@phdthesis{Sporleder2024, author = {Sporleder, Maximilian}, title = {Design optimization of decarbonized district heating systems}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6852}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-68526}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Reducing CO₂ emissions is crucial to combat global warming, especially as district heating sector emissions have increased by 25 \% since 2010. This dissertation addresses the need for decarbonizing district heating systems through a Python package designed for optimizing sustainable heat solutions. It explores three main research questions: integrating renewable heat sources, modeling pit thermal energy storage systems, and comparing central supply networks with those incorporating booster heat pumps. The research includes a systematic literature review focused on optimizing district heating, identifying gaps in integrating renewable energy and storage capacities. A modeling approach to assess storage capacity within optimization problems is developed, along with a mixed-integer linear programming model for designing supply systems. The model considers network topology, demand, weather, and component data, optimizing mass flows and minimizing costs. Key findings indicate that integrating large-scale heat pumps and waste heat can compete economically with traditional systems. Pit thermal energy storage systems, particularly in high-temperature networks (>70 °C), can be designed effectively using mixed-integer linear programming combined with simulations. Charging strategies, such as solar thermal energy for low-density areas or Power-to-Heat technologies for urban settings, enhance economic performance. The study suggests that a combination of central and decentralized units, like booster heat pumps, can optimize performance and reduce investment costs. Overall, the research emphasizes the importance of integrating waste heat and thermal storage in creating decarbonized district heating systems that can supply heat for 15 ct/kWh by 2030.}, subject = {Design optimization; District heating; Mixed-integer linear programming; Auslegungsoptimierung; Gemischt-ganzzahlige lineare Optimierung; Fernw{\"a}rmesysteme; Fernw{\"a}rmeversorgung; Abw{\"a}rme; Großw{\"a}rmepumpe; W{\"a}rmespeicher; Ganzzahlige lineare Optimierung}, language = {en} } @article{HuberHeinrichsJaegerErben2024, author = {Huber, Andreas and Heinrichs, Harald and Jaeger-Erben, Melanie}, title = {Promoting neighbourhood sharing : infrastructures of convenience and community}, series = {Buildings \& Cities}, volume = {5}, journal = {Buildings \& Cities}, number = {1}, publisher = {Ubiquity Press}, address = {London}, issn = {2632-6655}, doi = {10.5334/bc.442}, pages = {349 -- 367}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Against the background of high levels of energy and resource demand in the residential sector, this paper investigates one potential way of making housing more sufficient: sharing at the neighbourhood level. Evidence from French and German case studies of 'collaborative housing' and 'developer-driven neighbourhood sharing' is used to identify two types of popular sharing practices: community-oriented and convenience-oriented. The first group of sharing practices is underpinned by creating, maintaining and experiencing social ties with neighbours. The second group of practices is guided by getting day-today tasks done smoothly and efficiently. To support the establishment of such sharing practices, some social and organisational measures are suggested. Thus, convenience-oriented sharing practices may be promoted by infrastructures and associated services that optimise the availability of sharing facilities and minimise temporal stretches and consumption work involved in practice performances. Community-oriented sharing practices may benefit from infrastructural arrangements that enable chance encounters, privilege community spaces over private areas and create welcoming spatial atmospheres.}, subject = {Housing; Sustainability; Neighbourhood; Sharing; Sufficiency; Wohnen; Nachbarschaft; Suffizienz; Nachhaltigkeit}, language = {en} } @article{RiedelMeissnerKaschubowskietal.2024, author = {Riedel, Ramona and Meißner, Karsten and Kaschubowski, Arne and Benndorf, Dirk and Martienssen, Marion and Braun, Burga}, title = {Laundry isolate Delftia sp. UBM14 capable of biodegrading industrially relevant aminophosphonates}, series = {Microorganisms}, volume = {12}, journal = {Microorganisms}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2076-2607}, doi = {10.3390/microorganisms12081664}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Phosphonates such as ethylenediaminetetra (methylenephosphonic acid) (EDTMP) and aminotris (methylenephosphonic acid) (ATMP) are used every day in water treatment processes or in household products. Their consumption is still increasing, regardless of the debates on their environmental impact. Here, the microbial characterisation and determination of the biodegradation potential of selected industrially relevant phosphonates for the isolate Delftia sp. UMB14 is reported. The opportunistic strain was isolated from a biofilm that was derived from a conventional washing machine using conventional detergents containing phosphonates. In antimicrobial susceptibility testing, the strain was only susceptible to sulfonamide, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol. Physiological and biochemical characteristics were determined using the BIOLOG EcoPlate assay. Most importantly, the strain was shown to convert D-malic acid and D-mannitol, as confirmed for strains of Delftia lacustris, and thus the new isolate could be closely related. Biodegradation tests with different phosphonates showed that the strain preferentially degrades ATMP and EDTMP but does not degrade glyphosate (GS) and amino (methylphosphonic acid) (AMPA). A specific gene amplification confirmed the presence of phnX (phosphonoacetaldehyde hydrolase) and the absence of PhnJ (the gene for the core component of C-P lyase). The presence of PhnCDE is strongly suggested for the strain, as it is common in Delftia lacustris species.