@phdthesis{Forbid2012, author = {Forbid, George Teke}, title = {Thermal recycling of plastic waste using pyrolysis-gasification process for energy production}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus-25269}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The disposal of mixed waste in landfills, dump sites and open burning without material and energy recovery leads to resource loss, causes health problems, pollution and littering. Increasing energy demand for industrial and domestic application with rising costs due to scarcity motivates a constant search for alternative clean energy sources. Recovering energy from waste presents various incentives e.g. creating jobs, alleviating poverty, combating and mitigating climate change, protecting the environment and reducing dependence on traditional fuels sources. Hence, plastics end up in landfills, surface waters and ocean bed with serious negative impact on terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity. Plastic waste with high calorific value (36-46MJ/kg) occupies the greatest portion of landfill space. Hence, using an appropriate technology to transform waste plastic to a hot gaseous mixture which is burned in-situ produces enormous amount of energy without pollution. Based on this hypothesis, the study objectives accomplished were to: 1.Characterise, quantify and classify waste fractions and plastic components common in MSW by manual sorting 2.Evaluate options for sustainable plastic waste management especially for developing countries 3.Design, construct, test and optimize an appropriate technology that applies pyrolysis and gasification processes to convert non-PVC plastic waste to energy 4.Assess the efficiency of the technology based on the functioning, the engineering, mass and energy analysis including socioeconomic and environmental impacts An integrated methodology involving review of current literature, field and laboratory experiments on mixed waste and plastic waste analysis was used. In addition, the pyrolysis-gasification technology (PGT) was conceptualised, designed, constructed, tested and optimised at BTU Cottbus, Germany; Lagos, Nigeria and Dschang, Cameroon. Field studies involving natural observation, interviews, personal discussions and visits to waste management organisations and disposal sites were conducted in various cities in the three case study countries. A resource-oriented manual sorting using the resource-recovery scavenging approach (RESA) simulating integration of scavenger's activities in waste sorting was conducted at BTU and Lagos. Major results obtained include: •Characterization, quantification and classification of a dry sample of commingled MSW at Cottbus gave major waste fractions in order of decreasing abundance as 23.15\% of residue waste, 19.75\% of paper and cardboards, 17.80\% of plastics, 14.63\% of textiles and diapers, 10.06\% of food waste and 9.55\% of glass. An overall 33.21\% of waste sample is compostable for manure, 52.2\% usable as feedstock in the PG technology and 99.81\% of total sample having a material or energy recovery potential. In Lagos, Nigeria main fractions were 29\% of plastics, 36\% of residue waste, 17\% of soil/sand, 7\% of paper with overall 41\% usable as feedstock in PG technology, 39\% compostable, 3\% of recyclable (metal and glass). Sand can be recovered from the soil/sand fraction for construction. Excluding the sand/soil mixture, 83\% of the total waste sample has potential for material and energy value. •An appropriate technology that applies principles of pyrolysis and gasification to convert non-PVC plastic waste to energy was designed, constructed, tested and optimized with respect to: (i) Successful functioning with conversion of averagely 98.51\% of input constituting of 82.78-98.21\% of charcoal and 96.72-99.27\% of plastic to heat energy (ii) Evaluation of socioeconomic and environmental impacts based on pyrolysis and exhaust gas and ash residue analysis showed absence of VOCs, heavy metals and pollutant organic and inorganic compounds; (iii) Safety and risk assessment to indoor pollution is very low; (iv) Assessment of the WTA and WTP indicated that 94\% of respondents in Lagos, Nigeria and Porto Novo, Benin were willing to accept and pay for this technology. Using the PG technology improves local communities' ability to achieve clean, efficient and safe cooking and heating energy with potential for combine heat power generation.}, subject = {Kunststoffabfall; Vergasung; Pyrolyse; Forstschutz; Energier{\"u}ckgewinnung; Pyrolyse-Vergasung Technologie; Kunststoffabfall; Eind{\"a}mmung des Klimawandels; Ressource-Recovery-Scavenging-Ansatz; Waldschutz; Pyrolysis-gasification technology; Waste plastics and biomass; Climate change mitigation; Resource recovery scavenging approach; Forest protection}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Fotang2023, author = {Fotang, Chefor}, title = {Conservation status and ecology of the Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee in Kom-Wum Forest Reserve, North-West Region, Cameroon}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6579}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-65797}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Increased human activity, such as deforestation, is a major driver of biodiversity loss worldwide. In Cameroon, these activities could ultimately threaten the survival of the Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee, but knowledge of their abundance and ecology in the Kom - Wum Forest Reserve in Cameroon is still lacking. This research aimed to estimate the population size of this chimpanzee subspecies and assess threats, investigate nesting behaviour, identify suitable habitats, determine feeding habits and document the tools used for food acquisition. Research was conducted using line transects during two seasons: wet (May-September 2018) and dry (November 2019-March 2020). Population size and threats were assessed by georeferencing signs of chimpanzees and human activity along line transects. Nesting behaviour was investigated by recording the characteristics of nesting trees along line transects and mapping their distribution in ArcGIS. Suitable habitat was identified by relating chimpanzee presence signs to local environmental variables related to relief, vegetation and human impact using the Maximum Entropy Species Distribution Model (MaxEnt). Feeding habits were investigated by direct examination of chimpanzee faeces, and tool use was documented by observation and measurement of tools in situ. The reserve is home to up to 83 chimpanzees. Signs of chimpanzee activity were significantly higher in mature forest than in secondary forest, and above 1000 m than below 1000 m. Hunting was the main threat to chimpanzees, and the occurrence of chimpanzee signs decreased significantly