@phdthesis{WankiAteghang2016, author = {Wanki Ateghang, Emmanuel}, title = {Influence of the German renewable energy and climate policies on onshore wind energy generation: Implementation options in Cameroon}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-38718}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2016}, abstract = {The German government has set ambitious targets for wind energy expansion and has implemented policy schemes aimed at facilitating market deployment of wind-generated electricity. Data on German wind energy market has shown that, wind energy generating capacity is increasing correspondingly towards the targeted values. Germany is the largest wind energy market in the EU (wind energy accounting for about 10\% of the total electricity consumption in Germany) with an installed capacity of about 38.2 GW onshore by the close of 2014. The success of these policies has prompted other countries globally to adopt similar support schemes for renewable energies. However, the rapid growth of wind energy generation in Germany equally faces numerous challenges. Some of these problems are inherent to the wind energy technology while others are caused by the very policies instruments used to support wind energy expansion, such as limited availability of designated areas for wind energy development, non-uniform regulations, and rising prices. The objective of this research, therefore, is to assess the impact of the German energy and environmental policies on onshore wind energy development and to explore implementation options of the German model in Cameroon. This research has examined the German onshore wind energy sector from a policy perspective based on existing literature, semi-structured interviews with major stakeholders, a case study of Brandenburg and a survey, with the aim of investigating the acceptance of wind energy and challenges the developers are facing. Based on the study results, it can be affirmed that the future growth of the German onshore market will come from flexible government policies, which may offer fewer incentives to investors. Indeed, the cost of electricity from renewable energy technologies in Germany is in some cases already below retail rates. There is the need, therefore, to pursue strategic programmes that enhances market integration of wind energy. Furthermore, the study results equally shows that the German feed-in tariff based support scheme in its current form, cannot be implemented in Cameroon. This is because, the purchasing power of the Cameroonian population and the economic constraints of the government, makes it difficult or even impossible to adopt the current EEG model in Cameroon where often, basic needs are subsidized.}, subject = {Renewable energy; Renewable energy source act; Wind energy; Wind energy acceptance; Cameroon renewable energy potential; Erneuerbare Energie-Gesetz; Windenergieertrag; Windenergieakzeptanz in Brandenburg; Windenergieausbau; Kamerun; Deutschland; Brandenburg; Kamerun; Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz; Windenergie; Energiemarkt}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{NyambiAnaka2018, author = {Nyambi Anaka, Regina Edawa}, title = {Forest conservation and management practices in Cameroon: Case study of Bimbia-Bonadikombo Community Forest and Takamanda National Park}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-5011}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-50112}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Cameroon's forest is one of the richest ecosystems in the Congo Basin and in Africa as a whole in terms of its biodiversity. These forest types are currently subjected to multiple categories of threats. By enacting a new forestry law in 1994, the government of Cameroon intended to intensify efforts toward the protection and conservation of this rich biodiversity. This study aimed to compare two forest management systems, a state management system (the case of Takamanda National Park) and a community-based management system (the case of Bimbia- Bonadikombo Community Forest), to determine which management system better conserves and protects the forest against biodiversity loss. The study applied a methodological framework that made use of selected indicators and criteria to evaluate the extent of sustainability of the two forest management systems and challenges faced in implementing them. Both quantitative and qualitative results were realized through the administration of questionnaires, semi-structure interview and in-depth contents analysis of Law No.94-1 of 20th January 1994 that lays down forestry, wildlife and fisheries regulations and the 1996 Environmental Management Law that directs Cameroon's compliance to the international standard of protecting the environment.Results indicated that community-based system of forest management is a much more sustainable approach of forest management than a state management system. Based on the criterion of cultural values attributed to natural resources in the community-based management zone (Bimbia- Bonadikombo Community Forest), 78.2\% of the local communities were more willing to protect biodiversity as opposed to 48.3\% from state management zone (Takamanda National Park). This study found that the level of participation in the community-based management system was much more inclusive and transparent. On the other hand, in the state management system, a high level of corruption, lack of transparency, delayed and irregular salaries of forest guards and minimal participation of local communities in forest management decision-making was noted and likely responsible for the ineffectiveness and unsustainable management efforts in this system. The study recommends the adoption and implementation of a more inclusive, transparent and accountable management in the state managed system (Takamada national park), particularly the full involvement of respected Elites, Chiefs and Traditional Councils.