}, subject = {Phosphonates; Biodegradation; PhnX; PhnJ; PhnCDE; Phosphonate; Biologischer Abbau; Mikrobieller Abbau; Waschmittel}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{TomazdeCarvalho2024, author = {Tomaz de Carvalho, Antonio}, title = {A novel system for characterization of GaN-based low-noise amplifiers}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6844}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-68446}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Although low-noise amplifiers (LNA) are designed to amplify low RF power levels, there are possibilities that they receive high RF powers as front-end radios and electronic warfare receiver systems. Commonly, this high power levels are not desired. Due to such applications and demands, robust LNA are required. The GaN-based HEMT low-noise amplifiers are being considered an established technology used on different applications for telecommunications systems and radars. The GaN-based LNAs can handle high RF input powers, and they still keep functional. These GaN-based robust LNAs have several advantages, as no limiters are required to protect them against high RF input powers. As a result, these robust LNAs have a simplified RF receiver architecture and are cheaper to manufacture. However, the GaN HEMTs LNAs are known to show significant memory effects, which also play a negative role when a high RF input power level is received by the LNA and drives it into compression. After degradation of the LNA performance, it needs time to recover to its normal small-signal operation mode. This time is called recovery time. This is an important measurement parameter, once some applications require receivers to work immediately after a high RF input power was received, especially for pulse-radar applications. The main focus of this thesis is on the implementation of a novel measurement setup suitable to characterize the GaN-based robust LNAs and their recovery time. First, the system concept was implemented step by step using different instruments. The whole system setup has been programmed to work remotely, to perform the measurement and to save the results automatically. A software based on Matlab script language was developed and integrated to the system setup in order to control the test equipment. The setup allows for simultaneous measurements and data acquisitions. The setup can perform recovery time measurements in time domain, can measure the reflected power and also monitor the drain current of the LNA. A pulse signal is used as overdrive signal to stress the LNA with high-power levels, which can be variously defined in width and period according to the target application. This overdrive signal can also be monitored and measured during the recovery time characterization. The core of the measurement system is an PNA-X vector network analyzer, which allows the characterization of small-signal gain recovery time. The reflected power is measured using a power sensor, while the drain current is monitored using an oscilloscope. In order to validate the system setup, three different GaN LNAs were used. Finally, the system was extended to work also for 5 GHz frequency band. The results shown in this thesis enables for innovative future research activities on robust LNAs.}, subject = {Amplifier; LNA; Robust; GaN; Microwave; Rauscharmer Verst{\"a}rker; Robustheit; {\"U}berlastfall; MMIC; RF und Mikrowellentechnik; MMIC; Rauscharmer Verst{\"a}rker; Galliumnitrid; HEMT; {\"U}berlast}, language = {en} } @book{HoeflerJentschKoellneretal.2023, author = {H{\"o}fler, Frank and Jentsch, Juliane and K{\"o}llner, Gitta and Kramer, Thomas and Leßmann, Dieter and Richter, Gerd and Stopp, Horst and Schellnhuber, Hans-Joachim}, title = {Floating Architecture : construction on and near water}, editor = {Stopp, Horst and Strangfeld, Peter}, publisher = {LIT Verlag}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-643-91435-4}, doi = {10.52038/9783643914354}, publisher = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, pages = {110}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Floating architecture is not only an issue for luxurious tourism but with the climatic change the building of floating structures becomes relevant for many areas in the world. In regions with rising sea levels, frequent flooding, or thawing permafrost, floating structures can be a solution to adapt existing settlement areas to these new conditions. The self-sufficient energy and supply systems required for floating settlements can also be used in rural areas with a lot of migration. The collection presents papers of conference series "International Conference on Amphibious and Floating Architecture, Design and Engineering (ICAADE)" organized by the Institute for Floating Buildings (IfSB e.V.) and the Faculty of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Urban Planning at Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg (BTU).}, subject = {Schwimmendes Bauwerk; Geb{\"a}udewert; Bauphysik; Building physics; Building value; Floating building; Schwimmendes Bauwerk; Geb{\"a}udewert; Bauphysik}, language = {mul} } @phdthesis{Schmidt2024, author = {Schmidt, Johannes}, title = {The mission and flight planning problem : a physics-based MILP routing approach for an inhomogeneous fleet of unmanned aerial vehicles with collision-free trajectories}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6841}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-68415}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Today, drones are a helpful addition or even an efficient alternative in many areas due to their simple control and low operating costs compared to manned aircraft. Often, it is preferred that the UAV performs its mission autonomously. Thus, next to the operative control, the strategic planning of such missions plays an important role for their efficiency. Furthermore, it is also of interest for air traffic management to integrate UAVs into the airspace of manned aviation. At a strategic level, many use cases can be represented by a set of waypoints. Maybe not all of them can be visited within a given time horizon or only by drones with special hardware. Thus, before the start of a mission, each involved UAV must be assigned the waypoints to be processed and its flight trajectory must be planned to guarantee a safe and efficient process. These two sub-problems of the planning process influence each other and cannot be treated separately. In this paper, we address this problem by introducing the Mission and Flight Planning Problem (MFPP). Therein, the assignment of the UAVs to the given waypoints