with increasing human activity. Chimpanzees preferred tall, mature forest trees at higher elevations with slopes for nesting, and avoided areas near villages and bare land. Only 8\% of the study area was suitable chimpanzee habitat. Fruit dominated the chimpanzees' diet, but they also consumed leaves and fruit pith, especially during the dry season. There was also indirect evidence that chimpanzees used tools to consume driver ants (genus Dorylus). Seasonality significantly affected the size of tools used by chimpanzees for driver ant predation. They preferred to use thicker and shorter tools for driver ant predation during the rainy season, whereas longer and thinner tools were used during the dry season. The results of this research highlight the need to reduce poaching and deforestation to protect the remaining chimpanzee population and suitable habitat in the reserve and surrounding unprotected forest. High-elevation and mature forests are critical for chimpanzee conservation and should be a high priority for protection. This research has filled the knowledge gap on what little was known about the abundance and ecology of Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzees.}, subject = {Chimpanzee abundance; Feeding ecology; Human disturbance; Habitat preferences; Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee; Schimpansenvorkommen; F{\"u}tterungs{\"o}kologie; Menschenverursachte St{\"o}rungen; Lebensraumpr{\"a}ferenzen; Nigeria-Kamerun-Schimpanse; Pan troglodytes elliotii; Reservat; Lebensraum; Ern{\"a}hrungsgewohnheit; St{\"o}rung; Verhaltensforschung}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Franken2023, author = {Franken, Tim}, title = {Multi-objective optimization of stochastic engine models}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6633}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-66335}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This thesis summarizes the author's developments of combustion models and multi-objective optimization methods for gasoline and diesel engines. The combustion models belong to the family of zero-dimensional stochastic reactor models introduced in the 1990s to improve the prediction of emissions with detailed chemistry in partially stirred reactors. The first part introduces the fundamentals of the physical and chemical models describing the combustion process. As a novelty, k-ε turbulence models were implemented in the stochastic reactor model to predict the turbulent time and length scales in gasoline and diesel engines. This development allowed an improvement of the models for convective heat transfer, fuel evaporation, gas exchange across the valves, turbulent flame propagation and crevice flow, which depend on the turbulent time and length scales. In the second part, the multi-objective optimization platform for automatic training of the stochastic reactor model is presented. The optimization method considers multiple operating points to find a set of model parameters that predict performance and emissions over the entire engine map. The Non-domination Sorting Genetic Algorithm II is combined with the stochastic reactor model and response surface models to find the best Pareto front. Multi-criteria decision making is used to select the best designs from the Pareto front. Finally, the third part of this thesis deals with the validation of the stochastic reactor model and the multi-objective optimization platform. For this purpose, experiments of two single-cylinder research engines with spark ignition, one passenger car engine with compression ignition and one heavy duty engine with compression ignition are used. For the spark ignition engines, a set of model parameters was found that predicts well the power and emissions over the whole engine map. The calculated turbulent kinetic energy, dissipation, and angular momentum follow the trends of the three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic simulations to a good approximation for various operating points. For the two compression ignition engines, the prediction of combustion progress and nitrogen oxide emissions are in good agreement with the experiments. Larger discrepancies were found for the prediction of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbon. Optimization of the soot model parameters improves the prediction of soot mass for operating points throughout the engine map.}, subject = {Stochastic reactor model; Multi-objective optimization; Turbulence modelling; Emissions; Internal combustion engine; Stochastisches Reaktormodell; Multi-kriterielle Optimierung; Turbulenzmodellerierung; Emissionen; Verbrennungsmotor; Verbrennungsmotor; Abgasemission; Turbulenz; Stochastisches Modell; Optimierung}, language = {en} } @article{FrankenNetzerMaussetal., author = {Franken, Tim and Netzer, Corinna and Mauss, Fabian and Pasternak, Michal and Seidel, Lars and Borg, Anders and Lehtiniemi, Harry and Matrisciano, Andrea and Kulzer, Andre Casal}, title = {Multi-objective optimization of water injection in spark-ignition engines using the stochastic reactor model with tabulated chemistry}, publisher = {SAGE Publications}, address = {London, England}, issn = {1468-0874}, doi = {10.1177/1468087419857602}, abstract = {Water injection is investigated for turbocharged spark-ignition engines to reduce knock probability and enable higher engine efficiency. The novel approach of this work is the development of a simulation-based optimization process combining the advantages of detailed chemistry, the stochastic reactor model and genetic optimization to assess water injection. The fast running quasi-dimensional stochastic reactor model with tabulated chemistry accounts for water effects on laminar flame speed and combustion chemistry. The stochastic reactor model is coupled with the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm to find an optimum set of operating conditions for high engine efficiency. Subsequently, the feasibility of the simulation-based optimization process is tested for a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic numerical test case. The newly proposed optimization method predicts a trade-off between fuel efficiency and low knock probability, which highlights the present target conflict for spark-ignition engine development. Overall, the optimization shows that water injection is beneficial to decrease fuel consumption and knock probability at the same time. The application of the fast running quasi-dimensional stochastic reactor model allows to run large optimization problems with low computational costs. The incorporation with the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm shows a well-performing multi-objective optimization and an optimized set of engine operating parameters with water injection and high compression ratio is found.