}, subject = {Conservation; Biodiversity; Forest Management; Cameroon; Sustainability; Naturschutz; Biodiversit{\"a}t; Wald; Kamerun; Nachhaltigkeit; Kamerun; Forstwirtschaft; Biodiversit{\"a}t; Nachhaltigkeit}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Mordhorst2022, author = {Mordhorst, Annegret}, title = {Die F{\"o}rderung erneuerbarer Energien durch die RL 2009/28/EG und ihre Weiterentwicklung : Perspektiven f{\"u}r kleine Akteure}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6147}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-61478}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Ziel der Arbeit war es, die Perspektiven f{\"u}r Erneuerbare-Energien-Anlagen kleiner Akteure wie Prosumenten unter dem neuen Rechtsrahmen zur F{\"o}rderung erneuerbarer Energien zu untersuchen und einen Ausblick zu geben, wie die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen im deutschen F{\"o}rdersystem, konkret mit dem EEG, umgesetzt werden k{\"o}nnen. Das erste Kapitel befasst sich mit den wichtigsten EU-Rechtsvorschriften im Bereich der erneuerbaren Energien. Massnahmen sowohl auf der Primar- als auch auf der Sekundarstufe waren in diesem Zusammenhang wichtig. Auf der Prim{\"a}rebene, d. Oh Dokumenth. auf der Ebene des EU-Vertrags, spielt der Energieartikel des Artikels 194 AEUV eine zentrale Rolle. Der sekund{\"a}re Rechtsrahmen f{\"u}r die F{\"o}rderung von Energie aus erneuerbaren Quellen besteht im Wesentlichen aus der Richtlinie 2009/28/EG und der Richtlinie zur F{\"o}rderung von Energie aus erneuerbaren Quellen, die am 21. Dezember 2018 in Kraft getreten sind. In diesem Kapitel erfolgt eine Untersuchung der Unterschiede zwischen den wichtigsten Richtlinien aus dem Jahr 2009 und der Neufassung der Richtlinie aus dem Jahr 2018. Dazu geh{\"o}rten insb. die Bereiche Eigenversorgung und erneuerbare Energiegemeinschaften. Im weiteren Verlauf der Arbeiten wurden die europ{\"a}ischen Vorgaben zur Eigenversorgung von Strom aus erneuerbaren Energien sowie die Bestimmungen f{\"u}r Erneuerbare-Energien-Gemeinden mit den deutschen Vorgaben des Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetzes in der Fassung 2021 verglichen. Der Vergleich zeigte, dass die deutschen Anforderungen weitgehend den europ{\"a}ischen entsprechen, dass es aber noch einige Unterschiede gibt, die vom deutschen Gesetzgeber noch umgesetzt werden m{\"u}ssen, damit die kleinen Akteure das vom europ{\"a}ischen Gesetzgeber einger{\"a}umte Potenzial voll aussch{\"o}pfen k{\"o}nnen. Zus{\"a}tzlich zu diesen Kernpunkten wurden folgende Fragen angesprochen. Wie sollte Energie aus erneuerbaren Quellen gef{\"o}rdert werden? Wird die Einspeisungspriorit{\"a}t weiterhin bestehen, und wenn ja, unter welchen Bedingungen? Wie werden Erneuerbare-Energien-Anlagen zuk{\"u}nftig im Engpassmanagement behandelt und wie werden die Verwaltungsverfahren f{\"u}r die Genehmigung von Erneuerbare-Energien-Projekten gestaltet? Auch diese Fragestellungen wurden durch einen Vergleich mit den aktuellen Anforderungen des Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetzes vertieft und kamen zu dem Ergebnis, dass die deutschen Anforderungen des Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetzes den europ{\"a}ischen Anforderungen entsprechen. Die Arbeit endete mit einer Exkursion. Der rechtliche Hintergrund des EU-weit verbindlichen Ziels f{\"u}r den Anteil erneuerbarer Energien am Bruttoendenergieverbrauch von 32 Umschalttaste \% bis 2030 wurde n{\"a}her untersucht.}, subject = {Erneuerbare Energien; Renewable energies; Energiekompetenz; Energy authority; Mitgliedsstaaten; Member state; Europ{\"a}ische Union; Energierecht; Energiepolitik; Elektrizit{\"a}tsmarkt; Prosumerismus}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Li2013, author = {Li, Juan}, title = {Development and pilot application of a measurement and benchmarking method for the sustainable consumption of household information and communication technology appliances}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-31745}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2013}, abstract = {The rapidly developed Information and Communication Technology (ICT) products have made great contributions in various application areas. However, the related problems in the consumption of household ICT appliances are crucial to economy, environment and society. As concluded from literature review of practice, assessment and legislation, there is obvious lack of information and understanding of the household consumption pattern of the ICT appliance in a more systematic "life-cycle thinking" approach - from purchase, usage to end-of-life, in environmental-social- economic three dimensional perspective. This deficiency could lead to ineffective policy programmes and implementation. This exploratory study tentatively develops a measurement and benchmarking method, named as Sustainable Consumption Index (SCIndex) model, aiming at improving knowledge and holistic understanding of consumption patterns of household ICT appliances along the value chain in global or regional consumers' households. This dissertation accomplishes the preliminary design of the SCIndex model and its pilot application with a global Internet survey on consumer behavior for detailed analysis, such as, cross-cultural comparison, three stages analysis (purchase, usage and end-of- life), and total SCIndex score benchmarking and analysis. This study identified that overall consumption patterns of household ICT appliances in the developed countries are not necessarily more sustainable than in the developing countries, if all the stages of consumption are overviewed. The findings contribute to the gaps in knowledge of underlying behavioral factors that influence sustainable consumption of household ICT appliances entirely or in any stage; furthermore, they sketch out the national profiles and improvable aspects on the path of more sustainable consumption. The SCIndex model and pilot application stress the importance and provide empirical evidence to support concrete modelling with a multifaceted approach in measurement and benchmarking of household ICT appliances' life-cycle consumption for "going beyond GDP". The model is suggested to be optimized in sampling, design and structure, data analysis methods and the implementation. To efficiently promote sustainable consumption of the household ICT appliances, the pilot application provides further recommendations to the engaged stakeholders that include: i) sufficiency in purchase; ii) efficient usage; iii) responsible disposal; iv) smooth channels for reuse; v) further in-depth researches and projects.}, subject = {Hausger{\"a}t; Informationstechnik; Verbrauch; Benchmarking; Sustainable consumption; Household; ICT appliances; Nachhaltiger Konsum; Haushalt; ICT-Ger{\"a}te}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Kriger2024, author = {Kriger, Margarita}, title = {Geothermal energy and policy incentive : sustainable development in the agri-food sector. A study of twelve case countries}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6682}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-66824}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Due to environmental impacts from anthropomorphic climate change, countries from around the world are committed to an energy transition from fossil fuels to renewable and sustainable energy sources. The heating and cooling sector represents the largest share of total energy consumption globally, not only for domestic use but also for commercial and industrial purposes of which only 11\% is covered by renewable energy. One renewable source, geothermal energy, has the potential to cover much of this demand, particularly heating demand, for the agriculture