is combined with the computation of exact flight trajectories in a mixed-integer linear optimization problem (MILP). It is based on a team orienteering problem with time windows, in which the positions of all UAVs are calculated using discretized Newton's laws of motion. Concerning the flight dynamics, design-related parameters and mass, speed, and altitude dependencies of the performance data of each drone are included in the model. Each drone is controlled by radio and must not leave the range of its control station. There may be obstacles within the mission area. The UAVs must also maintain safety distances from each other to avoid collisions. In addition to the model, we discuss different types of valid inequalities. We present a new inter-sample avoidance approach based on decomposing the mission area into several sub-areas and their identification with binary vectors. The construction of an integer polyhedron containing these binary vectors is given and we investigate its structure. In addition, different possibilities for implementing the new constraints are discussed. For two special types of MFPP instances, we present adapted solution methods that exploit their respective structure, i.e., a sequential solution method and a column generation approach. The performance of the presented model is investigated in detailed computational studies and we discuss its essential properties in several examples.}, subject = {Mixed-integer linear programming; Trajectory optimization; Inter-sample avoidance; Unmanned aerial vehicles; Gemischt-ganzzahlige lineare Programmierung; Trajektorienoptimierung; Kollisionsvermeidung zwischen Zeitschritten; Unbemannte Luftfahrzeuge; Flugk{\"o}rper; Optimierungsproblem; Strategische Planung; Kollisionsschutz; Trajektorie }, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Voelker2024, author = {V{\"o}lker, Eduard}, title = {Bauen auf dem Wasser und das Potenzial der bautechnischen Weiterentwicklung schwimmender Bauten mit dem Schwerpunkt der energetischen Versorgung}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6845}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-68451}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Der Klimawandel und seine Folgen zwingen uns, neue Wege zu gehen, um die St{\"a}dte resilient gegen{\"u}ber den Ereignissen zu gestalten. Das Bauen auf dem Wasser bietet hierzu einen innovativen L{\"o}sungsansatz. Es k{\"o}nnte zumindest als ein Baustein f{\"u}r die Erweiterung der dicht besiedelten St{\"a}dte, die an Gew{\"a}sser grenzen, als Ausbau der Infrastruktur und Entlastung der noch verf{\"u}gbaren Landfl{\"a}che sowie zur Nutzung der brachliegenden Retentionsfl{\"a}chen dienen. Rechtlich gesehen ist das Bebauen der Gew{\"a}sser m{\"o}glich, auch wenn die Zust{\"a}ndigkeiten der Beh{\"o}rden nicht immer eindeutig geregelt sind. Das Potenzial des Bauens auf dem Wasser h{\"a}ngt meiner Meinung nach nicht nur vom Bedarf ab, sondern erschließt sich erst durch die technologische Realisierbarkeit. Neben der Frage nach dem "Warum" muss auch die Frage nach dem "Wie" des Bauens auf dem Wasser beantwortet werden. Die Infrastruktur und die Sicherheit auch in Bezug auf die Versorgung spielen dabei eine wichtige Rolle. Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit den technologischen Anforderungen und Entwicklungen, die nicht nur das Bauen, sondern vorausschauend auch das Leben auf dem Wasser voranzubringen. Das Ziel der Dissertation besteht darin, die vorhandenen Technologien weiterzuentwickeln und somit die Grundlage f{\"u}r das Siedeln auf dem Wasser zu schaffen.}, subject = {Thermal system sea; Schwimmende Architektur; Schwimmende Bauten; Bauen auf dem Wasser; SchwimmSpeicher; Floating architecture; Floating buildings; Floating PV; Schwimmendes Bauwerk; Infrastruktur; Energieversorgung; W{\"a}rmeversorgung}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Sauerwein2023, author = {Sauerwein, Jens}, title = {Extreme k{\"u}nstliche Rauheit von Rohrleitungen}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6822}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-68223}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Durch die in dieser Arbeit durchgef{\"u}hrte Klassifizierung der Rauheiten, geometrischen Faktoren und ihre systematische Darstellung und Auswertung konnte eine Abbildungsvorschrift erstellt werden, welche die entstehenden hydraulischen Verluste abbildet. Dazu ist eine Bereichseinteilung f{\"u}r die Rauheitsdichte cK' erforderlich. Innerhalb der einzelnen Teilbereiche sind durch die Darstellung unterschiedlicher Quellen mit gleichen k/D-Verh{\"a}ltnissen polynomische Ausgleichsfunktionen 5. Grades (max) (Sandrauheit/Rauheitsh{\"o}he als Funktion der Rauheitsdichte) erstellt worden. Mittels der darauf basierenden Parameterfunktion (Polynom a0 bis a5) kann eine allgemein g{\"u}ltige Verlustberechnung erfolgen.}, subject = {Rauheit; Periodizit{\"a}t; St{\"o}relemente; Fließwiderstand; Berechnungsvorschrift; Extreme roughnesses; Pipelines; Generally calculation; Fluid dynamics; Rauigkeit; Rohrstr{\"o}mung; Str{\"o}mungswiderstand; Periodizit{\"a}t}, language = {de} } @misc{OPUS4-6776, title = {Amtliches Mitteilungsblatt der BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, 2024, 33 (02.10.2024)}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6776}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-67769}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Weiterbildungssatzung vom 24. September 2024 (Satzung gem{\"a}ß Artikel II Abs. 6 des Beschlusses {\"u}ber die Errichtung des Zentrums f{\"u}r wissenschaftliche Weiterbildung (ZWW) als Zentrale wissenschaftliche Einrichtung der Brandenburgischen Technischen Universit{\"a}t Cottbus-Senftenberg (BTU) vom 18. Dezember 2018; AMbl. 10/2019 vom 15. Juli 2019)}, language = {de} } @misc{OrdunaMoncada2024, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Ordu{\~n}a Moncada, Andres Felipe}, title = {Assessing the influence of communication in an agglomeration bonus model as a strategy for land conservation}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6805}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-68055}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2024}, abstract = {One of the major challenges for humanity is related to biodiversity conservation. This can be reflected by the fact that there exist institutionally induced instruments that most nations have