}, subject = {Ottomotor; Water injection; Genetic optimization; Spark-ignition engine; Stochastic reactor model; Detailed chemistry; Wassereinspritzung; Prozessoptimierung; Stochastisches Modell}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Frimpong2022, author = {Frimpong, Bernard Fosu}, title = {Analysis of the relationship between spatial urban expansion and temperature utilising remote sensing and GIS techniques in the Accra and Kumasi Metropolises in Ghana}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6073}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-60730}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Accra and Kumasi are the two major cities in Ghana. Spatial urban expansion has been experienced in transforming different non-urban Land Use Land Cover (LULC) types into urban/built-up areas with a potential direct relationship to temperature rise in the cities. Thus, this dissertation aims to establish the relationship between urban spatial expansion and temperature in Accra and Kumasi metropolis. Multi-source datasets such as remote sensing images, different GIS vector layers, reference maps and historical temperature datasets were used for this retrospective study. This research was grouped under three components: environmental science, environmental technology, as well as environmental management and planning. From the environmental science component, LULC maps were produced for different years to assess the trend of temporal change in the various LULC classes in the two metropolises. Remote sensing indices and land surface temperature were retrieved from the remote sensing images to determine their correlations. Temperature time series was analysed by calculating temperature indices and determining temporal trends to reveal changes in air temperature to detect urban warming and its impacts. From the environmental technology, the novel random forest algorithm was utilised to classify the satellite images of both cities since previous works have utilised other traditional classifiers. The satellite imageries were used for point-based estimation of temperature to determine Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) hotspots. For environmental management and planning, spatial urban expansion techniques were utilised to ascertain trends in urban/built-up areas, especially in both cities' sub-metropolitan zones. For prescient purposes, future LULC modelling was implemented to provide insights into the proportions of the various LULC changes in 2025. The analysis identified two salient findings: increased urban/built-up areas at the expense of agricultural and forestlands throughout the study period and the positive correlation between spatial urban expansion and temperature. This indicated warming up of urban temperature in both cities. The major findings in this dissertation provided evidence of how integrated datasets and research techniques can be utilised for LULC changes to determine the relationship between spatial urban expansion and temperature at local scales. Institutions such as metropolitan assemblies and policymakers may adopt the concepts demonstrated in this work to rapidly assess urban environments and investigate the relationship between spatial urban expansion and temperature.}, subject = {Spatial urban expansion; Temperature; Land Use Land Cover; Remote sensing; GIS; Urbane Expansion; Temperatur; Landnutzung; Landbedeckung; Fernerkundung; Ghana; Landnutzung; Großstadt; Temperatur; Fernerkundung; Geoinformationssystem}, language = {en} } @article{FrimpongKorantengOpoku2023, author = {Frimpong, Bernard Fosu and Koranteng, Addo and Opoku, Fosu Senior}, title = {Analysis of urban expansion and its impact on temperature utilising remote sensing and GIS techniques in the Accra metropolis in Ghana (1986-2022)}, doi = {10.1007/s42452-023-05439-z}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The Accra Metropolis of Ghana has experienced rapid urban expansion over the past decades. Agricultural and forest-lands have been transformed into urban/built-up areas. This study analysed urban expansion and its relationship with the temperature of Accra from 1986 to 2022. Multi-source datasets such as remote sensing (RS) and other ancillary data were utilised. Land use land cover (LULC) maps were produced employing the random forests classifier. Land surface temperature (LST) and selected d(RS) Indices were extracted. Regression techniques assessed the interplay between LST and remote sensing indices. The LULC maps revealed increasing trends in the urban/built-up areas at the expense of the other LULC types. The analysis from the LST and the RS indices revealed a direct relationship between temperature and urban/built-up areas and an inverse relationship between temperature and vegetation. Thus, spatial urban expansion has modified the urban temperature of Accra. The integrated utilisation of RS and GIS demonstrated to be an efficient approach for analysing and monitoring urban expansion and its relationship with temperature.}, subject = {Urban expansion; Change detection; Land use land cover; Regression; Remote sensing; St{\"a}dtische Expansion; Erkennung von Ver{\"a}nderungen; Landnutzung Landbedeckung; Temperatur; Fernerkundung; Accra; Stadt; Expansion; Landnutzung; Temperatur; Fernerkundung}, language = {en} } @article{FrimpongMolkenthinKoranteng2022, author = {Frimpong, Bernard Fosu and Molkenthin, Frank and Koranteng, Addo}, title = {Analysis of temperature variability utilising Mann-Kendall and Sen's slope estimator tests in the Accra and Kumasi metropolises in Ghana}, doi = {10.1186/s40068-022-00269-1}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Temperature variability may have direct and indirect impacts on the environments of the Accra and Kumasi Metropolises in Ghana. This study analysed temperature and trends in temperature in both cities using in-situ measurements from one meteorological station in both cities from 1986 to 2015. The temperature indices were computed using the RClimdex package from the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection Monitoring Indices (ETCCDMI). The temperature time series was pre-whitened before the Mann-Kendall trend and Sen's slope estimator analysis were applied. Initial analysis revealed minimal variation in temperature in both cities. The results from the analysed temperature indices revealed an increase in warm days and a general rise in the minimum temperature compared to maximum temperatures. Mann Kendall and Sen's slope revealed significant trends in the annual and seasonal (dry and wet seasons) in minimum temperature in both cities. These might lead to an increased rate of heat-stressed diseases and an overall rise in urban warming in both cities. The analysis of temperature, indices and trends provided comprehensive insights into the temperature of Accra and Kumasi. The results highlight the essence of evaluating temperature indices and trends in light of Climate Change concerns. It is recommended that urban green and blue spaces should be incorporated into land use plans as these policy directions can aid regulate the temperature in both cities.