@phdthesis{AlegueFeugo2008, author = {Alegue Feugo, Jean Duclos}, title = {Investigating ecological indicators of freshwater ecosystems using signal analysis methods}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus-4396}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2008}, abstract = {Human life depends on water of good quality. Freshwater ecosystems are being degraded as a result of anthropogenic activities. Managing freshwater resources require a good understanding of the dynamics of the processes affecting water quality and the interrelationship existing between them. Signal analysis methods are used to extract information from water quality time series. The information obtained from such analysis is required for developing dynamic models as an aid in investigating the outcome of different management scenarios. They are equally useful in determining the appropriate sampling frequency required for monitoring ecological indicators. Modern methods developed in other field such as mathematical statistics need to be investigated in the fields of water quality management so as to enhance the knowledge of the functioning and the structure of water bodies. Classical methods consisting of time domain and frequency domain methods in combination with a modern method, wavelet analysis, were used to extract information from water quality indicators from the River Havel in the State of Brandenburg in Germany. The indicators were dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll-a and water temperature which are respectively chemical, biological and physical indicators. The time domain methods revealed the behavior of the signal across time as well as the relationship between them. The frequency domain methods proved quite inadequate because the signals from water quality are non-stationary with changing variance across time. The wavelet methods were quite good in unraveling the behavior of these signals at different time-scales. This analysis revealed that the high frequency changes have no significant effect on the long term dynamics of water quality signals. Given that only the low frequency components influence the long term behavior of these signals, it was found that it makes more sense to sample most of the signals at a weekly or two weekly intervals so as to avoid noisy or redundant information. In addition, the time-scale decomposition allows for noisy or redundant information that blurs the long term dynamics thereby negatively affecting the quality of models to be detected and kicked out. Moreover, it was also found that the use of a time delay in a dynamic model should be based on the delay from the time-scale that influence the long term dynamics the most in the freshwater body by the help of the wavelet cross-correlation rather than the classical cross-correlation. Finally, the same indicator from different water bodies of the same watershed portrayed different time and frequency dependent behavior implying that each freshwater body needs to be uniquely investigated. Applying the same management techniques to different water bodies without prior investigation will not be sound. Freshwater ecosystems are more and more threatened by phenomena such as global warming, pharmaceuticals in water bodies, invasive species requiring more investigation on the applicability of tools developed in other fields of science in the field of water resource management. Enhanced knowledge will improve the existing knowledge on the structure and functioning of freshwater bodies, the quality of models developed as management decision aid and the quality of the data used for decision making.}, subject = {S{\"u}ßwasser; {\"O}kosystem; Verschmutzung; Indikatoren; Zeitreihenanalyse; wavelet; Pollution; Indicators; Time series; Modeling; Wavelet}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Wei2008, author = {Wei, Shouke}, title = {On the use of game theoretic models for water resources management}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus-5869}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2008}, abstract = {Water quality degradation and water scarcity are two serious problems, and water resources management related to those problems usually involves conflicts. In the absence of market and exclusive property rights, those conflicts are unavoidable. Game theory is an appropriate approach to simulate and resolve such conflicts. The overall objective of this research is to develop a practical methodology and mechanism to promote the maximization of public welfare from a socio-economic and environmental perspective using game theory. There are three main goals: 1) to use game theory to illustrate and analyze phenomena of water resources management, 2) to set up non-cooperative and cooperative game theoretic simulation models of water conflicts in a river basin, and 3) to apply the game theoretic simulation approach into water conflicts