@article{MbuyaPawarJafarietal.2025, author = {Mbuya, Christel Olivier Lenge and Pawar, Kunal and Jafari, Mitra and Shafiee, Parisa and Okoye Chine, Chike George and Tarifa, Pilar and Dorneanu, Bogdan and Arellano-Garcia, Harvey}, title = {Tuning catalyst performance in methane dry reforming via microwave irradiation of nickel-silicon carbide systems}, series = {Journal of CO2 Utilization}, volume = {102}, journal = {Journal of CO2 Utilization}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2212-9820}, doi = {10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103270}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-72832}, year = {2025}, abstract = {The dry reforming of methane (DRM) is a promising route for converting greenhouse gases such as methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) into valuable syngas, hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO). However, traditional nickel (Ni)-based catalysts suffer from rapid deactivation due to carbon deposition and sintering, especially when supported on low thermal conductivity materials. In this work, a novel post-synthesis microwave irradiation (MIR) treatment is introduced to systematically optimize the performance of Ni - β - SiC and Ni - Ti - Cβ - SiC catalysts for DRM. Unlike previous studies that have used MIR during reaction or with different supports, this approach tunes the metal - support interactions and textural properties of Ni - β - SiC and Ni - Ti - Cβ - SiC catalysts by varying the MIR exposure time after catalyst synthesis. MIR post-treatment (10-25 s) increased the CH4 conversion to 65 \% and the CO2 conversions to 62 \% for Ni-β-SiC catalysts and improved the H₂/CO ratio to 0.80, with stable performance over 20 h. For Ni-Ti-Cβ-SiC, MIR (10-20 s) maintained CH4 conversion up to 60 \% and CO2 conversion to 58 \% over 20 h, while the untreated catalyst, though initially higher, deactivated rapidly. Excessive MIR (30 s) reduced performance for both catalyst types, underscoring the need for optimal exposure time. These findings demonstrate post-synthesis MIR provides a tuneable approach for enhancing both the activity and durability of Ni/SiC - based DRM catalysts through controlled modification of metal - support interactions. This work offers new insights for the design of robust catalysts aimed at greenhouse gas utilization and sustainable syngas production, with activity and stability enhancements linked to controlled changes in metal - support interactions.}, subject = {Carbon dioxide; Dry reforming; Methane; Microwave irradiation; Ni Silicon carbide catalysts}, language = {en} } @article{SharmaRadomskyMathiazhaganetal.2025, author = {Sharma, Dikshant and Radomsky, Lukas and Mathiazhagan, Akilan and Asli, Majid and H{\"o}schler, Klaus and Mallwitz, Regine}, title = {Thermal analysis of metal foam integrated heatsink for electrified aircraft applications}, series = {International Journal of Thermofluids}, volume = {30}, journal = {International Journal of Thermofluids}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2666-2027}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101465}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Metal foams facilitate large heat dissipation in high-power dense systems such as power electronics for electrified propulsion application. This work addresses the cooling of a power semiconductor device with aluminium and copper metal foam integrated hybrid heatsink and its comparative analysis to a conventional finned heatsink using 0D and 3D modelling approach. Two-equation foam model in Fluent is utilized and the numerical approach is validated against experimental dataset. Inlet air velocity is varied such that the Darcy to turbulent regimes of the open-cellular foams are covered. Foam porosities from ∼ 0.85-0.95 with 10-20 PPI are investigated and the thermal performance of the heatsink is found to be independent of the foam material. High porosity (> 0.9), 20 PPI foams are found to aid forced-convection by improving the thermal resistance by more than 10\% against the 10 PPI counterparts. The hybrid heatsink outperforms the foam-based and conventional heatsink by 40\% and 15\% respectively when considering the reduction in junction temperatures, while the hydraulic resistance increases 10 times when compared to the conventional one. The 0D thermal resistance model is robust in predicting the junction temperatures for metal foam heatsinks with only a 5\%-6\% discrepancy for both the 50 W and 100 W heat load scenarios. The key and novel contribution of this study is the integration of detailed 3D simulations of a power electronics cooling environment with the development of a corresponding 0D thermal model. This approach not only eases the physical representation of the system but also enables the model to be extended to diverse heat load conditions.