}, subject = {Temperature variability; Mann-Kendall test; Sen's slope estimator; Accra; Kumasi; Temperaturvarabilit{\"a}t; Sen-Slope Sch{\"a}tzer; Accra; Kumasi; Temperatur; Schwankung}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Frischke2006, author = {Frischke, S{\"o}ren}, title = {Simulationsbasierte Entscheidungsunterst{\"u}tzung bei der Gestaltung flexibler Produktionsbereiche auf taktischer Ebene}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus-92}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Mit hoher Geschwindigkeit wechselnde qualitative und quantitative Marktanforderungen erfordern von Unternehmen geeignete Reaktionen. Die Umweltdynamik findet einerseits Eingang in die strategische Planung und f{\"u}hrt andererseits im Ausf{\"u}hrungssystem zu ungeplanter Turbulenz. Die taktische Ebene steht vor der Aufgabe, interne und externe Flexibilit{\"a}tsanforderungen und die Flexibilit{\"a}tspotentiale des Produktionsbereiches aufeinander abzustimmen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein in sich geschlossener Flexibilit{\"a}tsmanagementzyklus entwickelt. Durch die Erstellung hybrider Simulationsmodelle wird es m{\"o}glich, das Ausf{\"u}hrungssystem mit diskreten Systembestandteilen detailliert abzubilden ohne auf die Beschreibung selbst{\"a}ndigen Anpassungsverhaltens der Akteure durch Ausnutzung gegebener Handlungsspielr{\"a}ume in kontinuierlichen Modellbestandteilen verzichten zu m{\"u}ssen. Das Flexibilit{\"a}tspotential des Produktionssystems wird auf diese Weise sichtbar und kann analysiert werden.}, subject = {Flexible Fertigung; Produktionsplanung; Simulation; Strategische Planung; Simulationsmodelle; Flexible shop-floors; Strategic planning; Simulation; Production}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Froehlich2003, author = {Fr{\"o}hlich, Robby}, title = {Zur allgemeing{\"u}ltigen Festlegung der sicherheitstechnischen Betriebsgrenzen von Alkoxilierungsreaktoren}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-000000356}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2003}, abstract = {Alkoxilierungsreaktionen enthalten u.a. aufgrund der hohen Reaktionsenthalpie und der Stoffeigenschaften ein hohes Gef{\"a}hrdungspotential. Die Absicherung der Reaktoren hinsichtlich durchgehender Reaktionen kann durch konstruktive Maßnahmen sowie prozesstechnische Vorkehrungen erfolgen. Die Begrenzung der Konzentration des Epoxids als alternatives Schutzkonzept gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung, wobei selbst ein spontanes Durchgehen der Reaktion nicht zu einer Gef{\"a}hrdung f{\"u}hrt. Diese Arbeit ist prim{\"a}r auf die Anwendung der zuletzt angef{\"u}hrten Methode ausgerichtet. Ein experimenteller Ansatzes findet seine Grenzen in der Vielzahl der zu untersuchenden Stoffsystemkombinationen. Der in dieser Arbeit zugrunde gelegte theoretische Ansatz zielt demgegen{\"u}ber auf eine durchg{\"a}ngige und allgemeing{\"u}ltige Vorausberechnung der sicherheitstechnischen Betriebsgrenzen von Alkoxilierungsreaktoren unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der Design- und Betriebsparameter.}, subject = {Alkoxylierung; Exotherme Reaktion; Chemischer Reaktor; Betriebssicherheit; Prozessmodell; Sicherheitsgrenze von Reaktoren; Alkoxilierungsreaktion; Ethylenoxid; Propylenoxid; Fettstoff}, language = {de} } @techreport{FuegenschuhMuellenstedtSchmidt2019, author = {F{\"u}genschuh, Armin and M{\"u}llenstedt, Daniel and Schmidt, Johannes}, title = {Mission planning for unmanned aerial vehicles}, editor = {F{\"u}genschuh, Armin}, issn = {2627-6100}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-4828}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-48285}, year = {2019}, abstract = {We formulate the mission planning problem for a meet of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem (MINLP). The problem asks for a selection of targets from a list to the UAVs, and trajectories that visit the chosen targets. To be feasible, a trajectory must pass each target at a desired maximal distance and within a certain time window, obstacles or regions of high risk must be avoided, and the fuel limitations must be obeyed. An optimal trajectory maximizes the sum of values of all targets that can be visited, and as a secondary goal, conducts the mission in the shortest possible time. In order to obtain numerical solutions to this model, we approximate the MINLP by a mixed-integer linear program (MILP), and apply a state-of-the-art solver (GUROBI) to the latter on a set of test instances.}, subject = {Mixed-integer nonlinear programming; Trajectory planning; Unmanned aerial vehicles; Linear approximation; Flugk{\"o}rper; Tourenplanung; Optimierung}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Gaal2007, author = {Gaal, Mate}, title = {Trial design for testing and evaluation in humanitarian mine clearance}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus-3497}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2007}, abstract = {This thesis proposes a design of experiment for testing and evaluation of the equipment and the methods used in manual mine clearance. The thesis is based on several metal detector trials and a trial of manual demining methods. The core of this dissertation comprises four metal detector trials performed in Germany and Croatia in 2003 and 2005. The purpose of these trials was to investigate the feasibility of the tests described in the CWA (Comit´e Europ´een de Normalisation /CEN/ Workshop Agreement) 14747:-2003, the standard for testing metal detectors for humanitarian demining. The goals of the trials were: to find an appropriate design of experiment for testing metal detectors; to establish the use of ROC diagrams (Receiver Operating Characteristics) and POD curves (Probability of Detection) in the analysis of the experimental results; and to gain practical experience in organising and conducting metal detector trials. A part of this thesis is devoted to a trial of manual demining methods performed in Mozambique in 2004. The main goal of that trial was to compare the speed of various manual demining methods, including the most common excavation methods. The outcome of this work are the proposals and recommendations for an update of the standard for testing metal detectors CWA 14747:2003. Maximum detection height measurements were performed as a part of the metal detector trial carried out in Croatia in 2005. The results reveal a high variability of the maximum detection height. This high variability needs to be taken into account in all experiments. A part