and food sector. Geothermal use in the agri-food industry continues to be positive overall, yet slow adoption and inconsistent growth have not met its potential as claimed by experts. This trend may be explained by a lack of coherent policy and initiatives from regulating government bodies. This research explores the relationship and the degree of correlation between government support, expressed in terms of policy incentives, and the growth of geothermal energy use in the agri-food sector. Two hypotheses are constructed to test this relationship. The first assumes that government support through policy leads to positive growth in geothermal argi-food, and the second assumes that no relationship exists. The research is a multiple case study of twelve countries from 2010 to 2020. Methods used in this study include Likert summative scale, a statistical and content analysis of secondary sources such as policy documents, laws, and other government acts. The results show a strong correlation between policy incentives and adoption of geothermal energy in agri-food sector. However, only 23\% of growth in capacity in case countries can be explained by the levels of government support. Additionally, not all policies hold equal weight in that they are implemented on different levels of governance (global, national, and local). The study observes that between these three levels, national policies have the most correlative effect on geothermal energy adoption, while global and local policies do not seem to have significant influence. These effects vary but the overall market trends are influenced heavily by leading performers. Countries that show the most growth are - Hungary, Iceland, the Netherlands, and T{\"u}rkiye. They all share strong government support on a national level, targeted policies for geothermal agri-food, and geothermal energy is economically competitive when compared to other forms of energy.}, subject = {Agri-food sector; Staatliche Unterst{\"u}tzung; Government support; Geothermal energy; Sustainable development; Government policies; Geothermie; Nachhaltige Entwicklung; Agrar- und Ern{\"a}hrungswirtschaft; Staatliche Maßnahmen; Geothermische Energie; Ern{\"a}hrungswirtschaft; Landwirtschaft; Energiewende; Energiepolitik}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Kotman2017, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Kotman, Lea Katharina}, title = {Der Arbeitnehmer in der „Platform Economy" - Eine rechtliche Untersuchung des Arbeitnehmerbegriffs am Beispiel des Fahrdienstes Uber}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-44350}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit widmet sich der Arbeitgeber-Arbeitnehmer-Problematik innerhalb der Platform Economy (Plattform{\"o}konomie) unter Verwendung des Carsharing-Dienstes Uber. Der Ausgangspunkt dieser Arbeit ist die Frage, ob Plattformbetreiber {\"u}ber ihre Pflichten als Plattformbetreiber hinaus noch weitere Rechtspflichten, wie etwa arbeitsrechtliche Pflichten, treffen? Denn je mehr sich jemand anmaßt, vorzuschreiben, wie ein anderer seine Leistung zu erbringen hat, desto eher erscheint der Vorwurf begr{\"u}ndet, dass der Diktierende als Arbeitgeber zu qualifizieren ist. M{\"o}gliche Rechtsfolgen eines bestehenden Arbeitgeber-Arbeitnehmer-Verh{\"a}ltnisses sind bspw. die Entgeltfortzahlung im Krankheitsfall, der K{\"u}ndigungsschutz sowie der Mindestlohn. Die daraus abgeleitete Untersuchungsfrage der Arbeit lautet daher, unter welchen Voraussetzungen Nutzer von Plattformdiensten im Verh{\"a}ltnis zu Plattformbetreibern Arbeitnehmer im Sinne des Arbeitsrechts sein k{\"o}nnen und somit ein Arbeitgeber-Arbeitnehmer-Verh{\"a}ltnis besteht. Den Ansatzpunkt hierf{\"u}r bildet die arbeitsrechtliche Begutachtung der Arbeitnehmereigenschaft im ersten Kapitel. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse werden sodann im zweiten Kapitel auf die F{\"a}lle der Platform Economy am Beispiel des Fahrdienstes Uber angewandt, wobei nicht nur der aktuelle Stand in Deutschland, sondern auch die ausl{\"a}ndische Rechtsprechung begutachtet wird. Den Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit bildet eine anschließende Bewertung derjenigen Aspekte, die in der zuvor untersuchten Rechtsprechung und Literatur zur Bejahung oder Verneinung der Arbeitnehmereigenschaft im Falle von Uber als entscheidend angesehen werden. Im dritten Kapitel zeigen die bewerteten Untersuchungsergebnisse, dass Arbeitnehmer nach dem Uber-Modell entgegen der damaligen Unternehmenspraxis weitgehend als Arbeitnehmer im Arbeitsrecht einzustufen sind. F{\"u}r die Einstufung als Arbeitnehmer ist vor allem das Element der pers{\"o}nlichen Abh{\"a}ngigkeit entscheidend. Hiernach sind Uber-Fahrer besonders der methodischen und inhaltlichen Weisungsgebundenheit unterlegen, welche hier entscheidend sind f{\"u}r die Bejahung der Arbeitnehmerstellung. Durch die konkreten Einfluss- und Regulierungsmaßnahmen Uber's auf die Fahrer sowie der Außendarstellung der Firma stehen die Fahrer also in einem Arbeitgeber-Arbeitnehmer-Verh{\"a}ltnis zu Uber. Das erreichte Ergebnis hat zudem Auswirkungen auf zuk{\"u}nftige Modelle entsprechender Art. Entscheidend sind hierbei die Vertragsbedingungen f{\"u}r Unternehmen, die entsprechende Dienste in Zukunft anbieten wollen.}, subject = {Arbeitnehmerbegriff; Arbeitsrecht; Uber; Sharing Economy; Personenbef{\"o}rderung; Arbeitnehmer; Arbeitsrecht}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Goebelbecker2016, author = {Goebelbecker, Joel}, title = {Risk management of nanotechnologies within German legislation}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-40795}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Nanotechnologies allow for the production of completely new materials in a wide range of industries and technical fields and are also recognised as one of the most important technological sectors for the future. The growing nanotechnological industry is rapidly generating new forms of materials; however, little is known about the behaviour of these substances, in particular their particle form and their impact on different ecological systems and the life within them. Concerns have been raised about the safety and regulation of nanomaterials, following a number of studies that indicated that some nanomaterials are able to cause adverse effects on living objects. This data, as well as increasing production volumes and commercialisation, the capability of crossing biological barriers and the increased physico-chemical activities of nanoparticles, when compared to their bulk counterparts, have triggered concern (Bar{\´o} et al., 2001; Kear et al., 2012) about their impacts on health and safety. In Germany, nanoparticles, nanotechnological products, their production processes and their disposal are generally subject to the prevailing law of the German legal