seismic susceptibility reduction and coping capacity building. This provides specialists and practitioners from multiple sectors engaged in the protection of (World) cultural heritage with a practical tool to facilitate risk communication and appropriate risk management planning.}, subject = {Earthquakes; Bam (Iran); Vulnerability assessment; World Cultural Heritage; Disaster risk assessment; Erdbeben; Bam (Iran); Vulnerabilit{\"a}tsbewertung; Weltkulturerbe; Katastrophenrisikobeurteilung; Bam ; Weltkulturerbe; Erdbeben; Risikoanalyse}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schinkel2014, author = {Schinkel, Ulrike}, title = {Enabling local climate change response - a conceptual approach for the governance and management of Community-Based Adaptation (CBA) with a special focus on Vietnam}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-35243}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Community-Based Adaptation (CBA) to climate change is a people-centred approach designed for the enablement of communities to collectively develop strategies to respond to local impacts that directly affect their lives and livelihoods. Nevertheless, CBA requires political support and the integration into larger-scale adaptation plans and policies; as the scope of local initiatives is rather small, they cannot substitute national or city-level adaptation efforts, but they may be a supplement as short- or medium-term response measures. Despite the success of single CBA pilot projects, the institutionalisation of CBA and its integration as a bottom-up approach into larger-scale adaptation plans and policies is definitely a challenge: firstly, the potential of CBA is still overlooked by decision-makers and planners; secondly, the decentralisation of decision-making is still underdeveloped in many countries and communities are not yet empowered and enabled to actively participate; and thirdly, there is lack of approaches to 'scale-out' and 'scale-up' successful CBA pilot projects. Consequently, this doctoral thesis aims at going beyond the work of theorists and focuses on the identification of ways to institutionalise CBA. In the theoretical section of this thesis, an academic concept of CBA is formulated; the scope of CBA is defined and challenges for taking CBA beyond the pilot stage are identified. In a further step, a governance and management concept for the integration of CBA as a bottom-up approach into top-down planning approaches is developed. In order to do that, suitable existing governance and management concepts are identified and transferable concept components are combined. The first result of this concept development step is an ideal-typical 'CBA Governance Management Model' (CBA-GMM), which combines concepts for a policy instrument and a pro-poor funding mechanism, for a governance approach, based on multi-level and network governance, as well as for a management approach that altogether may theoretically help to enable CBA activities. In a next step, the CBA-GMM is applied to the real case of Vietnam. After the assessment of the political and institutional framework, its strengths, constraints and challenges with regard to the institutionalisation of CBA, an 'Applied CBA Governance Management Model' for Vietnam (CBA-AGMM) is developed, which proposes a concept for the integration of CBA into the strongly hierarchical structure of the Vietnamese administrative and decision-making structure. This doctoral thesis shows that it is theoretically possible to integrate CBA as a bottom-up approach into larger-scale adaptation efforts, while it honestly reflects the constraints for putting it into practice.}, subject = {Community-Based Adaptation; Climate change adaptation; Climate governance; Urban development; Empowerment; Community-Based Adaptation (CBA); Klimawandelanpassung; Klimagovernance; Stadtentwicklung; Vietnam; Klima{\"a}nderung; Stadtentwicklung; Bev{\"o}lkerung; Anpassung}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Afanasyev2010, author = {Afanasyev, Vyacheslav}, title = {Evaluating Ukraine's agro-industrial sector: comprehensive assessment with the view of sustainability improvement and European integration}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus-19027}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2010}, abstract = {Being one of Ukraine's major sources of economic revenue, the country's agro-industrial sector proved, at the same time, to be perhaps the most vulnerable branch of economy in the times of political and social turbulence. While the state is searching for the ways of strengthening its positions at the global market, its agricultural potential to a considerable extent remains both under- and misused. Based on comprehensive historic analysis, this research establishes the origins of the current situation and assesses the possibilities of positive change. Utilizing the experience of other European countries' with regards to making agriculture more sustainable and competitive in the modern world, the author describes the ways of applying these practices against the background of Ukrainian socio-political system. Drawing knowledge from the experience of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) worldwide, this research aims at harmonizing their methods with evaluation