adopted for this purpose such as "pay to conserve" programs, in which a compensation is provided to landowners for engaging in conservation and/or biodiversity-friendly activities on their lands. These payments are proportional to the conserved areas. Another associated strategy would be the agglomeration bonus, which involves extra payment on top of the initial base for the conservation of areas next to those that have already been conserved, so as to promote continuity and agglomeration for improving biodiversity. Over the past two decades, these conservation strategies have received significative attention from researchers, which have used ecological and economic models to analyze the performance of such strategies. On this background, this master's thesis particularly focuses on the evaluation of communication among landowners in coordination of their future decisions, in the context of the afore mentioned conservation strategies. More precisely, this is explored as a feature within one of the previously proposed models to evaluate its potential correlation and/or causality with the performance of the conservation scheme. Simulations were run using an agent-based model, whereby a large dataset was generated. Statistical and interpretable machine learning methods were then applied on the dataset to investigate correlations and possible causations between state variables of the model and chosen predictors including the feature on communication. Relevant results have been obtained so far to indicate that indeed, communication does affect most of the state variables of the conservation model. Although the strength may not be equal to other predictors, communication features structured as the number of chat rounds among landowners were shown to be statistically significant in most cases. It was also found that having at least three chat rounds among landowners could give results similar to those obtained when the model reaches a stable state in terms of time, which it found to be with eleven or more timesteps. Other significative observations viewed in respect to the predictors were that the slope value of the curve utilized within the sigmoid function for the model comes out to exert a considerable influence and needs further research to redefine its real values.}, subject = {Agglomeration bonus; Agent-based model; Biodiversity conservation; Pay per conserve; Ecologic-economic models; Agglomerationsbonus; Bezahlung pro Konservierung; {\"O}kologisch-{\"o}konomische Modelle; Biodiversit{\"a}tserhaltung; Agentenbasierte Modelle; Biodiversit{\"a}t; Naturschutzplanung; Fl{\"a}chenschutz; Umweltbewertung}, language = {en} } @misc{OPUS4-6775, title = {Amtliches Mitteilungsblatt der BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, 2024, 32 (13.09.2024)}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6775}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-67759}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Bekanntmachung {\"u}ber die Aufhebung von Studieng{\"a}ngen - Maschinenbau (M.Eng.) - Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen (B.Eng.) - Informations- und Medientechnik (M.Sc.) - Kultur und Technik (M.A.) - Materialchemie (B.Sc.) - Materialchemie (M.Sc.) - Cognitive and Dependable Systems (Ph.D.) - Urban Design - Revitalization of Historic City Districts (M.Sc.)}, language = {de} } @misc{OPUS4-6774, title = {Amtliches Mitteilungsblatt der BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, 2024,31 (09.09.2024)}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6774}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-67748}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Satzung zur Sicherung guter wissenschaftlicher Praxis und zum Umgang mit Verdachtsf{\"a}llen wissenschaftlichen Fehlverhaltens an der Brandenburgischen Technischen Universit{\"a}t Cottbus-Senftenberg vom 20. Juli 2023}, language = {de} } @article{RadushevKarkossaBergetal.2024, author = {Radushev, Veselina and Karkossa, Isabel and Berg, Janina and Bergen, Martin von and Engelmann, Beatrice and Rolle-Kampczyk, Ulrike and Bl{\"u}her, Matthias and Wagner, Ulf and Schubert, Kristin and Rossol, Manuela}, title = {Dysregulated cytokine and oxidative response in hyperglycolytic monocytes in obesity}, series = {Frontiers in Immunology}, volume = {15}, journal = {Frontiers in Immunology}, publisher = {Frontiers}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-3224}, doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2024.1416543}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Obesity is associated with a plethora of health complications, including increased susceptibility to infections or decreased vaccine efficacy, partly due to dysregulated immune responses. Monocytes play a crucial role in innate immunity, yet their functional alterations in obesity remain poorly understood. Here, we employed proteomic and metabolomic analyses to investigate monocyte characteristics in individuals with overweight, obesity, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and type 2 diabetes (T2D), compared to lean donors. Our results revealed distinct molecular signatures in monocytes from individuals with obesity, with significant alterations in pathways related to metabolism, cellular migration, and phagocytosis. Moreover, LPS-induced activation of monocytes unveiled heightened metabolic reprogramming towards glycolysis in subjects with obesity accompanied by dysregulated cytokine responses and elevated oxidative stress. Additionally, monocytes from donors with obesity exhibited increased lipid droplet accumulation. These findings shed light on the immunometabolic dysregulation underlying obesity-associated immune dysfunction, highlighting potential targets for therapeutic intervention.