system, especially with respect to the authorization of equipment, permissions regarding chemicals and other product groups, and the protection of employees and the environment. With regard to nanotechnologies, however, the question arises as to whether the present legal regulations are adequate, and/or whether regulative gaps occur because of specific new products, materials or process characteristics. Accordingly, based on the analysis of the relevant state-of-the-art technology and science, and an evaluation of existing, as well as projectable, future national legislation on this matter, this work aims to identify regulative gaps in the relevant standardisation procedures and to point out possible adjustments. Although nanomaterials are covered by the general scope of many of the existing legislative frameworks, it is often unclear if current regulation is actually applicable for specific questions of nanomaterials and their diverse applications. In particular, there is a lack of sufficient knowledge of the risks, which could lead to imbalanced legal protection against any threats that may arise. However, it is recognised that adjustments are needed, and legal amendments have been repeatedly proposed by expert committees, policymakers, industry members and non-governmental organisations (European Parliament, 2009). Nonetheless, very few revisions have been made to date, so the existing regulations are not considered adequate to deal with all kinds of nanomaterials in both the short and long term. Current legislation needs to be adapted immediately to reflect the challenges posed by current nanomaterials and their applications.}, subject = {Legal; Legislation; Nano; Nanotechnology; Risk; Recht; Rechtsordnung; Nano; Nanotechnologie; Risiko; Deutschland; Nanotechnologie; Risiko; Rechtssystem}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Gliem2022, author = {Gliem, Silvia}, title = {Shaping the customer-provider relationship in service : frontline employees as key drivers for the improvement of service productivity}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6306}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-63067}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Between 2000 and 2015, the services sector grew by 23\% in OECD countries, with around two-thirds of the working population employed in this sector. In the European Union, 72.1\% of the labor force worked in the services sector in 2018. With a growing global population, the demand for services is also increasing, making increasing service productivity an important research goal. Public and private service companies are subject to different incentive structures that influence their approach to productivity. Public service enterprises, especially in the social, health, and education sectors, play a critical role in society. Improving public service productivity is therefore essential. Two research questions are addressed: What factors have the greatest impact on the performance of service workers? How can performance improvement be expressed by managing the influencing factors of frontline employees? By focusing on frontline employees, this dissertation recognizes their essential role in increasing service productivity. The goal of the thesis is to gain insight into the factors that influence their productivity in public service. The dissertation reviews service productivity models in detail. Differences and connections between the various models and schools of models are discussed. Gr{\"o}nroos and Ojasalo's model of service productivity is selected as the theoretical framework for the empirical study to examine the factors influencing frontline employees. The systematic selection of influencing factors as well as the evaluation of previous research on these factors, reveals research gaps, which are translated into hypotheses. The majority of the data for the empirical part comes from public service companies. The designed questionnaire serves as a starting point for the development of a scale for empirical validation for one part, a component of the Gr{\"o}nroos-Ojasalo model. The research results offer a basis for action for practitioners who want to achieve productivity improvements.}, subject = {Service productivity; Frontline employee; Service quality; Service productivity model; Dienstleistungsproduktivit{\"a}t; Kundenkontaktmitarbeiter; Dienstleistungsqualit{\"a}t; {\"O}ffentliche Dienstleistung; Produktivit{\"a}t; Qualit{\"a}t; Angestellter; Kunde}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{GalloBarbosaLima2017, author = {Gallo Barbosa Lima, Patricia}, title = {Brazil in the global forest governance: the Brazilian initiative of developing a national strategy on REDD+ policies}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-43989}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) is now a significant piece of the international climate agreement. This present dissertation aims to investigate the overall framework of REDD+ development as a national strategy in Brazil. Moreover, it focuses on identifying the major challenges and policy constraints of this development design process. A further aim is at the end of the research to proffer pathways for improvement of domestic forest governance in Brazil. Using the sustainable forest landscape governance approach as the overarching conceptual for an effective REDD+ implementation within the Brazilian context and, building on this analysis, the conclusions advance some considerations on what features should be prioritized in the development and establishment of the Brazilian REDD+ national strategy. This dissertation is a grounded theoretical analysis and is centered on the conception that although REDD+ is strongly treated by the Federal Government as an expansion of it's actions with regard to sustainable development, by turning forests into an economic asset and strengthening institutions and laws, it is much more likely that Brazil can deal with the environmental challenges it has been facing.