involved in the Hanjiang River Basin (HRB) in China. In the case of HRB, the Municipalities of Beijing, Hanzhong, Ankang and Shangluo, Shiyan and the Cities of Xixia and Xichuan are defined as the main players. For each main player, industry, households and agriculture are defined as the sub-players. Statistical and econometric regression modeling methods are used to formulate payoff functions of the players. The models are evaluated by forecasting and scenarios analyses. Cost-benefit Analysis (CBA) and demand-supply principle (DSP) are applied to compare the game outcomes. Economic valuation methods (EVMs) are applied to the value transformation. Scenario analysis is also employed to analyze the future risks and uncertainties. The main results prove that the non-cooperative game will cost all players an overall loss, though it yields benefits to some players. However, cooperative game results show that there is an overall benefit, though some players have loss. Comparing with the results of non-cooperative and cooperative games, it finds that cooperation makes all the players better off though some players are worse off. Scenario results illustrate that player one and his sub-players have serious water deficits even in the optimistic scenario. Thus, cooperation with other players is the dominant strategy for this player. The risks of non-cooperation come from some other players and sub-players. The game theoretic simulation approach and results benefit not only different groups of water stakeholders, but also decision makers to make policies on water quantity allocation, water quality protection, water pricing as well as ecological loss compensation.}, subject = {China; Wasserwirtschaft; Spieltheorie; Simulation; Wasserbewirtschaftung; Konflikte; Spieltheorie; Simulation; Szenarioanalysen; Water resources; Conflicts; Game theory; Simulation; Scenario analysis}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Obst2009, author = {Obst, Ronald}, title = {Optimierung der Probenahme unter besonderer Ber{\"u}cksichtigung des Mobilit{\"a}tsverhaltens von polyzyklischen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen in f{\"u}nf typischen ostbrandenburgischen Bodenprofilen}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus-9562}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2009}, abstract = {F{\"u}r eine Konzeption boden- und grundwasservertr{\"a}glicher Folgenutzung von Altlastenstandorten werden Kenntnisse {\"u}ber Mechanismen und Einflussfaktoren f{\"u}r die Freisetzung akkumulierter Substanzen und deren Transport ben{\"o}tigt. Die vorliegende Arbeit hatte das Ziel, einen Beitrag {\"u}ber Einflussfaktoren, die die Mobilit{\"a}t der polyzyklischen Aromaten im Boden steuern, zu liefern. Unter Nutzung und Zusammenf{\"u}hrung bisheriger Erkenntnisse aus der Vor-Ort-Analytik wurde ein Beprobungsschemata entwickelt, welches das r{\"a}umlich variable Verlagerungsverhalten der PAK in verschiedenen B{\"o}den Brandenburgs rationell beschreibt. Unter nat{\"u}rlichen Witterungsbedingungen wurden aufgeschlossene Bodenprofile horizontweise beprobt und das Verlagerungsverhalten von PAK in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von Bodenparametern untersucht. An den feldgemischten Bodenproben wurden neben der PAK-Analytik folgende physiko-chemische Einflussfaktoren auf eine PAK-Mobilisierung ermittelt: Hydrosedimentation und r{\"o}ntgenografische Untersuchungen zur Bewertung von Feinstfraktionen im Bodenmaterial; Kornverteilungen mittels Siebanalysen zur Ermittlung der kf -Werte f{\"u}r die Bewertung von Durchl{\"a}ssigkeit und Sorptionsf{\"a}higkeit der untersuchten B{\"o}den; Wassergehalt, Gl{\"u}hverlust und organischer Kohlenstoffgehalt; pH-Werte, elektrische Leitf{\"a}higkeit und Karbonatgehalte. Sehr hohe PAK-Gehalte in der Gley-Braunerde wie am Standort Erkner, im Humuspodsol wie in Beeskow sowie in der vergleyten Rostbraunerde wie in Berlin-Britz ziehen eine Hemmung des Stoffabbaus nach sich. In diesen B{\"o}den bestehen g{\"u}nstige Voraussetzungen f{\"u}r eine hohe Freisetzung organischen Materials. Bei schluffreicher Auspr{\"a}gung der Matrix kann eine Sorption beg{\"u}nstigt werden. Die PAK-Gehalt/Gl{\"u}hverlust-Korrelationen der jeweiligen ortstypischen Leitb{\"o}den mit deutlich abweichenden Messwerten deuten auf besonders belastete B{\"o}den bzw. anthropogene Matrices. Die als bedeutsam erkannten Eigenschaften der organischen Substanz treten in ihrem Einfluss auf die H{\"o}he der PAK-Tiefenverlagerung dann deutlich in Erscheinung, wenn die untersuchten Standorte geringe Unterschiede in solchen substrat-bedingten Bodeneigenschaften aufweisen, die f{\"u}r Adsorptionsvorg{\"a}nge und f{\"u}r die Fließbedingungen der Bodenl{\"o}sung maßgeblich sind. Anderenfalls (Acker-Auengley wie in Bad Freienwalde) sind es vor allem diese substratbedingten Eigenschaften, die letztlich die stattfindende Freisetzung bestimmen. Es konnte