of the variability is caused by the differences between the operators and by the setup of the metal detector. It is therefore recommended that two kinds of experiments with the maximum detection height as a response variable are defined in the next update of CWA 14747:2003. The first kind should include the setup, the soil and the operator as factors in the design of experiment. The in-soil measurements with the same detector should be performed with repeated setups and with several operators. The second kind of experiments should be experiments evaluating the influence of other predictor variables. In those experiments, it is recommended to perform one-factor or multiple-factor in-air measurements with the operators and the setup as a block. The main part of the metal detector trials described in this thesis were the detection reliability tests. Detection reliability tests as described in CWA 14747:2003 come closest to representing the real field conditions in demining. They include many environmental influences and, most importantly, many of the human factor influences. However, each test design is a compromise between fully representative conditions and cost effectiveness. In this thesis, a fractional factorial design based on the Graeco-Latin square is proposed as a solution to the experimental problem. The results are reported in the form of ROC diagrams and POD curves. The crossover design enables each operator to work with fewer detector models within a certain time. The variations of the design enabled an unbiased comparison of detectors in each soil and with each target model separately. It is recommended that the solutions proposed in this thesis be incorporated in the standard CWA 14747:2003. It has been shown that maximum detection height measurements provide the information about the best possible performance of a metal detector in a reliability test.}, subject = {Minenr{\"a}umung; Metallsuchger{\"a}t; Bewertung; Versuchsplanung; Metalldetektor; ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic); Menschlicher Faktor; griechisch-lateinisches Quadrat; Design of experiment; Metal detector; ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic); Human factor; Graeco-Latin square}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Gaillard2014, author = {Gaillard, B{\´e}n{\´e}dicte}, title = {Conflictive delisting process of a World Heritage Site in Germany: the case of the Dresden Elbe Valley}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-30314}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2014}, abstract = {This research comprises an analysis concerning the conflict between the State Party Germany to the World Heritage Convention and UNESCO in the case of the Dresden Elbe Valley. Through a historical and legal analysis, this research aims to ascertain the reasons for this conflict, as well as the impossibility of finding a compromise. First, the conflict in the core of the Dresden Elbe Valley World Heritage Site caused by the construction of the Waldschl{\"o}ßchenbr{\"u}cke, which is the object of study in this research, is anchored in its context of the City of Dresden. Thus, the object of the conflict, the Waldschl{\"o}ßchenbr{\"u}cke, is presented in its historical and geo-spatial context in order to shed light on the elements that triggered the conflict. Secondly, the conflict is anchored within the German legal context through the analysis of the legal procedures concerning the binding effects of the World Heritage Convention for the Federal Republic of Germany and the environmental concerns rendered by the construction of the Waldschl{\"o}ßchenbr{\"u}cke. Based on legal commentaries of the courts' decisions, a discussion on the non-transposition of the World Heritage concepts in the Federal Republic of Germany is implemented. Thirdly, the State Party Germany to the World Heritage Convention and UNESCO are confronted. A review of the concept of cultural landscape in the context of the World Heritage Convention, adapted to the case of the Dresden Elbe Valley, is first implemented. Subsequently, a commentary on the legally binding effects for the States Parties to the World Heritage Convention is elaborated upon, as well as a deconstruction of the step-by-step decisions from the inscription to the delisting of the Dresden Elbe Valley from the World Heritage List. Fourthly, an evaluation is developed concerning the concept of Historic Urban Landscape as an action plan capable of solving the conflict between urban development and heritage protection, and adapted to the German context. Finally, as a conclusion to this research, recommendations are drawn based on the conflict opposing UNESCO and the State Party Germany to the World Heritage Convention towards the Dresden Elbe Valley. These recommendations are addressed to the City of Dresden, the Free State of Saxony, the Federal Republic of Germany and UNESCO.}, subject = {Cultural Landscapes; Delisting of a World Heritage Site; Dresden Elbe Valley; Historic Urban Landscape; World Heritage Convention; Aberkennung einer Welterbest{\"a}tte; Dresdner Elbtal; Historische Stadtlandschaft; Kulturlandschaft; Welterbekonvention; Convention du Patrimoine Mondial; D{\´e}sinscription d'un site du patrimoine mondial; Paysage culturel; Paysage urbain historique; Vall{\´e}e de l'Elbe {\`a} Dresde; Dresdner Elbtal; Weltkulturerbe}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{GalloBarbosaLima2017, author = {Gallo Barbosa Lima, Patricia}, title = {Brazil in the global forest governance: the Brazilian initiative of developing a national strategy on REDD+ policies}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-43989}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) is now a significant piece of the international climate agreement. This present dissertation aims to investigate the overall framework of REDD+ development as a national strategy in Brazil. Moreover, it focuses on identifying the major challenges and policy constraints of this development design process. A further aim is at the end of the research to proffer pathways for improvement of domestic forest governance in Brazil. Using the sustainable forest landscape governance approach as the overarching conceptual for an effective REDD+ implementation within the Brazilian context and, building on this analysis, the conclusions advance some considerations on what features should be prioritized in the development and establishment of the Brazilian REDD+ national strategy. This dissertation is a grounded theoretical analysis and is centered on the conception that although REDD+ is strongly treated by the Federal Government as an expansion of it's actions with regard to sustainable development, by turning forests into an economic asset and strengthening institutions and laws, it is much more likely that Brazil can deal with the environmental challenges it has been facing.