}, subject = {REDD+; Landscape approach; Forest governance; Brazil; Grounded analysis; REDD+; Landschaftsansatz; Wald-Governance; Brasilien; Grundlegende theoretische Analyse; REDD; Landschaftsanalyse; Brasilien; Wald{\"o}kosystem; Umweltpolitik}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Gaillard2014, author = {Gaillard, B{\´e}n{\´e}dicte}, title = {Conflictive delisting process of a World Heritage Site in Germany: the case of the Dresden Elbe Valley}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-30314}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2014}, abstract = {This research comprises an analysis concerning the conflict between the State Party Germany to the World Heritage Convention and UNESCO in the case of the Dresden Elbe Valley. Through a historical and legal analysis, this research aims to ascertain the reasons for this conflict, as well as the impossibility of finding a compromise. First, the conflict in the core of the Dresden Elbe Valley World Heritage Site caused by the construction of the Waldschl{\"o}ßchenbr{\"u}cke, which is the object of study in this research, is anchored in its context of the City of Dresden. Thus, the object of the conflict, the Waldschl{\"o}ßchenbr{\"u}cke, is presented in its historical and geo-spatial context in order to shed light on the elements that triggered the conflict. Secondly, the conflict is anchored within the German legal context through the analysis of the legal procedures concerning the binding effects of the World Heritage Convention for the Federal Republic of Germany and the environmental concerns rendered by the construction of the Waldschl{\"o}ßchenbr{\"u}cke. Based on legal commentaries of the courts' decisions, a discussion on the non-transposition of the World Heritage concepts in the Federal Republic of Germany is implemented. Thirdly, the State Party Germany to the World Heritage Convention and UNESCO are confronted. A review of the concept of cultural landscape in the context of the World Heritage Convention, adapted to the case of the Dresden Elbe Valley, is first implemented. Subsequently, a commentary on the legally binding effects for the States Parties to the World Heritage Convention is elaborated upon, as well as a deconstruction of the step-by-step decisions from the inscription to the delisting of the Dresden Elbe Valley from the World Heritage List. Fourthly, an evaluation is developed concerning the concept of Historic Urban Landscape as an action plan capable of solving the conflict between urban development and heritage protection, and adapted to the German context. Finally, as a conclusion to this research, recommendations are drawn based on the conflict opposing UNESCO and the State Party Germany to the World Heritage Convention towards the Dresden Elbe Valley. These recommendations are addressed to the City of Dresden, the Free State of Saxony, the Federal Republic of Germany and UNESCO.}, subject = {Cultural Landscapes; Delisting of a World Heritage Site; Dresden Elbe Valley; Historic Urban Landscape; World Heritage Convention; Aberkennung einer Welterbest{\"a}tte; Dresdner Elbtal; Historische Stadtlandschaft; Kulturlandschaft; Welterbekonvention; Convention du Patrimoine Mondial; D{\´e}sinscription d'un site du patrimoine mondial; Paysage culturel; Paysage urbain historique; Vall{\´e}e de l'Elbe {\`a} Dresde; Dresdner Elbtal; Weltkulturerbe}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Ezeamama2021, author = {Ezeamama, Anayo}, title = {Evaluating policy impacts of minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) on Nigeria's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) to the Paris Agreement}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-5459}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-54598}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The Nigerian government has commenced the development of minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) as part of measures to achieve the energy and emissions savings target established in Nigeria's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) to the Paris Agreement. It is expected that the implementation of MEPS will also help to address the challenges of unreliability of electricity supply and facilitate the desired energy-efficient appliance market transformation. The MEPS currently covers the three most energy-consuming electrical products in households (lighting, refrigerators, and air conditioners). This research relied on data collected from the survey of 384 households in the case study area of Enugu to study the policy impacts of the current MEPS and identify the potential for its improvement. The research also, empirically, investigated policy and institutional barriers against appliance energy efficiency improvement in the country. Three different policy scenarios were conceptualized to model the policy impacts of current MEPS: a scenario assuming no MEPS or a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, a policy scenario (PS) that considers the current MEPS, and an aggressive policy scenario (APS) that assumes the scaling up of the current MEPS to more stringent levels. The policy analysis modeling system (PAMS) was adopted to study the impacts of MEPS considering a policy implementation period of 2019 through 2030. The United Nations' integrated policy framework was also adopted as evaluation criteria to identify policy gaps in the existing policy measures and the identification of possible policy overlaps was conducted using content analysis. Based on the results, the implementation of the current standards would reduce annual residential electricity demand in the surveyed households by 37\% compared to BAU. National-level policy impacts show that the implementation of more stringent MEPS would contribute about 11.3\% of the national emissions reduction target reached in Nigeria's NDC. The research also finds out that key policy instruments (such as financial incentives) are still in their planning stages. Furthermore, the result from the content analysis reveals that the assigned institutional roles for the advancement of end-use energy efficiency are in some cases, not based on the statutory mandates of the respective institutions which create room for possible overlaps. To close the existing energy efficiency gaps and achieve effective energy-efficient appliance market transformation, the research underscores the need for a large-scale appliance market assessment to understand current baseline efficiency levels which will guide future policy designs and ensure that MEPS remain effective. The research also recommends key possible frameworks that can guide the design and implementation of financial incentive instruments to make energy-efficient investments more attractive.