gezeigt und best{\"a}tigt werden, dass hohe Ton und Schluffgehalte, hohe Gehalte an pedogenen, wenig kristallinen Eisenoxiden (Gley-Braunerde in Erkner), hohe Gehalte an austauschbarem Ca2+ und Mg2+ durch Adsorptions- und Ausf{\"a}llungs-prozesse zur Verrin-gerung der Freisetzung von organischem Material beitragen. Es wird in den PAK-kontaminierten B{\"o}den trotz ihrer nur geringen Wasserl{\"o}slichkeit unter Mitwirkung der organischen Substanz teilweise in großen Mengen PAK mobilisiert. Die M{\"o}glichkeit einer an den organischen Kohlenstoff gekoppelten Tiefenverlagerung bis in das Grundwasser wurde in der reliktischen Gley-Braunerde in Erkner deutlich. Vergleyte Rostbraunerden des Standortes Berlin-Britz zeigen eine durch hohe Durchl{\"a}ssigkeiten und gel{\"o}stes organisches Material beg{\"u}nstigte Verlagerung der PAK aus dem Oberboden mit dem Sickerwasser. Die Qualit{\"a}t der organischen Masse (Zersetzungsgrad) spielt neben ihrer Menge eine wesentliche Rolle f{\"u}r die Schadstoffmobilisierung. Untersuchungen zum Einfluss des l{\"o}slichen organischen Materials auf die Mobilisierung und Tiefenverlagerung von Schadstoffen m{\"u}ssen deshalb mit der standorttypischen gel{\"o}sten organischen Substanz durchgef{\"u}hrt werden, da ber{\"u}cksichtigt werden muss, dass infolge ver{\"a}nderter Umweltbedingungen auch zu Ver{\"a}nderungen an der organischen Substanz kommt, die wiederum f{\"u}r die Schadstoffmobilisierung von entscheidender Bedeutung sein k{\"o}nnen. Die statistische Auswertung des umfangreichen Datenmaterials zeigte, dass Wassergehalt und pH nur einen geringen Einfluss auf die PAK-Konzentration haben. Verbesserte Bestimmtheitsmaße werden erzielt, wenn zus{\"a}tzlich kf, TOC und Gl{\"u}hverlust in die Korrelationen einbezogen werden. Liegt eine gr{\"o}ßere, statistisch relevante Anzahl von Messwerten eines Bodentyps vor, so werden die theoretisch zu erwartenden Beziehungen zwischen den Gehalt an organischer Substanz und dem PAK-Gehalt in der Korrelation deutlich sichtbar. F{\"u}r eine weiterf{\"u}hrende Kl{\"a}rung direkter Abh{\"a}ngigkeiten zwischen Extraktionsverhalten von PAK und spezifischen Matrixeigenschaften sind Bodenproben mit definierten Korngr{\"o}ßen und Wassergehalten gezielt mit PAK zu kontaminieren und anschließend zu extrahieren.}, subject = {Brandenburg ; Bodenprofil; Polycyclische Aromaten; Transport; Probenahme; Probenahmeoptimierung; Transportverhalten; PAK-Mobilit{\"a}t; Bodenprofile; Korrelationen; Optimization of sampling; Spatially variable transport; PAH mobility; Soil profiles; Correlations}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Islam2009, author = {Islam, Md. Shafi Noor}, title = {Cultural landscape changing due to anthropogenic influences on surface water and threats to mangrove wetland ecosystems : a case study on the Sundarbans, Bangladesh}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus-5882}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2009}, abstract = {Cultural landscapes are areas of exceptional beauty, containing superlative natural phenomena and are of ecological importance. At present cultural landscapes and wetlands are the most spectacular global issues for economic growth and balancing of ecosystems. The Sundarbans has an outstanding universal value where the cultural landscape was shared by the indigenous pastoral society over thousand years ago and it is still visible. The site is representing significant ongoing ecological and biological processes in the evolution and development of mangrove ecosystems and communities of plants and animals. It is situated in the Ganges transboundary catchment which is known as the single largest stretch of productive mangrove ecosystems in the world. It covers 10,000 km² between Bangladesh and India. The Sundarbans portion of Bangladesh is about 62 \% and covers an area of 6017 km². It was declared as world natural heritage site by the UNESCO in 1997 and as a Ramsar site in 1992 already. There is an agglomeration of biodiversity with 66 different species of mangroves growing there. For comparison: 70 species of mangroves are found in the world. A large part of mangrove wetlands in Bangladesh, almost 45 \%, have disappeared within the last three decades. The Gorai River is the main tributary of the Ganges which supplies downstream freshwater to the Sundarbans and ensures the ecosystems balance in the coastal region. Since the diversion of the Ganges water at Farakka Barrage in India from early 1975, the salinity level has increased drastically in the south western part of the region. Due to the reduction of the Ganges flows the industries are facing serious problems. Inequality control of the products and fragile affects are demonstrating on agriculture, fisheries, navigation, and hydromorphology, quality of drinking water and mangrove wetlands ecosystems. As a result, about 170,000 hectares (20.4\%) of new land has been affected by various degrees of salinity during the last three decades. 