}, subject = {REDD+; Landscape approach; Forest governance; Brazil; Grounded analysis; REDD+; Landschaftsansatz; Wald-Governance; Brasilien; Grundlegende theoretische Analyse; REDD; Landschaftsanalyse; Brasilien; Wald{\"o}kosystem; Umweltpolitik}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Gammoul2012, author = {Gammoul, Abir}, title = {Entwicklung einer Umformtechnologie zur Herstellung endkonturnaher Slicermesser}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus-27228}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Slicermesser sind kreisf{\"o}rmige Scheibenmesser zum Schneiden von Lebensmittelprodukten, insbesondere Wurst, Fleisch, K{\"a}se und dergleichen. Sie werden in Hochleistungsschneidemaschinen so genannten Slicern eingesetzt und mit hoher Drehzahl von 3450 bis 5600 min-1 angetrieben. Die hohen Drehzahlen und die auftretenden Schnittkr{\"a}fte erfordern eine sehr stabile Ausf{\"u}hrung des Slicermessers. Ausgehend davon, die Messer in aufw{\"a}ndigen spanenden Herstellungsverfahren gefertigt werden m{\"u}ssen und ein relativ hohes Gewicht von 5250 g aufweisen. Der Schl{\"u}ssel zur L{\"o}sung dieser Herausforderungen hinsichtlich Stabilit{\"a}t, Steifigkeit, Gewichtseinsparung, Werkstoffeinsatz und Fertigungsaufwand k{\"o}nnte in der endkonturnahen Fertigung durch Blechumformung liegen. In dieser Arbeit wurde ein werkstoffeffizientes, aus Stahlblech herstellbares Slicermesser entwickelt. Die Umformtechnologie zur Herstellung des Slicermessers wurde realisiert. Die Funktionsf{\"a}higkeit und die technische Zuverl{\"a}ssigkeit der hergestellten Slicermesser wurden experimentell {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft und mit dem herk{\"o}mmlichen Slicermesser verglichen.}, subject = {Messer; Blechumformen; Slicermesser; Blechbearbeitung; Biegesteifheit; Gewichtseinsparung; Slicer blades; Sheet metal forming; Rigidity; Weight saving}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Gawor2009, author = {Gawor, Marek}, title = {Application of Life Cycle Assessment in the context of classical Environmental Management System and with respect to the implementation of the EuP Directive}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus-14350}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2009}, abstract = {This thesis presents the results of the research based on the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), with respect to the application of the Energy-using Products (EuP) Directive and the Environmental Management System (EMS). In part A, an introduction and hypotheses of the research are given. In general it will be investigated, whether the environmental techniques such as Environmental Management System and Life Cycle Assessment may be used by the company in Poland as a tool for increasing the competitiveness and creation of the green company's image. Furthermore, the applicability of these techniques and tools in the framework of the European directive on the Energy-using Products will be shown. In order to understand the requirements of the voluntary environmental tools and binding legal framework, a general description of the Environmental Management Systems (based on the ISO 14001 standards), Life Cycle Assessment (described by the ISO standards of 14040 family) as well as the Energy-using Products directive will be given in Part A. Part B will deal with the results of the LCA based on a case study of a gas-electro cooker produced by FagorMastercook S.A. The LCA evaluation was performed with the help of the SimaPro modelling program. The modelling was divided into two steps. In the first step, only the cooker's influence on the environment was considered, including the production processes. In the second stage, the use phase processes were added, as well as End-of-Life scenarios specific for the Polish market and situation were applied. The evaluation was based on different Life Cycle Impact Assessment methods. As the result, one could observe, that main impact on the environment was caused by the subassemblies and materials with the highest weight. Furthermore, the use of the metals (ferro and non-ferro) was responsible for the majority of the environmental damage. This damage occurred mainly in the categories relating to the natural resource consumption. As for the second modelling stage, cooking and baking processes were pointed out as the main cause of the environmental damage from the life cycle perspective. The cooker itself had a relatively small importance and contribution to the overall impact. These LCA results were be used as a part of the comprehensive assessment of the environmental performance of the entire company system with the help of Sensitivity Model Prof. Vester (SMPV) software in Part C. The sensitivity analysis was performed in two steps. In the first step, all variables that could influence the functioning of the company (such as financial results, authorities, customers, environment, inhabitants of the city) were taken into consideration. In the second modelling step, only the variables with the most visible influence on the system were taken into consideration (i.e. price, owner, quality, etc.). For both modelling steps, several policy scenarios were developed, taking into consideration various types of interactions between variables and time spans of 15 and 30 years. As the result one could see, that the implementation of the LCA and EMS in the company may help to achieve the strategic goals, such as improvement of the products' quality, creating the green image of the company, minimising costs and negative influence of the company on the environment. On the other hand, decision makers in the company should be aware of the implementation costs, which may cause the increase of the products' price and the decrease of the competitiveness on the internal (Polish) and external (European) market. Subsequently, summary and conclusions of the results are presented in Part D. Parts A to D are described in the Volume 1 of the thesis. Appendices are presented in the Volume 2.