}, subject = {Mindeststandards f{\"u}r die Gesamtenergieeffizienz; Auswirkungen der Politik; Nationally Determined Contribution; Pariser Abkommen; Haushaltsger{\"a}te; Minimum Energy Performance Standards; Policy impacts; Nationally Determined Contribution; Paris Agreement; Appliances; Nigeria; Klimaabkommen von Paris; Energieeffizienz; Emissionsverringerung; Elektrisches Haushaltsger{\"a}t; Elektrizit{\"a}tsversorgung}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Enow2023, author = {Enow, Ernest Ako}, title = {Possible synergy between FLEGT-VPA \& REDD+ towards improving forest governance framework in Cameroon}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6536}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-65364}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Illegal logging is seen as a serious impediment to achieving sustainable management of forests in the tropics. In addition, deforestation contributes in increasing carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere, resulting to biodiversity loss and climate change. Illegal logging and deforestation have affected Cameroon's forest ecosystem negatively since the mid-1980s as a result of the economic crises, which intensified the exploitation of forest resources for multiple purposes. In response, some policy initiatives came up such as FLEGT-VPA and REDD+ to fight against the threats. It is due to the above background that this study was designed to examine the possible synergy between FLEGT-VPA and REDD+ towards improving the forest governance framework in Cameroon. The first part of the study assesses FLEGT-VPA in Cameroon with the application of interviews of key informants who were involved in the negotiation process of the EU-Cameroon Voluntary Partnership Agreement. The second part of the study assesses the management of Bimbia Bonadikombo Community Forest (BBCF), as one of the REDD+ pilot project sites around Mount Cameroon in the South West Region of Cameroon. The use of surveys, content analysis, and observations seeks to assess these two initiatives in their role in improving forest governance in Cameroon. The first part of the research reveals that since Cameroon ratified the FLEGT-VPA in 2011, there has been progressed concerning stakeholder participation in forest-related issues. Again, the study also reveals challenges faced with the setting up of a system to verify timber from legal origin as recommended by the European Union. The research further reveals a lack of commitment by the government in revising the current forest policies and re-organizing the domestic market for timber trade as part of the commitment made by the government during the ratification of the FLEGT-VPA. The second part of the study finds that the management of BBCF is not governed by the provision of the Cameroon community forestry manual or by its bylaws posing doubts if community forestry can halt emissions of greenhouse gases caused by deforestation, thus helping REDD+ achieve its objectives. The study recommends the need for rapid policy reform and a cross-sectoral transformation to enable FLEGT-VPA and REDD+ to synergize for a better policy outcome on issues concerning forestry and climate change.}, subject = {Cameroon; FLEGT-VPA; REDD+; Illegal logging; Policy; Kamerun; Illegale Abholzung; Entwaldung; Politik; Kamerun; Umweltpolitik; Forstverwaltung; Rodung; Kohlendioxidemission; Klima{\"a}nderung; REDD; Forstrecht}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Egute2012, author = {Egute, Terence Onang}, title = {Modern law and local tradition in forest heritage conservation in Cameroon : the case of Korup}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus-27274}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Cameroon's forests are exceptionally rich in biodiversity but are among the most threatened forests in the Congo Basin. To safeguard the country's forest heritage, the government resorted to the creation of protected areas such as the Korup National Park (KNP) but ignored the local traditional system of natural resource management and relied merely on modern law for its protection. But the protection of the park only through modern law has not yielded satisfactory results since it still faces numerous problems which exacerbate biodiversity loss. With many problems facing the park, there is growing concern with regards to government strategy to maintain its values and integrity merely through modern law. This dissertation aims at assessing the potentials of modern law and local traditional system of natural resource management as instruments for effective protection of the KNP in particular and other Cameroonian national parks in general. It further aims at exploring ways of adapting national law and policy to suit local reality. To realise the objectives of this study, legal science analytical method, instruments of both quantitative approach (questionnaire) and qualitative approach (semi-structured interviews) were used. An in-depth assessment of the degree of effectiveness of modern law application in Korup reveals that it is to a lesser extent effective and this impedes Cameroon's adequate compliance with its biodiversity conservation obligations under international environmental agreements. The study finds that the park's protection unit plays a commendable role in fighting against illegal activities but inadequate financial resources and logistics render the institution weak. Other institutions play a laudable role in enforcing the law but major weaknesses identified include bail abuses, leniency in punishing offenders and corruption. It was discovered that the Korup inhabitants are against resettlement and often reluctantly cooperate in enforcing modern law. The research reveals that cultural beliefs and traditional practices associated with totems, taboos and sacred forests exist in the Korup villages and contributed in protecting Korup forest heritage. It shows that the putting into practice of some aspects of the traditional cultural practices was often without conservation intention but paradoxically, this contributed to forest biodiversity conservation. The study finds that each village has customary laws and local bylaws which are binding on its inhabitants and contribute to rational use of forest resources. The chieftaincy, village council and the Ekpe society are revealed as traditional institutions that govern the Korup people and manage forest resources through the traditional system ignored by the state. The research shows that statutory law recognises only the chieftaincy institution but reduces traditional rulers to mere auxiliaries of the government thereby weakening traditional institutions that ought to contribute in protecting Korup forest heritage. It recommends that in addition to fighting corruption and building the capacity of law enforcement institutions, the government should adequately integrate traditional rulers and institutions into the modern governance structure. It should legally recognise the role of traditional authorities in safeguarding Korup forest heritage through the traditional system. The study concludes that a management and conservation strategy that involves the people of Korup through their traditional institutions and system of natural resource management, will lead to effective protection and sustainability of the KNP and thus, contribute in enhancing Cameroon's compliance with biodiversity-related international environmental agreements.