38 \% of the country's territory and 33 \% of its population is already affected by salinity intrusions. The saline front defined by the 0.5 dS/m isohaline has penetrated in the Nabaganga River as far north as Magura is far from the coast (240 km). Similarly about 6 dS/m has penetrated 173 km from the Sea in the Atharobanka River to the vicinity of the off-take from the Madhumati River. The research findings are showing 10805-21610 dS/m salinity is the best productive range in Sundarbans, where only 20 \% of the area is within 32415 dS/m range of salinity and 80 \% of the area (4813.60 km²) has a salinity rate over 32414 dS/m. The dominant species Heritiera fomes and Ceriops decendra are affected by top-dying disease which is recognised as key management concern. Procedures of water salinity modelling of 13 rivers in the Sundarbans region lay out increasing salinity trends. Fourier Polynomial Models have been done on 13 rivers where the time series approach (4 years) has been considered. The results show that only one river has crossed the salinity threshold line of 20 ppt or 43,220 dS/m which was the maximum value in 2000. Whereas 6 rivers have crossed in 2001, 8 rivers have crossed in 2002 and important 11 rivers have crossed the water salinity threshold line in 2003. According to average peak values of river water salinity there are 4 rivers (basin 1, 2, 3 and 4) that are in good condition, two rivers (basin 7 and 9) carry the moderate situation and 7 rivers (basin 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12 and 13) carry the high salinity rate in the dry season, which are major threats for mangrove ecosystems in the Sundarbans. The high salinity zone is located in the south-western corner of the Sundarbans; the previous values were 38,898-54,025 dS/m while the present values are 54,025 - 69,152 dS/m. Furthermore the area has been extended from South to North and East to West direction. The Fourier Polynomial models show the cyclic increasing behaviour of water salinity in the Sundarbans Rivers. Considering the results of all models and threshold values of water salinity for the Sundarbans case, it is clearly indicated and forecasted the message that upstream fresh water supply is necessary and emergent for the protection of cultural landscapes and mangrove wetlands ecosystems in the Sundarbans region. As priority is given by surface water salinity modelling, statements are formulated to support planning activities and to protect a special natural heritage site. The findings of this study would be a potential contribution to make a comprehensive management plan for the long-term conservation and protection of the cultural landscape and mangrove wetlands ecosystem in the Sundarbans region.}, subject = {Sundarbans; Kulturlandschaft; Anthropogener Einfluss; {\"O}kosystem; Oberfl{\"a}chengew{\"a}sser; Kulturlandschaft; Sundarbans; Mangroven{\"o}kosystem; Salzgehalt; Management-Plan; Cultural landscape; Sundarbans; Mangrove wetlands ecosystems; Water salinity; Management plan}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Fongwa2011, author = {Fongwa, Ernest Anye}, title = {A business modelling approach using petri nets to preserve ecosystem services by community-based financial participation}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus-22930}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Nature protection has been a challenge for a long time due to continuous activities that reduced ecological processes and functions of the natural environment. These ecological processes and function provide huge benefits to humans and their communities known as Ecosystem Services (ES). ES are the benefits people derive from natural ecosystems. Many policy measures such as legal and voluntary protections have been used to preserve ES. But continuous increasing threats on the natural environment show that additional policy instruments are needed to achieve targets for environmental protection and sustainability. There are increasing land degradation, desertification, flooding, water shortage, climate change, which is mainly due to the sinks in ES. The problem is that ES are often considered as free goods making it different for their preservation. Even though tax policy for payment for ES has been used to encourage their preservation, they are reducing in supply. This is due to social dilemmas like differences in preferences, free riders and "tragedy of the Common" problems that are usually the case in resource distribution. Therefore tax systems may not lead to substantial preservation of ES. This has been argued on using utility theories and introduced market-base instruments for preserving ES as one way of achieving policy targets for nature protection. But for this Market for Ecosystem Services (MES) to grow, incentive and motivation schemes are needed to encourage