}, subject = {Monocytes; Fettsucht; Glykolyse; Monazyt; Stoffwechsel; Immunsystem; Immunometabolism; Respiratory burst; Obesity; IL-8}, language = {en} } @article{AzamRoesslingGeitheetal.2024, author = {Azam, Hafiz Muhammad Husnain and R{\"o}ßling, Rosa Lise and Geithe, Christiane and Khan, Muhammad Moman and Dinter, Franziska and Hanack, Katja and Pr{\"u}ß, Harald and Husse, Britta and Roggenbruck, Dirk and Schierack, Peter and R{\"o}diger, Stefan}, title = {MicroRNA biomarkers as next-generation diagnostic tools for neurodegenerative diseases : a comprehensive review}, series = {Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience}, volume = {17}, journal = {Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience}, publisher = {Frontiers}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1662-5099}, doi = {10.3389/fnmol.2024.1386735}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by abnormalities within neurons of the brain or spinal cord that gradually lose function, eventually leading to cell death. Upon examination of affected tissue, pathological changes reveal a loss of synapses, misfolded proteins, and activation of immune cells all indicative of disease progression before severe clinical symptoms become apparent. Early detection of NDs is crucial for potentially administering targeted medications that may delay disease advancement. Given their complex pathophysiological features and diverse clinical symptoms, there is a pressing need for sensitive and effective diagnostic methods for NDs. Biomarkers such as microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as potential tools for detecting these diseases. We explore the pivotal role of miRNAs in the context of NDs, focusing on Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. The review delves into the intricate relationship between aging and NDs, highlighting structural and functional alterations in the aging brain and their implications for disease development. It elucidates how miRNAs and RNA-binding proteins are implicated in the pathogenesis of NDs and underscores the importance of investigating their expression and function in aging. Significantly, miRNAs exert substantial influence on post-translational modifications (PTMs), impacting not just the nervous system but a wide array of tissues and cell types as well. Specific miRNAs have been found to target proteins involved in ubiquitination or deubiquitination processes, which play a significant role in regulating protein function and stability. We discuss the link between miRNA, PTM, and NDs. Additionally, the review discusses the significance of miRNAs as biomarkers for early disease detection, offering insights into diagnostic strategies.}, subject = {Neurodegenerative diseases; MicroRNA; Diagnostic tools; Therapeutic tools; Protein post-translational modifications; Nervendegeneration; Biomarker; miRNS; Diagnose; Posttranslationale {\"A}nderung}, language = {en} } @article{AhmedZaforTrachte2024, author = {Ahmed, Rezwan and Zafor, Md. Abu and Trachte, Katja}, title = {Land-use and land-cover changes in Cottbus city and Spree-Neisse district, Germany, in the last two decades : a study using remote sensing data and Google Earth Engine}, series = {Remote Sensing}, volume = {16}, journal = {Remote Sensing}, number = {15}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2072-4292}, doi = {10.3390/rs16152773}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Regular detection of land-use and land-cover (LULC) changes with high accuracy is necessary for natural resources management and sustainable urban planning. The produced LULC maps from Google Earth Engine (GEE) also illustrate the transformation of the LULC for the respective landscape over time. The selected study area, Cottbus City and the Spree-Neisse district in northeastern Germany, has undergone significant development over the past decades due to various factors, including urbanization and industrialization; also, the landscape has been converted in some areas for post-mining activities. Detection of LULC changes that have taken place over the last few decades thus plays a vital role in quantifying the impact of these factors while improving the knowledge of these developments and supporting the city planners or urban management officials before implementing further long-term development initiatives for the future. Therefore, the study aims to (i) detect LULC changes for the time slices 2002 and 2022, testing machine learning (ML) algorithms in supervised and unsupervised classification for Landsat satellite imageries, and (ii) validate the newly produced LULC maps with the available regional database (RDB) from the federal and state statistical offices, Germany, and the DynamicWorld (DW) near real-time 10 m global LULC data set powered by artificial intelligence (AI). The results of the Random Forest (RF) and the Smilecart classifiers of supervised classification using Landsat 9 OLI-2/TIRS-2 in 2022 demonstrated a validation accuracy of 88\% for both, with Kappa Index (KI) of 83\% and 84\%, respectively. Moreover, the Training Overall Accuracy (TOA) was 100\% for both years. The wekaKMeans cluster of the unsupervised classification also illustrated a similar transformation pattern in the LULC maps. Overall, the produced LULC maps offered an improved representation of the selected region's various land-cover classes (i.e., vegetation, waterbodies, built areas, and bare ground) in the last two decades (2022 to 2022).}, subject = {LULC; Machine learning; Landsat; Google Earth Engine; Landnutzung; Bodenbedeckung; Landsat; Google Earth; Maschinelles Lernen}, language = {en} } @article{OttoPuchol‑RoyoOrtega‑Legarretaetal.2024, author = {Otto, Pascal and Puchol‑Royo, Roser and Ortega‑Legarreta, Asier and Tanner, Kristie and Tideman, Jeroen and Vries, Sjoerd‑Jan de and Pascual, Javier and Porcar, Manuel and Latorre‑P{\´e}rez, Adriel and Abendroth, Christian}, title = {Multivariate comparison of taxonomic, chemical and operational data from 80 different full‑scale anaerobic digester‑related systems}, series = {Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts}, volume = {17}, journal = {Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts}, publisher = {BMC}, address = {London}, issn = {2731-3654}, doi = {10.1186/s13068-024-02525-1}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The holistic characterization of different microbiomes in anaerobic digestion (AD) systems can contribute to a better understanding of these systems and provide starting points for bioengineering. The present study investigates the microbiome of 80 European full-scale AD systems. Operational, chemical and taxonomic data were thoroughly collected, analysed and correlated to identify the main drivers of AD processes. The present study describes chemical and operational parameters for a broad spectrum of different AD systems. With this data, Spearman correlation and differential abundance analyses were applied to narrow down the role of the individual microorganisms detected. The