}, subject = {Kamerun; Wald; Recht; Modernes Recht; Gewohnheitsrecht; Walderbe; Kamerun; Korup Nationalpark; Modern law; Customary law; Forest heritage; Cameroon; Korup National Park}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Edo2023, author = {Edo, Iwebuke}, title = {Environmental laws as tools for effective management of Niger-Delta wetland : a case study of Upper Orashi forest}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6624}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-66244}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {With the increasing consciousness of the value of wetland ecological and environmental functions and its fast rate of decline in the size of this important and rich ecosystem globally, the Niger Delta ecosystem has been reported to be undergoing tremendous change, hence the need for this research, to identify the challenges and proffer solutions. This study focuses on ascertaining if a change has occurred in the Upper Orashi Forest Reserved wetland, to know and evaluate the policies used in managing the wetland in the region and Nigeria. To ascertain the wetland change, land cover change detection was carried out using Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing to produce paradigm or data to detect change occurrence in the wetland area. Supervised classification of land use and land cover change was carried out using LANDSAT data from 2002, 2008, and 2019. Thereafter, the land cover transition was mapped for the period 2002 to 2019 and this was computed for the net land cover change for the period of study. The site was classified into three different classes and each class was analyzed using the land use and land cover change model formula. The result from this part shows that there is a consistent decrease in the wetland area for the period under review and in the other two identified classes, some interchangeable compositions were observed for the period of study. To validate this result, the opinion of experts and the host community is needed. Two sets of questionnaires were designed for experts and local community dwellers to sample their opinion in relation to the wetland and its management. The information collected was analyzed using Microsoft excel and the result shows that changes have occurred in the wetland of Upper Orashi Forest (decrease in size and other challenging issues with respect to policies and regulations). This study has identified critical challenging issues facing wetlands in the region or driving factors of wetland loss in the study area. Thereafter making recommendations that will help address these issues to actualize environmental sustainability and sustainable wetland in the region and Nigeria at large.}, subject = {Feuchtgebiet; Ramsar-Konvention; Nachhaltigkeit; Landnutzungs{\"a}nderung; {\"O}kosystem; Wetland management; Ramsar Convention; Geographic information system; Land use and cover change; Ecosystem; Nigeria; Umweltrecht; {\"O}kosystem; Ramsar-Konvention (1971 Februar 02); Feuchtgebiet; Bodenbedeckung; Geoinformationssystem; Fernerkundung}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Chirambo2017, author = {Chirambo, Dumisani}, title = {Enhancing renewable energy deployment in Malawi through climate finance instruments: policy challenges and prospects}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-43952}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Malawi is a Least Developed Country located in Southern Africa to the East of Zambia. Malawi has a low electrification rate of 9\%. Furthermore, unreliable and inadequate power supply are estimated to reduce Malawi's GDP by 7\%-9\%. These energy sector challenges diminish the country's prospects for sustained growth, poverty reduction, and improved delivery of health and education services. Various studies have been undertaken to determine how Malawi can improve it's energy sector through the deployment of renewable energy. However, these studies have not specifically examined how climate change related financing mechanisms such as the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) could be utilised to mobilise financing and capacity development for renewable energy deployment in the country. This is despite the assertion that developed countries are committed to jointly mobilising US\$100 billion per year by 2020 to support climate change mitigation and adaptation activities such as renewable energy deployment in developing countries. Through the use of questionnaires, case study analyses, policy reviews, academic literature reviews and interviews, this research sought to determine Malawi's regulatory and institutional challenges and prospects for enhancing renewable energy deployment through climate finance instruments. Among some of the research findings was that Malawi has relied on external support in order to develop capacity in the field of climate finance, hence in the absence of external assistance there are limited opportunities to incentivise various stakeholders to implement projects and to enhance awareness about climate finance. The study also discovered that Malawi's climate finance determinants resemble a non-market seeking Foreign Direct Investment profile, hence the presence of opportunities for cheap and abundant emission reductions could improve climate finance investment patterns rather than the opportunities for emission reductions and co-products such as electricity through renewable energy technologies. The study therefore recommended that Malawi should create a renewable energy and climate finance promotion agency to assist with soliciting funding for renewable energy projects from concessional and non-concessional sources and drafting and implementing renewable energy policies. Another recommendation was that the country must create a Renewable Energy Fund to reduce the funding constraints that the media, project implementers and financiers have in undertaking various roles related to enhancing renewable energy deployment. Lastly, the study concluded that Malawi's prospects for accessing various forms of climate finance and deploying climate finance projects can be improved through improvements in Malawi's renewable energy and climate change institutional framework, and the modifications of climate finance instruments and methodologies to encourage flexibility and reduce institutional constraints.