multi-actors interaction in them. This has led to the establishment of a Community-based Financial Participation (CFP) framework as incentive and motivation schemes for business development for preserving ES. This thesis uses socio-economic and ecological concepts to argue for MES and developed a business modelling framework with Petri net. This involves multi-actors' interaction for the demand and supply for ES (multi-agent interaction) that are modelled for estimating their flows over a landscape for supporting policy targets based on market structures. It also modelled future scenario for achieving environmental balancing for preserving ES and provide a management framework for MES. The management scheme comprises of an estimating model for ES, and models for management scheme and CFP. This provides the basis of using Petri net modelling framework for CFP to foster the growth of MES as options for preserving ES. Petri nets modelling techniques is used in simulating multi-agent interaction for the demand and supply of ES that are couple with management and CFP models to form a unified system approach. Petri nets have been used in many disciplines, but this is the first attempt in its use for modelling ES. CFP has also been developed with the framework of the research for this thesis. UNESCO Biosphere Reserve Spreewald (BRSW) in the Lusatian region of south Brandenburg in Germany is taken as an experimental area for testing the concepts and models developed within the thesis research. The results of this thesis show that MES is a potential for achieving targets for preserving ES, which can contribute to nature protection. This has been justified through data sampling, analytical schemes and management support systems that have been provided in the business modelling and simulation framework in this thesis.}, subject = {Biosph{\"a}renreservat Spreewald; {\"O}kosystem; Dienstleistung; Petri-Netz; Modellierung; {\"O}kosystemdienstleistungen; Gesch{\"a}ftsmodellieren; Petrinetze; CFP; UNESCO-Biosph{\"a}renreservat Spreewald; Ecosystem services; Business modelling; Petri nets; CFP; UNESCO Biosphere Reserve Spreewald}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Filetti2017, author = {Filetti, Mirko}, title = {Open Source basierte Virtuelle Forschungsumgebungen f{\"u}r Projekte in der {\"o}kologischen Langzeitforschung : das „Rapid L-TER VRE" Baukastenkonzept zur schnellen und nachhaltigen Realisierung}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-48405}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Virtuelle Forschungsumgebungen (VRE), sind Plattformen auf Basis von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien (engl. ICT) mit ganzheitlichem Ansatz, die das wissenschaftliche Arbeiten im Team und insbesondere dessen Kommunikation und Organisation unterst{\"u}tzen sollen. Sie haben zum Ziel, schneller und besser zu nachvollziehbaren Ergebnissen zu gelangen, als bisher. Projekte in der {\"o}kologischen Langzeitforschung (engl. long-term ecological research, im Folgenden als L-TER bezeichnet) sind durch den Langzeitaspekt und Raumbezug in der Regel umfangreiche Projekte mit mittleren und großen Datenmengen (Medium Data und Big Data) sowie interdisziplin{\"a}ren, {\"o}rtlich verteilten Forschungsgruppen. Sie sind daher pr{\"a}destiniert f{\"u}r den Einsatz von VREs. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die spezifischen Aspekte und Anforderungen an virtuelle Forschungsumgebungen von L-TER Projekten im Kontext der Umweltinformatik. Dazu wird der Begriff „L-TER VRE" eingef{\"u}hrt. Grundlage hierf{\"u}r ist der Stand des Wissens zu allgemeinen VREs, Datenmanagement und ICT, die interdisziplin{\"a}r in Verbindung gebracht werden mit den Zielen, Methoden und Daten der L-TER (z.B. Analyse von Zeitreihen). Es zeigt sich, dass sich die Anforderungen an L-TER VREs - aufgrund ihres Einsatzbereiches f{\"u}r langfristige L-TER Projekte - in der Nachhaltigkeit durch ihre Persistenz (Daten, Infrastruktur), Flexibilit{\"a}t (projektspezifische Rahmenbedingungen), der eingesetzten ICT und vom Faktor „Mensch" mit seinem gesellschaftlichen Umfeld von VREs f{\"u}r andere Aufgaben unterscheiden. Aus den Erkenntnissen wird ein innovatives Baukastenkonzept mit dem Namen „Rapid L-TER VRE" zur Planung, dem Aufbau und Betrieb von L-TER VREs vorgestellt. Es basiert auf Open-Source-Software und kann durch die gemeinsame Basis der Bausteine auch f{\"u}r allgemeine VREs Verwendung finden. Da VREs oder {\"a}hnliche ICT-Infrastrukturen im Rahmen von „e-Science" als R{\"u}ckgrat f{\"u}r die Organisation der Projekte pr{\"a}destiniert sind, ist der Aufbau solcher Infrastrukturen oft schon zur Voraussetzung bei der Antragstellung von Projekten geworden. Ein Prototyp sollte daher bereits vor oder bei der Antragstellung existieren. Sp{\"a}testens zum Projektbeginn muss eine Produktivumgebung zur Verf{\"u}gung stehen. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist das Konzept „Rapid L-TER VRE" speziell f{\"u}r eine schnelle (engl. rapid) Entwicklung von VRE Prototypen mit einer kurzen {\"U}bergangsphase in den Produktivbetrieb ausgelegt. Das Baukastenkonzept wird auf verschiedene existierende Projekte im Umfeld des Fachgebietes „Environmental Informatics" und der Fakult{\"a}t „Umwelt und Naturwissenschaften" der BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg konzeptionell, sowie in der Form von Prototypen angewendet und dessen Anwendbarkeit allgemein bewertet. Aus den Erkenntnissen werden allgemeine Schlussfolgerungen in Bezug auf den Einsatz von Technologien und die Nachhaltigkeit f{\"u}r den erfolgreichen Betrieb von L-TER VREs gezogen - dabei steht der Mensch als „maßgeblicher" Faktor im Mittelpunkt.}, subject = {Virtuelle Forschungsumgebung; {\"O}kologische Langzeitforschung; Umweltinformatik; E-Science; Open-Source; Virtual research environment; Long-term ecological research; Environmental informatics; E-Science; Open-Source; Umweltinformatik; Virtuelle Forschungsumgebung}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Wagenschein2006, author = {Wagenschein, Dierk}, title = {Einfluß der Gew{\"a}ssermorphologie auf die N{\"a}hrstoffretention : Modellstudie am Beispiel der mittleren Weißen Elster}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus-216}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Hohe N{\"a}hrstoffkonzentrationen k{\"o}nnen aquatische {\"O}kosysteme stark belasten. Bei der integrierten Gew{\"a}sserbewirtschaftung kommt der Quantifizierung der nat{\"u}rlichen N{\"a}hrstoffsenken eine große Bedeutung zu. F{\"u}r den anorganischen Stickstoff sind dies die biogene Assimilation und die benthische Denitrifikation. Denitrifikation wurde bisher vor allem auf der Prozessskala untersucht, eine r{\"a}umlich differenzierte Erfassung auf mesoskaliger Ebene ist noch nicht erfolgt. Hauptziel dieser Arbeit ist die r{\"a}umlich aufgel{\"o}ste Quantifizierung des N{\"a}hrstoffumsatzes - mit besonderer Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der Stickstoffretention - am Beispiel eines 70 km langen Flussabschnitts der Weißen Elster. Dies wird anhand von L{\"a}ngsschnitt- und Tag/Nacht-Beprobungen, bei denen auch der benthische Biofilm und die Sedimente ber{\"u}cksichtigt wurden, analysiert. Der Schwerpunkt der Arbeit liegt auf der Durchf{\"u}hrung von Modellanalysen. Es wurde eine modifizierte Version des Gew{\"a}sserg{\"u}temodells WASP verwendet. Damit wurden die Sensitivit{\"a}ten morphologischer Faktoren untersucht sowie die Einfluss von Renaturierungsmaßnahmen auf den N{\"a}hrstoffhaushalt analysiert. Unter sommerlichen Verh{\"a}ltnissen wurde eine erhebliche Stickstoffretention nachge­wiesen. Auf der 70 km langen Fließstrecke werden bis zu 32\% der in das Gew{\"a}sser eingetragenen N-Fracht durch Denitrifikation eliminiert. Die Denitrifikation schwankt r{\"a}umlich sehr stark: Der Stickstoffr{\"u}ckhalt liegt zwischen 0,2 und 1,25 mgN/(l·d), die mittlere Denitrifikationsrate schwankt zwischen 240 mgN/(m2d) in einem kanalisierten Abschnitt und 639 mgN/(m2d) in einem naturnahen Bereich. Von den untersuchten morphologischen Faktoren hat die L{\"a}nge der Fließstrecke den gr{\"o}ßten Einfluss auf den Stickstoffr{\"u}ckhalt. Eine Verl{\"a}ngerung der Fließstrecke um 10\% bewirkt eine Verringerung der Nitrat-Konzentration um 2,7\%. Die Auswirkungen der im Rahmen einer Szenarienanalyse betrachteten Renaturierungs­maßnahmen auf die Stickstoffbelastung sind gering.}, subject = {Weiße Elster; N{\"a}hrstoffretention; Geomorphologie; Fließgew{\"a}sser; N{\"a}hrstoffretention; Morphologie; Gew{\"a}sserg{\"u}temodellierung; River morphology; Nitrogen retention; River water quality modelling; Model identification}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Specka2013, author = {Specka, Xenia}, title = {Analyse und Parametrisierung eines komplexen Agrar{\"o}kosystemmodells f{\"u}r Fragestellungen der {\"o}kologischen Folgeabsch{\"a}tzung des Energiepflanzenanbaus}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus-29633}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2013}, abstract = {In der vorliegenden Arbeit erfolgte sowohl eine Analyse als auch eine Weiterentwicklung des Agrar{\"o}kosystemmodells MONICA (Model for Nitrogen and Carbon in Agro-ecosystems) f{\"u}r Anwendungen im Rahmen des Energiepflanzenanbaus. Grundlage der Modellanalyse bildeten Sensitivit{\"a}tsanalysen der Modellparameter mit jeweils unterschiedlichen Fragestellungen. Es wurde eine Methode implementiert, die f{\"u}r die effiziente Durchf{\"u}hrung von Sensitivit{\"a}tsanalysen f{\"u}r komplexe dynamische {\"O}kosystemmodelle mit umfangreicher Parameteranzahl entwickelt wurde. Mittels der Sensitivit{\"a}tsanalyse wurden sowohl f{\"u}r eine Modellkalibrierung relevante Parameter identifiziert als auch das Verhalten des Modells analysiert. Dazu wurden die Morris- und die Extended