authors succeeded in further limiting the number of microorganisms in the core microbiome for a broad range of AD systems. Based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, MBA03, Proteiniphilum, a member of the family Dethiobacteraceae, the genus Caldicoprobacter and the methanogen Methanosarcina were the most prevalent and abundant organisms identified in all digesters analysed. High ratios for Methanoculleus are often described for agricultural co-digesters. Therefore, it is remarkable that Methanosarcina was surprisingly high in several digesters reaching ratios up to 47.2\%. The various statistical analyses revealed that the microorganisms grouped according to different patterns. A purely taxonomic correlation enabled a distinction between an acetoclastic cluster and a hydrogenotrophic one. However, in the multivariate analysis with chemical parameters, the mainclusters corresponded to hydrolytic and acidogenic microorganisms, with SAOB bacteria being particularly important in the second group. Including operational parameters resulted in digester-type specific grouping of microbes. Those with separate acidification stood out among the many reactor types due to their unexpected behaviour. Despite maximizing the organic loading rate in the hydrolytic pretreatments, these stages turned into extremely robust methane production units. From 80 different AD systems, one of the most holistic data sets is provided. A very distinct formation of microbial clusters was discovered, depending on whether taxonomic, chemical or operational parameters were combined. The microorganisms in the individual clusters were strongly dependent on the respective reference parameters.}, subject = {Anaerobic digestion; 16S rRNA sequencing; Core microbiome; Multivariate analysis; Parameter dependency; G{\"a}rung; Mikrobiom ; Multivariate Analyse; Laborparameter}, language = {en} } @article{HelmerHelmerYohannesetal.2024, author = {Helmer, Michelle and Helmer, Desiree and Yohannes, Elizabeth and Newton, Jason and Dietrich, Daniel R. and Martin-Creuzburg, Dominik}, title = {Dissolved nitrogen uptake versus nitrogen fixation : mode of nitrogen acquisition affects stable isotope signatures of a diazotrophic cyanobacterium and its grazer}, series = {PLOS ONE}, volume = {19}, journal = {PLOS ONE}, number = {8}, publisher = {PLOS}, address = {San Francisco}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0306173}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Field studies suggest that changes in the stable isotope ratios of phytoplankton communities can be used to track changes in the utilization of different nitrogen sources, i.e., to detect shifts from dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) uptake to atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) fixation by diazotrophic cyanobacteria as an indication of nitrogen limitation. We explored changes in the stable isotope signature of the diazotrophic cyanobacterium Trichormus variabilis in response to increasing nitrate (NO₃⁻) concentrations (0 to 170 mg L⁻¹) under controlled laboratory conditions. In addition, we explored the influence of nitrogen utilization at the primary producer level on trophic fractionation by studying potential changes in isotope ratios in the freshwater model Daphnia magna feeding on the differently grown cyanobacteria. We show that δ ¹⁵N values of the cyanobacterium increase asymptotically with DIN availability, from -0.7 per mille in the absence of DIN (suggesting N₂ fixation) to 2.9 per mille at the highest DIN concentration (exclusive DIN uptake). In contrast, δ ¹³C values of the cyanobacterium did not show a clear relationship with DIN availability. The stable isotope ratios of the consumer reflected those of the differently grown cyanobacteria but also revealed significant trophic fractionation in response to nitrogen utilization at the primary producer level. Nitrogen isotope turnoverrates of Daphnia were highest in the absence of DIN as a consequence of N₂ fixation and resulting depletion in ¹⁵N at the primary producer level. Our results highlight the potential of stable isotopes to assess nitrogen limitation and to explore diazotrophy in aquatic food webs.}, subject = {Isotope ratios; Nitrogen; Cyanobacterium; Phytoplankton; Cyanobakterien; Isotopenh{\"a}ufigkeit; Stickstoffbedarf}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Feng2024, author = {Feng, Lanya}, title = {Beetle Communities in Disturbed Landscapes}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6813}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-68135}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Disturbances can be any discrete events that significantly affect ecosystem components, they can be natural events such as wildfires and floods, or anthropogenic events like farming, mining, and deforestation. Disturbances are the most important source of temporal and spatial heterogeneity and shape the composition and dynamics of natural communities. However, after many years of research, it is still difficult to predict the response patterns of natural communities to disturbances accurately. This dissertation aimed to investigate the taxonomic, functional, and trophic response of beetle communities to three types of disturbances in field studies. Chapter 3 is based on an experiment in an unmanaged heathland area that was affected by a severe wildfire (natural disturbance). Emergence tents and wild boar carcasses were used to analyse the impact of wildfires on re-colonization and emergence of carrion-associated scavenging beetle species from local soils. Chapter 4 focused on effects of fallows at the local scale and proportions of permanent agricultural grasslands at the landscape scale on the taxonomic and functional diversity of the emerging ground beetles in intensively managed cereal fields (anthropogenic disturbance). Chapter 5 addressed the trophic links between the prey (dipterans emerging from lakes or terrestrial collembolans) and predators (ground beetles) at a post-mining lakeshore (anthropogenic disturbance) and compared the patterns of their isotopic niches (δ13C and δ15N) with data from a natural lakeshore. Overall, species composition, trait diversity and trophic interactions were more sensitive to indicate the disturbance conditions than traditional diversity indices, independent on the nature of disturbance (natural or anthropogenic). When the intensity and frequency of disturbance is moderate, the habitat complexity can be maintained, and the taxonomic and functional diversity of beetle communities could even be promoted by the disturbance, rare species with specialized preferences could be conserved. Disturbances, however, do not just affect consumers at higher trophic levels (e.g. predators or scavengers), but may have even greater impact on communities at basal trophic levels (e.g. aquatic dipterans, Collembola, herbivorous beetles) and could further affect the feeding preferences of predatory beetles that utilize such organisms as prey. The findings not only provided unique data and novel insights to effects of land-use and management on the conservation of beetle communities in disturbed landscapes, but also highlighted the need to better understand the impacts of disturbances on integrated aspects of the ecological communities.