@phdthesis{Poddar2014, author = {Poddar, Ajay}, title = {Slow wave resonator based tunable multi-band multi-mode injection-locked oscillators}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-31936}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2014}, abstract = {In modern information technology, increasingly powerful electronic circuits are required for the targeted generation of complex signals with well-defined amplitudes and phases. In circuits of this type, oscillators frequently form the central element because of its phase noise and stability, which essentially determines the achievable precision in the signal generation. Further requirements are derived from the electronic definability of the signal properties and the operational behavior of the oscillators. Conventional oscillator circuit models autonomous circuits, mainly consist of a passive frequency-selective or phase-selective network and an active amplifier element, which together produce an oscillatory circuit via a suitable feedback. At first glance, the circuit topology seems to be quite simple, and can often be explained quite visibly. However, when it comes to describing in particular the very important phase noise dynamics and stability of oscillators, it very soon becomes apparent that highly complex structures are involved. A fundamental difficulty in the theoretical description arises due to the non-linear behavior of oscillators, the understanding of which is crucial for a reliable description of jitter and oscillator phase noise. The resonant condition of oscillators arises due to the fact that the noise in the oscillator circuit is always present in the system, which is amplified in a frequency-selective manner to the extent that a stable oscillation arises at most at a fixed frequency because of non-linear limitation of the amplification. The frequency selectivity arises due to the frequency selectivity or phase selectivity of the passive feedback path. The non-linear limitation of the amplification in the oscillator normally results in a very reliable control of the amplitude noise of the output oscillation. It is well understood that any particular oscillator's phase noise could be improved by increasing the generated signal amplitude or increasing the quality factor of the resonant network. Increasing the signal level is limited by the utilized supply voltage or the break down limits of transistors and cannot be increased further to improve the phase noise. Accordingly, the remaining phase noise, which can normally be minimized via resonating circuits with pronounced phase selectivity and therefore a high quality factor resonator, is of great importance for oscillators. Traditional high Q-factor resonators (ceramic resonator, surface acoustic wave, bulk acoustic wave, dielectric resonator, YIG resonator, Whispering gallery mode resonator, Optoelectronic resonator, etc.) are usually 3-dimensional structures and bulky for both handheld and test-measurement equipments and does not offer integration using current foundry technology. The current and later generation wireless communication market is pushing the need for miniaturization to its limits. Printed coupled transmission line resonator is a promising alternative due to its ease of integration and compatibility with planar fabrication processes but limited by its large physical size and low quality factor, making it a challenging choice to design low phase-noise oscillators. This problem is more prominent in integrated circuits (ICs) where high degrees of thin conductor losses reduce the quality factor by orders of magnitude compared to hybrid circuit technologies. This thesis describes the design and investigation of a variation of printed resonators using M{\"o}bius slow-wave and Metamaterial structures for the applications in oscillator circuits. A novel M{\"o}bius slow-wave mode-coupled structure offers additional degrees of freedom (higher Q-factor and multi-band characteristics for a given physical size) as compared to conventional transmission line printed resonators. A design study has been carried out to optimize the phase noise performance by using the novel resonant structures (mode-coupled, slow-wave, M{\"o}bius strips, evanescent mode, negative index material-Metamaterial) in conjunction with mode locking and injection locking for improving the overall performances, beyond the limits imposed by conventional limitations. The thesis also covers a broad spectrum of research on DRO and OEO ranging from practical aspects of circuit implementation and measurement, including the modeling of optical fiber delay line used as a thermally stable high Q-factor resonator structure. This thesis is research work carried out from 2004-2014, organized in 11 chapters, theoretical and experimental results documented by a range of specific measurement results and substantiated by over 200 scientific publications over dozen patents. The Metamaterial M{\"o}bius technology discussed in this thesis can open new era in the field of imaging, sensors, cloaking, energy harvesting and energy efficient microwave circuit and system Solutions.}, subject = {Oszillator; Resonator; M{\"o}bius; Phasenrauschen; Oscillator; Phase noise; M{\"o}bius; Resonator; Oszillatorschaltung; Resonator}, language = {en} }