demands in Ukrainian agriculture. It discusses and criticizes the existing assessment approach and suggests measures necessary for making it more comprehensive. The author offers profound analysis of Ukrainian agricultural policies to date, reviews national regulating directives and outlines country-specific challenges as to improving agricultural sustainability. In order to provide Ukrainian decision-makers with a clear and all-round tool for assessing the advances and failures of the acting state policies in the AIS, a set of reliable indices for evaluating agricultural performance has been developed by the author, which is largely based on the widely-acknowledged Driving Force - State - Response framework offered by the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and Human Development Index (HDI) from United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) methodology. At the same time, the newly developed set takes into consideration the peculiarities of Ukrainian socio-political setting. Three major categories of indicators were chosen as a backbone for further elaboration, namely economic, social and political. Therefrom results a list of twelve relevant indices. At the concluding stage of the research, they were processed and transformed to three top-level indices: Economic Development Index, Environmental Situation Index and Social Development Index. These three indices are intended for clear and illustrative presentation of the current situation for high level decision-makers and governmental bodies. Methodology utilized for the purposes of this research with necessary adaptation and fine tuning can also be used with other set of initial data, indicators and indices. Application field can also be downscaled from the highest (national) to the lowest (regional) level by adapting the indicator-indices system to the initial input data. This will considerably simplify the compilation and presentation of regional reports and will provide transparency for interregional comparison within the country.}, subject = {Ukraine; Landwirtschaft; Umweltvert{\"a}glichkeitspr{\"u}fung; Nachhaltigkeit; Ukraine; Landwirtschaft; Bewertung; Nachhaltigkeit; Indikator; Ukraine; Agriculture; Evaluation; Sustainability; Indicator}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Mbachu2021, author = {Mbachu, Ikechukwu}, title = {Flood vulnerability assessment and adaptive capacity of smallholder farmers : a case study of the Orashi basin in the Niger Delta}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-57211}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2021}, abstract = {In most studies on flood risk in Nigeria, priority is given to urban flood risk than rural flood risk. Smallholder farmers who mostly inhabit rural areas and flood plains are known to be at great risk of flooding, but to date, there have been no studies on the impacts they experience and how they cope with these impacts. To establish the existence of significant change in precipitation in the study area, statistical analysis of precipitation data was conducted using linear regression and non-parametric Mann Kendall test. Landsat satellite images for 1986, 2003 and 2016 were obtained from the United States Geological Survey's (USGS) website and used to collect and analyze data related to land use. To determine flood risk in the context of land use change, the HEC-HMS model version 3.5 was used. Land use maps corresponding to 1986, 2003, and 2016 LULC conditions were analysed and prepared for the calculation of CN values using Soil Conservation Service (SCS-CN) method. CN map was prepared by integrating the maps of hydrologic soil groups and land use in ArcGIS software. Based on selected morphological parameters, a flood risk map was developed for the study area. The morphologic flood risk showed that most parts of the basin face moderate flood risk. Higher runoff values were observed under 2016 LULC conditions mainly due to intense deforestation relative to those of 1986 and 2003. The results indicated that runoff and peak discharge are significantly affected by deforestation instead of changes in the rainfall pattern. Flood inundation maps of the study area were prepared for the flood events of 2012 and 2015. Maximum depth for the 2012 and 2015 flood events was calculated as 10.58m and 7.39m, respectively. The socioeconomic aspects of the research were conducted using household survey method. Using snowball sampling techniques, 400 flood-affected households were selected. The results show that the adaptive capacity of smallholder farmers in the study area remains very low and hampered by several factors such as poverty and weakened social networks. The synopsis of the examined variables leads to the following conclusion: Instead of climatic factors - as one indicator of vulnerability - it is social inequality and poverty in the region as well as the structural economic differences between various groups that mainly drives vulnerability in the study area.}, subject = {Vulnerability; Flood; Smallholder farmers; Climate change; Adaptive capacity; Hochwasserrisiko; Anpassungsf{\"a}higkeit; Kleinbauern; Klimawandel; Verletzlichkeit; Nigeria; Nigerdelta; Hochwasser; Kleinbauer; L{\"a}ndlicher Raum; Niederschlagsmessung; Anf{\"a}lligkeit; Klimawandel}, language = {en} }