}, subject = {Trophic interaction; Beetles; Disturbances; Taxonomic diversity; Functional diversity; K{\"a}fer; St{\"o}rungen; Taxonomische Vielfalt; Funktionelle Vielfalt; Trophische Interaktion}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schlipf2024, author = {Schlipf, J{\´o}n Benedikt}, title = {Enhancement of group-IV optoelectronic sensing devices through materials engineering and nanostructuring}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6797}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-67979}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Driven by the continuous research progress in integrated electronics towards increasing complexity and miniaturization, semiconductor technology has not only yielded very powerful electronic devices, but also provided the necessary tools for miniaturization of mechanical, optical and other functions into micro- and nanoscale devices. While transistor scaling approaches the physical limits mainly governed by heat dissipation, further advances are predicted to stem from the integration of additional functionality into integrated circuits instead. For the case of photonics and optoelectronics, which have plenty of applications in computing, communications and sensing, silicon devices have been applied commercially for several years. While being compatible with mainstream electronics, silicon does not offer the optimum properties for mediation between optics and electronics compared to, for example, III-V materials. To alleviate this, properties can be improved both through wavelength-scale structuring and exploitation of resonances, and through alloying with other group-IV materials like germanium and tin. Both of these avenues are studied within this work. On one hand, nanophotonic structures, most notably metasurfaces, and corresponding simulation and optimization algorithms, are developed for selective filtering and enhancement of light-matter interactions. On the other hand, group-IV materials are studied, most notably their non-destructive characterization with optical methods.}, subject = {Metasurface; Group-IV; Plasmonics; Photodetector; Nanophotonik; Plasmonik; Gruppe-IV-Materialien; Integrierte Schaltung; Nanophotonik; Plasmonik; Silicium; Germanium}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Osou2024, author = {Osou, Rokan}, title = {Inspiring heritage in contemporary architekture : a case study of Aga Khan Award for Architecture}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6798}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-67984}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The Arab countries have notably rich and valuable architectural history; however, the buildings of the last 80 years are predominantly featureless or only use superficially decorative traditional architectural elements. This debate has been discussed by historians, architects, and urban planners for more than five decades. The Aga Khan Award for Architecture, one of the most momentous pioneering awards in Islamic countries concerning architectural identity and the improvement of built environments, has significantly contributed to this discussion. In the 1950s and 1960s, the Western International Style was imported into Arab countries without considering its compatibility with the local climate and culture; Arab architects, holders of European graduate degrees, and Western planners and architects were invited by the newly liberated countries' national governments to lead the architecture modernization process. As a response to the International Style and the resulting global mono-architecture that emerged after the 1960s, new trends such as New Vernacular (the contemporary reinterpretation of Vernacular techniques and traditions in architecture), Contextualism, and Critical Regionalism arose to show that architecture should reference the physical and cultural contexts. In addition, the current climate crisis has raised awareness of a rethinking. This study uses crucial research and architectural examples to show a way toward contextual architecture in Arab countries. In particular, it draws on Paul Ricoeur's work in History and Truth to ask the following questions: "How can traditional architecture be part of the modernization process and at the same time retain its distinct entity?" "Can approaches based on tradition solve the identity crisis in Arabic architecture? "and "Can lessons be learned for future projects? " The most worthwhile contemporary buildings in the Arab countries inspired by the architectural heritage and/or awarded the Aga Khan Award for Architecture have been researched. The author comes to the conclusion that the study of traditional architecture can contribute to improving the ecological balance of future architecture, while preserving the architectural and cultural identity of the Arab countries. A combination of understanding the environmental performance of Vernacular Architecture with sustainable features and the current knowledge of building science and technology may help in finding effective contextual strategies both culturally and climatically. These strategies may be used today to provide sustainable heritage for future generations.