}, subject = {Africa; Clean Development Mechanism (CDM); Climate finance; Renewable energy; Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action (NAMA); Voluntary Carbon Market (VCM); Afrika; Klimafinanzierung; Erneuerbare Energien; Freiwilliger Kohlenstoffmarkt (VCM); Afrika ; Klimaschutz; Erneuerbare Energien}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Chami2019, author = {Chami, Maximilian}, title = {Sacred Limestone Caves : Management and the use of sacred heritage places in limestone cave areas along the Swahili Coast of Indian Ocean in Tanzania}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-51089}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Tanzania is the land which has extensive Limestone Caves along the Swahili Coast of East Africa. Many of these Limestone Caves believed to be formed about 150 million years ago during the Jurassic age when these areas were underwater. For a long time, Swahili communities along the coast of East Africa used the Limestone Caves as the places of worship, praying and conducting ritual practices. These Limestone Caves have been regarded as the Mosques, Churches or Temples by these Swahili communities who have been associated with the Caves for a long time before colonial time in 17th-19th Century. After independence in 1961, the Tanzanian government took over many of the Limestone Caves to manage and protect them as the national heritage under the Antiquities Divisions and other heritage governing bodies. However, in Tanzania the protection of Limestone Caves as Sacred Heritage Places have been only through modern laws which were inherited from colonial masters and are yet to produce satisfactory results on the best practice of these places, even after amendments. Other problems facing Sacred Heritage Places in Tanzania are lack of management plans, lack of freedom in worship and failure of Antiquities legislation to recognise traditional beliefs. These problems led to growing concern of different stakeholders regarding the government strategy to ensure prescriptions for best practices of the Sacred Heritage Places in Limestone Cave areas regarding the use, management and conservation. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to examine the use and management of Sacred Heritage Places along the Swahili Coast of the Indian Ocean in Tanzania. Data were obtained through focus group discussions, interviews and observations while legal documents were reviewed and analysed using thematic analysis to investigate research themes. The results indicated that there were ritual practices, strict taboos and customary laws used to control access into the Limestone Cave area but tourism and research activities have interfered with the sacred space creating a disconnect between the local communities and their heritage. This disconnection has driven people from their traditional religions into religions like Christianity and Islam. Finally, the thesis proposes MTRCC Framework for a heritage plan for best practice in Sacred Heritage Place in Limestone Cave areas; to be adopted by the Tanzanian Antiquities Divisions and other heritage management authorities to ensure that local communities have access to spaces crucial to their religious life. Also, MTRCC Framework ensures that there are no conflicts or interference from tourism, education and research activities that could result in negative effects for the heritage sites and stakeholders can have equal opportunities to experience these places.}, subject = {Limestone cave; Sacred place; Local communities; Traditional knowledge systems; Swahili Coast; Kalksteinh{\"o}hlen; Swahili K{\"u}ste; Traditionelle Wissenssysteme; Lokale Community; Heilige St{\"a}tten; Tansania; H{\"o}hle; Kalkstein; Heilige St{\"a}tte; Kulturerbe; Kulturst{\"a}tte; Management}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Bodach2023, author = {Bodach, Ronny}, title = {Die kriminalistische Fallbearbeitung als ganzheitlicher Ansatz zur Beschreibung und Bew{\"a}ltigung von Cybercrime-Delikten im beh{\"o}rdlichen und unternehmerischen Umfeld durch Anwendung kriminalistischer Methoden der Fallanalyse, Versionsbildung und Untersuchungsplanung}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6569}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-65694}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Die Statistik zu Cybercrime-Straftaten zeigt auch nach der Covid-19-Pandemie keine Abnahme. Die fortw{\"a}hrende Pr{\"a}senz von IT-bezogenen Delikten im Bundeslagebild Cybercrime des Bundeskriminalamtes unterstreicht die anhaltende Bedeutung der Verfolgung von Cyber-Straftaten f{\"u}r die allgemeine Kriminalit{\"a}tsbek{\"a}mpfung. Die Verfolgung von Cybercrime ist entscheidend f{\"u}r die Sicherheit von B{\"u}rgern, Unternehmen und Institutionen in Deutschland. Die steigende Anzahl von Cybercrime-Delikten steht im Kontrast zu einer stagnierenden Aufkl{\"a}rungsquote. Dies erfordert neue Herangehensweisen bei der Bearbeitung dieser Delikte. Daher wurde in dieser Arbeit eine grundlegende Methode entwickelt, die den spezifischen Anforderungen von Cybercrime-Delikten gerecht wird. Um eine geeignete Methode f{\"u}r die Bearbeitung von Cybercrime-Delikten zu entwickeln, wurden nicht-beh{\"o}rdliche Methoden zur Bew{\"a}ltigung von Sicherheitsvorf{\"a}llen analysiert. Dazu geh{\"o}ren computerforensische Ablaufmodelle, Bedrohungsmodelle und Frameworks f{\"u}r IT-Ermittlungen. Gleichzeitig wurden kriminalistische Prozesse betrachtet, die in der Bew{\"a}ltigung kriminalpolizeilicher Lagen Anwendung finden. Dies umfasst Methoden der kriminalistischen Fallanalyse, Versions- und Hypothesenerstellung sowie Untersuchungsplanung, unterst{\"u}tzt durch Kriterienkataloge. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit stellt die Entwicklung einer geeigneten Methode f{\"u}r die kriminalpolizeiliche Untersuchung von Cybercrime-Delikten durch die Verschmelzung von Methoden der Sicherheitsvorfallbehandlung und der kriminalpolizeilichen Lagebew{\"a}ltigung dar. Das entstandene KFA-Prozessmodell erm{\"o}glicht die Bewertung und Analyse von Sachverhaltsinformationen anhand eines eigenen Kriterienkatalogs, bildet die Grundlage f{\"u}r Synthese und Untersuchungsplanung und wurde an realen Fallakten evaluiert. Zus{\"a}tzlich wurde eine eigene Beschreibungssprache in Form der KFA-Taxonomie entwickelt, die die Einordnung, Beschreibung und Vergleichbarkeit von Cybercrime-Delikten erm{\"o}glicht. Abschließend befasst sich diese Arbeit mit der Umsetzung der theoretischen Grundlagen in Form von Lehrinhalten f{\"u}r die breite Nutzung in Ausbildungen im Bereich Cybercrime. Dazu wurden verschiedene Szenarien entwickelt, die die Anwendung des KFA-Prozessmodells, seines Kriterienkatalogs sowie die Umsetzung der KFA-Taxonomie anhand verschiedener Cybercrime-Delikte in praktischen {\"U}bungen demonstrieren. Das KFA-Prozessmodell richtet sich an Ermittler der Cybercrime-Kommissariate und -Dezernate der Kriminalpolizei. Es bietet eine strukturierte Methode f{\"u}r die kriminalpolizeiliche Arbeit, erl{\"a}utert den kriminalistischen Hintergrund von Delikten und ist auch ohne Vorkenntnisse im Bereich der Kriminalistik anwendbar. Diese Arbeit erm{\"o}glicht zudem Unternehmensermittlern die Integration kriminalistischer Methoden in die Sicherheitsvorfallbehandlung und verbessert die Untersuchung von Cybercrime in Unternehmensbereichen.}, subject = {Cybercrime; Kriminalistik; Fallanalyse; Sicherheitsvorfallbehandlung; Fallarbeit; Case analysis; Criminology; Deutschland; Computerkriminalit{\"a}t; Kriminalistik; Kriminalfall; Ermittlung}, language = {de} }