}, subject = {Elektroger{\"a}t; Gasger{\"a}t; Umweltaudit; Umweltbilanz; {\"O}kobilanzierung; Energiebetriebene Produkte; Sensitivit{\"a}tsmodellierung; Gas-Elektroherd; Umweltmanagementsystem; Life Cycle Assessment; Energy-using products; Sensitivity modelling; Gas-Electro cooker; Environmental Management System}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Gaydardzhiev2006, author = {Gaydardzhiev, Stoyan}, title = {Upon the characterization of destabilization and stabilization phenomena in fine particulate systems - implications to physicochemical removal of colour from effluents and colloidal processing of ceramics}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus-3471}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The work is dedicated to the aspects of characterization of surface charge phenomena in two colloidal systems: synthetic mixtures of textile dyes and aqueous suspension of ceramic powders. An implication to the areas of physicochemical colour removal from textile effluents and gel-casting of ceramics is made. A model for dye-coagulant interaction has been developed based on surface charge density and floc size investigations. Various dispersant optimization techniques have been compared in stabilizing aqueous slurries of ultra-fine alumina particles, the zeta potential derived from CVI measurements being viewed as a most reliable one. The chemical environment of the ceramic slurry together with maintaining an optimal process conditions in gel-casting plays an equally important role in providing a desired properties of complex shaped ceramic bodies.}, subject = {Keramik; Farbstoff; Feinpartikelsysteme; Stabilisierung; Keramik; Farbstoffabbau; Fine particulates; Stabilization; Ceramics; Dye effluents}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Gerber2016, author = {Gerber, Nils}, title = {Noppenwaben als neue Kernwerkstoffe f{\"u}r Leichtbauanwendungen}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-40605}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Sandwichstrukturen, bestehend aus zwei Decklagen und einem dazwischen liegenden Kernmaterial, stellen den Stand der Technik zur Herstellung von Bauteilen mit niedrigem Gewicht und hoher mechanischer Stabilit{\"a}t dar. Dabei werden im Luftfahrtbereich haupts{\"a}chlich Honeycombs aus Nomex®-Papier zur Herstellung von Sandwichbauteilen mit guten FST-Eigenschaften (Fire Smoke Toxicity) verwendet. F{\"u}r Anwendungen bei denen die mechanischen Eigenschaften des Kernmaterials nicht im Vordergrund stehen, wie z.B. bei nichttragenden Verkleidungselementen, bieten textile Noppenwaben aufgrund niedriger Herstellungskosten und der M{\"o}glichkeit zur Integration verschiedener Funktionalit{\"a}ten eine interessante Alternative zu Honeycombs. Textile Noppenwaben bestehen aus einer fl{\"a}chigen, mit Harz impr{\"a}gnierten Maschenware, welche in einem ersten Schritt zu einer dreidimensionalen Noppenstruktur geformt und anschließend durch H{\"a}rtung des Harzes stabilisiert wird. Aufgrund zahlreicher Freiheitsgrade, die sich aus der Wahl des Garn- und Matrixmaterials, der Maschenbindung, sowie der Noppengeometrie ergeben, k{\"o}nnen die Eigenschaften dieses Kernmaterials in einem weiten Bereich variiert und das Kernmaterial f{\"u}r vielf{\"a}ltige Anwendungen gezielt angepasst werden. Eine wesentliche H{\"u}rde f{\"u}r den Einsatz von Noppenwaben besteht bislang in der aufw{\"a}ndigen diskontinuierlichen Herstellung mittels Plattenwerkzeugen in einer beheizbaren Presse. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit liegt der Fokus auf der Entwicklung eines Verfahrens zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Noppenwaben. Bei diesem Verfahren wird das harzimpr{\"a}gnierte Textil zwischen zwei beheizten Werkzeugb{\"a}ndern in Form gebracht und anschließend ausgeh{\"a}rtet. W{\"a}hrend das diskontinuierliche Verfahren nur die zeitaufw{\"a}ndige Fertigung vergleichsweise kleiner Noppenwabenplatten zul{\"a}sst, bietet das kontinuierliche Fertigungsverfahren die M{\"o}glichkeit, Noppenwaben mit deutlich geringerem Zeitaufwand als Endlosmaterial herzustellen. Weiterhin wird im Rahmen der Arbeit aus der Analyse der bisher hergestellten einseitigen Noppenwabe eine neue symmetrische Geometrie abgeleitet. Unter anderem werden dazu die Form{\"a}nderungen der Maschenware bei der Formgebung zur Noppenwabe untersucht und unterschiedliche Geometrien miteinander verglichen. Symmetrische Noppenwaben werden mit einseitigen Noppenwaben und etablierten luftfahrtzugelassenen Kernmaterialien, wie ausgew{\"a}hlten Sch{\"a}umen und Honeycombs hinsichtlich ihrer mechanischen Eigenschaften verglichen, um deren Potential f{\"u}r den Einsatz als leichtes und brandfestes Kernmaterial zu beurteilen. Daf{\"u}r werden kontinuierlich hergestellte Noppenwaben hinsichtlich Druckfestigkeit, Schubfestigkeit, Biegefestigkeit und Impact-Verhalten ebenso getestet wie die Anbindung an die Decklagen im Trommelsch{\"a}lversuch. Neben den genannten Untersuchungen, werden weitere, nicht-mechanische Charakteristika wie FST-Verhalten, Drapierbarkeit und die M{\"o}glichkeit, zus{\"a}tzliche Funktionen zu integrieren, betrachtet.}, subject = {Noppenwabe; Leichtbau; Kernwerkstoff; Noppe; Textilgewebe; Harz; Verbundwerkstoff; Knitted fabric; Resin; Composite; Aircraft interior; Core; Nap; Napcore; Textile fabric; Leichtbau; Wabenbauweise; Verbundwerkstoff}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Gerbert2012, author = {Gerbert, Sandra}, title = {Die fr{\"u}he Industrialisierung und die daraus resultierende Baut{\"a}tigkeit des entstehenden Fabrikantentums in den vogtl{\"a}ndischen St{\"a}dten Reichenbach - Mylau - Netzschkau}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus-24372}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Die St{\"a}dte Reichenbach im Vogtland, Mylau und Netzschkau bilden einen Wirtschaftsbezirk, dessen Industrialisierungsprozess in der ersten Dekade des 19. Jhs. einsetzte. Reichenbach, die gr{\"o}ßte der drei St{\"a}dte, konnte sich bereits 1847 zu den wichtigsten Fabrikorten in Sachsen z{\"a}hlen. Das Ziel der Forschungsarbeit war es die Ursachen f{\"u}r die fr{\"u}he Industrialisierung zu analysieren, sowie die Auswirkungen der fr{\"u}hen Industrialisierung auf die Entstehung des Fabrikantentums, die Baut{\"a}tigkeit der Fabrikanten und daraus resultierend, den Einfluss der Fabrikanten auf die st{\"a}dtebauliche Entwicklung der Region zu erforschen und gegenseitige Abh{\"a}ngigkeiten und Bedingtheiten darzustellen. Aus den analysierten wirtschaftlichen und sozialgeschichtlichen sowie st{\"a}dtebaulichen und architektonischen Entwicklungslinien wurden folgende Abh{\"a}ngigkeiten deutlich: Die fr{\"u}he Industrialisierung der Reichenbacher Wirtschaftsregion basierte auf dem traditionellen Textilgewerbe, das sich aufgrund gegebener geografischer Bedingtheiten im Mittelalter herausbildete. Ab 1808 bzw. 1811 begann zun{\"a}chst im Baumwolle verarbeitenden Gewerbe der {\"U}bergang von der Heimarbeit zur industriellen Massenproduktion durch die Einf{\"u}hrung von mechanischen Spinnmaschinen und deren konzentrierte Aufstellung in einer Fabrik. Als Folge dieses Prozesses entstand das Fabrikantentum. Viele Fabrikanten spezialisierten sich in der zweiten Dekade des 19. Jhs. auf die krisenunabh{\"a}ngigere Herstellung von Kamm- und Streichgarnprodukten, wodurch sich die Reichenbacher Wirtschaftsregion zum Zentrum dieser Branchen innerhalb Sachsens entwickelte. Dieser wirtschaftliche Erfolg spiegelte sich auch in der umfangreichen Baut{\"a}tigkeit des Fabrikantentums wider, das stetig in neue Fabrikbauten oder den Ausbau bereits bestehender investierte. Gleichermaßen war die Steigerung der Produktion mit einem zus{\"a}tzlichen Arbeitskr{\"a}ftebedarf verbunden, wodurch die Einwohnerzahlen innerhalb der drei St{\"a}dte stark anstiegen und großfl{\"a}chige Stadterweiterungen zur Folge hatten. Der Anschluss Reichenbachs an das Schienennetz 1846 und Netzschkaus 1851 sowie der Ausbau der st{\"a}dtischen Infrastruktur beschleunigten die urbanen Entwicklungsprozesse. F{\"u}r die fr{\"u}he Industrialisierung der St{\"a}dte Reichenbach, Mylau und Netzschkau, der Entstehung des Fabrikantentums und deren Baut{\"a}tigkeit war demzufolge kein Einzelereignis oder eine Einzelperson ausschlaggebend, sondern das Zusammenwirken von {\"u}berregionalen und regionalen {\"o}konomischen und gesellschaftlichen Prozessen.