}, subject = {New vernacular; Nachhaltige Architektur; Critical regionalism; Aga Khan Award for Architecture; Arab Architecture; Sustainability; Aga-Khan-Preis f{\"u}r Architektur; Traditionen in der Architektur; Kritischer Regionalismus; Arabische Architektur; Arabien; Aga Khan award for architecture; Architektur; Architekturkritik; Regionalismus; Volksarchitektur; Nachhaltigkeit; Bau{\"o}kologie; Geschichte}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{deTomasMarin2024, author = {de Tom{\´a}s Mar{\´i}n, Sergio}, title = {Analysis of the functional structure of plant communities from the sub-Mediterranean ecotone}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6804}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-68044}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Ecotones are transitional regions between two areas with contrasting ecological features, where elements from the adjacent systems as well as unique species coexist. They are ideal systems to study community assembly mechanisms along environmental gradients. The Iberian Peninsula is one of the largest ecotones in Europe, with Mediterranean climate in the south and Temperate in the north, area known as the sub-Mediterranean region. The broad aim of this thesis is to understand the mechanisms driving plant community assembly in the Iberian sub-Mediterranean ecotone from a functional trait-based approach. In chapter 3 we focused on the two main tree species in a sub-Mediterranean forest of central Spain known as Hayedo de Montejo (UNESCO World Heritage Site): Fagus sylvatica L., a typical Eurosiberian species, and Quercus pyrenaica Willd., a typical Mediterranean species. We quantified functional niche partitioning by estimating the hypervolume of nine traits related to resource acquisition plus relative growth rate as an additional trait. We also estimated environmental niche similarity between both species. While both species shared the environmental niche, they showed notably different functional resource-use strategies, promoting a high complementarity between them. In chapter 4 we studied the mechanisms driving the assembly of 19 woody species in six communities of the Hayedo de Montejo forest. We analysed functional structure variations among communities by estimating the community-weighted mean (CWM), skewness (CWS) and kurtosis (CWK) at whole-plant level. Additionally, we estimated the relative contribution of species turnover and intraspecific trait variability (ITV) to variation in CWM. We detected three axes of variation: Leaf and Root Economics Spectrum, and plant hydraulic architecture, respectively. CWM strongly differed among communities according to their biogeographic origin (Eurosiberian vs Mediterranean). Differences in CWS and CWK indicated different trends in the functional structure among communities and the coexistence of different functional strategies, respectively. Variation in CMW among communities was mainly due to ITV. In chapter 5 we analyzed the taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity of four sub-Mediterranean grasslands of contrasting biogeographic origin (Eurosiberian vs Mediterranean). Further, we decoupled phylogeny and traits to uncover potentially hidden patterns. Communities segregated by their biogeographic origin (Eurosiberian vs Mediterranean) along a soil recourse gradient in line with the Economics Spectrum; however, some traits varied independently from this axis. Assembly patterns showed a general phylogenetic over-dispersion together with functional clustering when decoupling phylogeny and traits. Our results support the idea that the sub-Mediterranean ecotone is a highly diverse and fragile habitat, where even minor environmental changes can lead to strong changes in the functional structure of the ecosystem.}, subject = {Functional Ecology; Sub-Mediterranean Ecotone; Community Aseembly; Plant Ecology; Umweltnische; Sub-Mediterrane {\"O}kotone; Funktionelle Struktur; Intraspezifische Variabilit{\"a}t; Gemeinschaftliche Versammlung; Iberische Halbinsel; {\"O}koton; Waldgesellschaft; Gr{\"u}ndlandgesellschaft; {\"O}kologische Nische}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Le2024, author = {Le, Quang Huy}, title = {Empirical large-signal modeling of 22-nm FDSOI CMOS transistors in RF/mm-Wave range}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6807}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-68077}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In recent years, the deployment of the 5th generation (5G) telecommunications network has fuelled growing interest in low-power and low-cost wireless transceivers in the radio frequency integrated circuits (RFIC) market. With silicon-based complementary- metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technologies, the digital circuitries and the RF front-end can be implemented monolithically as a single system-on-chip (SoC). In such scenario, advanced fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI) technology has emerged as a potential candidate to meet the market demand. In particular, the industry's 22-nm FDSOI technology has been continuously matured in accordance with the development roadmap for 5G mm-wave applications. Research in transistor device modeling is of high importance to support the technology development process. Moreover, a large-signal model that accurately captures and reflects the transistor's nonlinear behaviour is essential for circuit design and reliability analysis. Hence, this thesis deals with measurement-based approach, i.e., empirical modeling, to develop a suitable large-signal model for the mm-wave transistors in 22-nm FDSOI technology platform. A versatile and efficient large-signal model based on the Angelov (Chalmers) model is proposed in this work. Besides, artificial neural network (ANN) is utilized to model the gate charge of the transistors. Moreover, the systematic modeling procedure addresses many important issues to ensure good model-to-hardware correlation. The proposed model is well validated for small-signal operation up to 110 GHz. Furthermore, by means of non- 50-Ω large-signal measurements, the excellent model validity to predict the nonlinear distortions of the FDSOI transistors is also comprehensively demonstrated. Finally, to evaluate the model applicability in RF circuit design, the proposed model is implemented in a commercial circuit simulator for the design of a wideband 22-nm FDSOI power amplifier.}, subject = {mm-wave; 22-nm; FDSOI; CMOS; ANN; Large-signal model; KNN; Großsignalmodell; mm-Wellen; Modellierung; Großsignalverhalten; Transistor; SOI-Technik; CMOS-Schaltung; Milimeterwelle; 5G}, language = {en} }