FAST-Methode miteinander kombiniert. Eine eigenst{\"a}ndige Implementierung der beiden Methoden erm{\"o}glichte die Parallelisierung der Modellberechnungen und die Ausf{\"u}hrung auf einem Computer-Cluster. Im ersten Schritt der Sensitivit{\"a}tsanalyse erfolgte eine Analyse und ein Vergleich der Parametersensitivit{\"a}t f{\"u}r verschiedene Fruchtarten. Anschließend wurden diejenigen Parameter identifiziert, die f{\"u}r einzelne pflanzen- und bodenspezifische Modelloutputs sensitiv waren. In einer zus{\"a}tzlichen Sensitivit{\"a}tsanalyse wurde die Variabilit{\"a}t der Parametersensitivit{\"a}t hinsichtlich einzelner Modelloutputs in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von der Simulationszeit untersucht. Darauf aufbauend wurde der Anwendungsumfang des Modells f{\"u}r die Simulation von Energiepflanzen durch fruchtartenspezifische Optimierung der Parameter erweitert. Daf{\"u}r wurde ein allgemeiner Ansatz entwickelt, der eine Kalibrierung von MONICA unter Verwendung einer eingeschr{\"a}nkten Datenbasis erm{\"o}glichte. F{\"u}r die entwickelten Modellparameters{\"a}tze der untersuchten Fruchtarten erfolgte eine Validierung an unabh{\"a}ngigen Daten. Es wurde gezeigt, dass f{\"u}r die neuen Energiepflanzen mit MONICA sowohl eine gute Abbildung der Ertragsbildungs- als auch der Bodenwasserdynamik erzielt wird. Abschließend erfolgte eine theoretische Untersuchung verschiedener Ans{\"a}tze zur Modellvereinfachung und deren Anwendbarkeit in MONICA. Zum einen wurden Ans{\"a}tze zur Verbesserung des Quellcodes analysiert, die auf eine Verbesserung der Nutzung und Weiterentwickelbarkeit des Modells abzielten. Zum anderen wurden M{\"o}glichkeiten zur Vereinfachung der Modellanwendung durch Reduktion des Modellfunktionsumfangs vorgestellt.}, subject = {Energiepflanzen; Parametrisierung; Sensitivit{\"a}tsanalyse; Agrar{\"o}kosystemmodell; MONICA; Modellkomplexit{\"a}t; Parametrisierung; Sensitivity analysis; Agro-ecosystem model; MONICA; Model complexity; Parameterisation}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Lindenschmidt2006, author = {Lindenschmidt, Karl-Erich}, title = {River water quality modelling for river basin and water resources management with a focus on the Saale River, Germany}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-45959}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2006}, abstract = {This thesis focuses on computer modelling issues such as i) uncertainty, including uncertainty in parameters, data input and model structure, ii) model complexity and how it affects uncertainty, iii) scale, as it pertains to scaling calibrated and validated models up or down to different spatial and temporal resolutions, and iv) transferability of a model to a site of the same scale. The discussion of these issues is well established in the fields of hydrology and hydrogeology but has found less application in river water quality modelling. This thesis contributes to transferring these ideas to river modelling and to discuss their utilization when simulating river water quality. In order to provide a theoretical framework for the discussion of these topics several hypotheses have been adapted and extended. The basic principle is that model error decreases and sensitivity increases as a model becomes more complex. This behaviour is modified depending if the model is being upscaled or downscaled or is being transferred to a different application site. A modelling exercise of the middle and lower Saale River in Germany provides a case study to test these hypotheses. The Saale is ideal since it has gained much attention as a test case for river basin management. It is heavily modified and regulated, has been overly polluted in the past and contains many contaminated sites. High demands are also placed on its water resources. To provide discussion of some important water management issues pertaining to the Saale River, modelling scenarios using the Saale models have been included to investigate the impact of a reduction in non-point nutrient loading and the removal and implementation of lock-and-weir systems on the river.}, subject = {Water resources management; Water quality; High level architecture (HLA); Saale River; Eutrophication; Saale; Hydrologie; Computersimulation; Saale; Wasserqualit{\"a}t; Eutrophierung; Wasserressourcen-Management}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{GomezJaureguiAbdo2015, author = {G{\´o}mez J{\´a}uregui Abd{\´o}, Juan Pablo}, title = {Sustainable development of domestic water supply in emerging megacities : the case of the city of Guadalajara, Mexico}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-36075}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Water is a primordial resource for the development of urban agglomerations. Today, 50\% of the population worldwide is concentrated in urban settlements and 10 - 20\% of all worldwide freshwater consumption occurs