}, subject = {Reichenbach ; Mylau; Netzschkau; Industriebau; Industriearch{\"a}ologie; Kammgarnspinnerei; Streichgarnspinnerei; G{\"o}ltzschtalbr{\"u}cke; Fabrikantentum; Industriekultur; Worsted yarn; Woollen yarn; Industrial archaeology; Industrialists}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Gerlach2013, author = {Gerlach, Dominic}, title = {Surface and interface characterization of thin-film silicon solar cell structures}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus-28254}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2013}, abstract = {The properties of Si thin films for solar cells, the interaction with different substrates and the influence of dopants are examined with synchrotron based x-ray spectroscopy - primarily x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES). The films are studied as-deposited (i.e., amorphous, a-Si) and after conversion into polycrystalline (poly-Si) employing solid phase crystallization (SPC). Si L2,3 XES spectra of thin-film Si samples can be described by a superposition of a-Si and monocrystalline Si-wafer (c-Si) reference spectra. According to a quantification based on that superposition principle, none of the investigated samples are completely crystallized - a measurable a-Si component always remains (5-20 \%) regardless of deposition and treatment conditions. Based on additional results from electron back scattering diffraction different models are developed which may explain this finding. According to these models, the remnant a-Si component can be attributed to amorphous/disordered material at the grain boundaries. Using one of these models, the thickness of this grain-surrounding material s could be approximated to be (1.5 ± 0.5) nm. Further investigations of the SPC process reveal a faster crystallization for boron-doped samples, and a slower crystallization for phosphorous-doped samples, when compared to the crystallization of undoped a Si:H thin films. The peculiarities of B K XES spectra (and observed changes upon SPC) indicate that boron could act as a nucleation center promoting crystallization. Si L2,3 XES spectra of a-Si:H and P-doped poly-Si exhibit spectral features above the valence band maximum at 100 eV that could be attributed to a-Si defect states and n+-dopant states, respectively. The SPC crystallization velocity of Si thin films on ZnO:Al/glass is found to be faster than that on SiNx/glass substrate. Multiple indications for oxidization at the poly-Si/ZnO:Al interface are found based on our Si L2,3 XES analysis. Spatially resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data support this and even suggest the formation of sub-oxides or zinc silicate as an interface species. The electronic structure of the buried a-SiOx:H(B)/ZnO:Al and µc-Si:H(B)/ZnO:Al interfaces are unraveled with "depth resolved" hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A surface band bending limited to the very surface of the silicon layers is found. The valence band maxima for the Si cover layers and the ZnO:Al TCO are determined and interface induced band bending for both interfaces are derived. At the a-SiOx:H(B)/ZnO:Al interface a tunnel barrier of (0.22 ± 0.31) eV and at µc-Si:H(B)/ZnO:Al interface a tunnel barrier of (-0.08 ± 0.31) eV is determined. This explains a previously empirically found solar cell efficiency increase produced by introducing a µc-Si:H(B) buffer layer between an a-Si p-i-n cell and the ZnO:Al/glass substrate.}, subject = {D{\"u}nnschichtsolarzelle; Silicium; Photovoltaik; Festk{\"o}rperphysik; R{\"o}ntgenspektroskopie; Photovoltaics; Solid-state physics; X-ray spectroscopy}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Gerlich2012, author = {Gerlich, Lukas}, title = {In situ ARXPS Charakterisierung von tantalbasierten Barriereschichten}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus-28485}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Als eine Folge der Miniaturisierung aller integrierten elektrischen Bauteile wird der spezifische Widerstand der TaN/Ta Doppelsperrschichten ein zunehmend wichtiger Parameter f{\"u}r die Schaltgeschwindigkeit beim 32 nm Technologieknoten. In Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird die Optimierung der Abscheidung von TaN/Ta Stapeln durchgef{\"u}hrt, mit dem Ziel die Tantalnitridschichtdicke zu minimieren und das Tantal in der leitf{\"a}higeren alpha-Phase wachsen zu lassen. Im ersten Teil der Studie wurde in situ ARXPS verwendet, um das Wachstum von verschiedenen Tantalnitridschichten auf SiO2 und SiCOH in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit der Abscheidezeit, des Stickstoffflusses und der Abscheideleistung zu untersuchen. Im zweiten Teil wurde die kristalline Phase 20 nm dicken Tantal Schichten abgeschieden auf verschiedenen Tantalnitridschichten, die in der Wachstumsstudie vorgestellt worden sind, untersucht. Die wichtigsten Erkenntnisse sind das Auftreten von Tantalkarbid und Tantalsilizid als Zwischenschichtverbindungen bei der Abscheidung auf SiCOH und nur Tantalsilizid f{\"u}r die Abscheidung auf SiO2. Demzufolge w{\"a}chst alpha-Tantal vorzugsweise auf Tantalkarbid und stickstoffreichen Zwischenschichten, w{\"a}hrend Silizid an der Schnittstelle das Wachstum von beta-Tantal f{\"o}rdert. Um die Ergebnisse zu {\"u}berpr{\"u}fen, wurden zwei weitere Modifikationen des Interfaces untersucht. So wurde eine kleinere Bias-Leistung f{\"u}r eine Abscheidung von Tantalnitrid auf SiO2 benutzt, um die Rolle des Tantalsilizids zu best{\"a}tigen. Außerdem wurde eine thermische Behandlung einer d{\"u}nnen Tantalschicht auf SiCOH durchgef{\"u}hrt, um die Rolle des Tantalkarbids zu best{\"a}tigen. Schließlich ergab die Kontaktwiderstandsmessung in Viaketten auf strukturierten Wafern f{\"u}r vier ausgew{\"a}hlte Prozesse tendenziell den gleichen Verlauf wie die Schichtwiderstandsergebnisse der entsprechenden Barrierenaufbauten der Experimente auf blanken Testwafern.}, subject = {Photoelektronenspektroskopie; Tantal; ARXPS; Barriere; Interface; Tantalum; ARXPS; Barrier; Interface}, language = {de} }