in the domestic sector (UN: World water development report 3). By 2030, 60\% of the world's population will be living in urban settlements (UNESCO), and domestic freshwater consumption will rise by 70\% in 2025. Urban areas inflict high pressure on the local and even regional water sources, since the high population density requires large flow volumes in a restricted area, with often competing pressures on the water resource per se as well as for the space needed for water storage or aquifer recharge. This becomes complicated and even critical in areas where natural water availability is already scarce and urban demand is high due to large population sizes. Today 700 million people in 43 countries are living in water stress condition (Human Development Report 2006). Mexico, ranking 88 on a global scale in water availability per capita, is a clear example of this situation, where the most populated urban settlements, such as Mexico City, Monterrey, Guadalajara, Puebla or Queretaro are located in regions which concentrate only 31\% of the renewable water of the country (CONAGUA). Thus, the main question arises: How will the urban settlements develop a sustainable water supply now and in the future? The city of Guadalajara, in particular, has seen an extremely fast and chaotic development in the past three decades, where the population of the city increased from 1,354,000 inhabitants in 1970 to 4,064,000 in 2005; by 2020 Guadalajara is expected to overpass the 5 million inhabitants thus becoming a megacity. Nowadays, overall water consumption in the city is about 9.3 m3/sec. and it is estimated to be 10.3 m3/sec by 2030, with Lake Chapala as the main water source, supplying 55\% of the water demand. However, Lake Chapala has been confronted with several severe droughts which critically lowered its water table as was the case between 1998 and 2003 and due to its weak equilibrium droughts could be more recurrent in the future. As the water supply of Guadalajara is strongly linked to the faith of Lake Chapala, Guadalajara needs to reduce its pressure on the lake by adopting strategies based on sustainable development. The main goal of this research is to provide governments and decision makers with a robust tool that integrates the most amount of information possible but presents this information in a simple way, offering at the same time the possibility to detect the factors that need to be addressed in order to reach sustainability. The specific aim is to test the use of composite indices (CIs) to the case of the city of Guadalajara in the period of the year 2000 to 2009. CI is a holistic methodology in which independent variables can be aggregated into a single result. CIs thus allow for the comparison between different cases, the integration of qualitative and quantitative variables and the easy use by decision makers. We used 11 carefully selected variables from all three sectors of sustainability, economical, ecological and social, which were first normalized using ranging procedures and process capability indices, and aggregated by using the weighted geometric mean. A set of best strategies Guadalajara should follow are suggested in order to have a sustainable water supply in the future. With this study, we have been able to show that CIs are an effective tool for evaluating sustainability of domestic freshwater supply at local scale. Overall, Guadalajara reached a CI of 0.29 showing, that its domestic water supply is currently not sustainable. It was able to identify the following three main problems: a) lack of wastewater treatment with just less than 3\% of the waste water being treated; b) water loss in the distribution system, with 34\% of the water extracted being lost at some point in the distribution system (during treatment, in the pipelines and dweller connection to the distribution net); c) water availability, with increased flow volumes of Lake Chapala in the last six years, but only surpassing its natural storage twice (2004 and 2009). Nonetheless, a clear trend of continuous improvement could be seen overall in the past years with a decline in the domestic water consumption per capita to levels comparable to the one in Berlin, as a consequence of people awareness after the several drought Lake Chapala suffered in the beginning of the decade, and an increase in the level of access to piped water and connectivity to the drainage system to 94\% of the city's coverage in 2009 (on year 1990, the access to piped water was 89\% and the connectivity to the drainage system was 92\%).}, subject = {Sustainable development; Composite indices; Metropolitan zone of Guadalajara; Process capability indices; Domestic water supply; Nachhaltige Entwicklung; Gesamtindexes; Großstadtareal von Guadalajara; Prozessf{\"a}higkeitsindizes; H{\"a}usliche Wasserversorgung; Guadelajara; Haushalt; Trinkwasserversorgung; Nachhaltige Entwicklung}, language = {en} }