}, subject = {Electric propulsion; Electronics thermal management; Metal foam heatsink; Porous media; Forced convection}, language = {en} } @article{YangHenkeMoehlenkamp2025, author = {Yang, Yinghui and Henke, Markus and M{\"o}hlenkamp, Georg}, title = {Analytical investigation of short-circuit protection and post-fault operation in dual three-phase PMSMs for hybrid electric counter-rotating compressor applications}, series = {IEEE Access}, volume = {14}, journal = {IEEE Access}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {New York}, issn = {2169-3536}, doi = {10.1109/ACCESS.2026.3658195}, pages = {17303 -- 17323}, year = {2025}, abstract = {The hybrid electric counter-rotating compressor (CRC) has the potential to improve power-specific fuel consumption in aircraft engines. However, due to its cascaded structure, a reduction or loss of driving power in a single compressor stage can significantly degrade the overall compressor performance. A short-circuit fault is a typical electrical failure in an electric motor that can lead to a complete loss of driving power. One innovative post-fault operation strategy is to utilize the braking capability of the failed motor at low speed to lock its corresponding compressor stage. In this way, the failed stage can function as a stator stage, still providing degraded flow-guiding capability and preventing reverse rotation. This article investigates the short-circuit protection strategy and post-fault operation of dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors (DTP-PMSMs) for hybrid electric CRC applications. Analytical models are developed to characterize the post-fault behavior of the DTP-PMSM. Key design factors are defined, and their influence on post-fault performance is analyzed. Critical post-fault operating points are identified to evaluate and compare different protection strategies. Based on these results, an optimized shortcircuit protection strategy is proposed for DTP-PMSMs in CRC applications. Finally, the analytical findings and the proposed strategy are validated through simulation.}, subject = {Windings; Circuit faults; Rotors; Torque; Protection}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schiller2025, author = {Schiller, Josepha}, title = {Explainable artificial intelligence for understanding cross-scale diversification in agricultural landscapes}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-7245}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-72457}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Agricultural production is expected to cope with numerous challenges in the future. Therefore, the diversification of agricultural systems has gained attention as a promising solution to meet ecological, economic, and social needs in the long term. Despite the overall positive reports of diversification effects, the joint distribution of temporal and spatial diversity and their influencing factors remains largely unexplored. This thesis aims to assess the interrelations of diversity within the agricultural system at the field, farm, and landscape levels and to investigate the links between temporal and spatial crop diversity in Brandenburg, Germany, from 2011 to 2020 using machine learning (ML) combined with explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) tools. This approach involves identifying influencing factors of agricultural diversity such as farm attributes, landscape complexity, and environmental conditions. Data on agricultural land use were derived from the Integrated Administration and Control System (IACS), covering more than 5,642 farms and over 150,000 fields annually. The results revealed (1) a negative relationship between temporal crop diversity at the field level and landscape level complexity associated with soil quality and (2) a positive link between temporal and spatial crop diversity associated with higher crop diversity at the farm level. The potential of using XAI as a trust-enhancing tool for machine learning in such an interdisciplinary research setting was explored by reviewing the recent use of XAI tools in environmental and Earth system sciences in 575 studies. This revealed (3) that despite the increasing use of XAI tools in the environmental and Earth system sciences over time, the question of whether XAI can contribute to increased trust, e.g., in high-stakes decision contexts, has been addressed in only 1.2\% of the studies. These findings contribute to understanding synergies and trade-offs between diversity within agricultural systems across levels and scales and its influencing factors. They also provide insights into the potential of XAI tools toward trustworthy ML applications. These findings can serve to develop targeted diversification strategies that enhance the resilience of agricultural systems and the sustainability of agricultural landscapes and improve the trustworthiness of ML and XAI in interdisciplinary research settings.}, subject = {Explainable artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Agricultural landscapes; Crop diversification; Heterogeneous landscapes; Erkl{\"a}rbare k{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz; Maschinelles Lernen; Kulturpflanzenvielfalt; Landschaftsheterogenit{\"a}t; Agrarlandschaften; Agrarlandschaft; Kulturpflanzen; Diversifikation ; Landschafts{\"o}kologie; Maschinelles Lernen; Erkl{\"a}rbare k{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz}, language = {en} } @article{JuliaJuliaTobias2025, author = {Julia, Zscherneck and Julia, Binder and Tobias, Mettenberger}, title = {Rural network assemblages : disentangling egocentric networks of digital pioneers in peripheral German regions}, series = {Regional studies, regional science}, volume = {12}, journal = {Regional studies, regional science}, number = {1}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London}, issn = {2168-1376}, doi = {10.1080/21681376.2025.2594312}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-72787}, pages = {996 -- 1012}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Digital solutions are seen as promising ways of addressing current challenges in rural regions. Individual or group key actors accessing resources foster these developments through networks. In light of regional clustering and agglomeration effects on the one hand and increased virtual mobility on the other hand, assumptions about the spatiality of such networks are highly controversial. Our paper takes this as a point of departure, asking how spatiality is constructed in the networks of so-called 'digital pioneers' (DPs). The sampling process took place in two German rural regions with different preconditions for digital technology adoption, where we conducted egocentric network analysis and qualitative interviews. Employing the assemblage perspective, we analysed networks of 30 individuals in terms of the analytical categories of territoriality, stability and connectivity. Our findings distinguish between three important roles of network contacts: (1) multipliers in social networking, (2) users of the DP's products and services, as well as (3) close family members that are important in professional contexts. Although DPs are often deeply embedded in and feel attached to their region, networks vary significantly in their territorial radius, also including highly functional problem-solving contacts to distant places. Consequently, our evidence challenges static territorial models of innovation processes, advocating for processual and multidimensional perspectives that consider social networks and individual agency. Likewise, our study complements current research on rural governance by shifting the focus from key institutions and formal networks to less formally integrated actors and problem-solving networks.}, subject = {Qualitative network analysis; Assemblage; Bridging and bonding ties; Peripheral regions Germany}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schulte2025, author = {Schulte, Clara Jiva}, title = {St{\"a}hlerne Bahnbr{\"u}cken als Erbe der Hochmoderne : Grundlagen f{\"u}r eine ganzheitliche Entscheidungsfindung zwischen Instandsetzung und Erneuerung}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-7218}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-72182}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Im Netz der DB AG befinden sich ca. 5.000 Br{\"u}cken aus Stahl. Etwa die H{\"a}lfte wurde zwischen 1880 und 1920 errichtet. Einige stehen wegen ihrer baukulturellen Bedeutung als identit{\"a}tspr{\"a}gende Zeugnisse der industriellen Revolution unter Denkmalschutz. Der Erhalt dieser Bauwerke bietet nicht nur aus Sicht der in ihnen gespeicherten Goldenen Energie, den immateriellen Wert eines Bauwerks, ein enormes Potenzial, sondern auch in {\"o}kologischer Hinsicht durch die Graue Energie. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus bringt die Weiternutzung der Br{\"u}cken angesichts steigender Baukosten infolge von Ressourcenknappheit und globalen Krisen {\"o}konomische Vorteile. Dennoch sind zahlreiche historische, st{\"a}hlerne Bahnbr{\"u}cken abgebrochen und ersetzt worden, da ein Neubau als sicherer, planbarer und wirtschaftlicher gilt. Die M{\"o}glichkeit, eine Br{\"u}cke durch Instandsetzungs- oder Ert{\"u}chtigungsmaßnahmen an ge{\"a}nderte Anforderungen anzupassen, wird h{\"a}ufig bereits zu Beginn der Planungen mit Verweis auf technische oder wirtschaftliche Aspekte verworfen. Dies liegt an Finanzierungsbedingungen sowie einem stark monodisziplin{\"a}ren Entscheidungs- und Planungsprozess. Die maßgeblichen Stakeholder werden oft erst sp{\"a}t einbezogen, sodass {\"A}nderungen nicht mehr ohne erhebliche Zeit- und Kostenverluste m{\"o}glich sind. Nicht selten f{\"u}hrt dies zu Auseinandersetzungen, die Baumaßnahmen verz{\"o}gern. Die Dissertation verfolgt das Ziel, durch die Entwicklung methodischer Grundlagen f{\"u}r eine parametrisierte, wertebasierte Bewertungsmethodik einen ganzheitlichen Vergleich von Interventionsvarianten an denkmalgesch{\"u}tzten, st{\"a}hlernen Bahnbr{\"u}cken bereits in einer fr{\"u}hen Planungsphase zu erm{\"o}glichen. Neben technischen und {\"o}konomischen Kriterien werden Aspekte der Baukultur und {\"O}kologie gleichberechtigt ber{\"u}cksichtigt. Dynamische Steuerungsparameter erm{\"o}glichen einen iterativen Entscheidungsprozess, in dem die Stakeholderinteressen transparent gegeneinander abgewogen werden. Ausgehend von einer bautechnikgeschichtlichen Kontextualisierung st{\"a}hlerner Br{\"u}cken um 1900 sowie der Analyse zentraler Potenziale und Hindernisse f{\"u}r die Integration von Nachhaltigkeitsprinzipien werden Bewertungskriterien f{\"u}r die vier Kategorien formuliert. Im Abgleich mit Kriterien und Verfahren aus Hoch- und Straßenbr{\"u}ckenbau wird ein auf die Anforderungen denkmalgesch{\"u}tzter Bestandsbahnbr{\"u}cken aus Stahl abgestimmtes, synoptisches Bewertungssystem entwickelt. Die Validierung erfolgt anhand von vier realen Br{\"u}ckenbauprojekten der DB AG, bei denen historische Br{\"u}cken {\"u}berwiegend durch Neubauten ersetzt wurden. F{\"u}r jede Fallstudie werden zwei alternative Erhaltungskonzepte entwickelt und ganzheitlich bewertet. Die Dissertation zeigt, dass ein ganzheitliches Bewertungsverfahren f{\"u}r st{\"a}hlerne, denkmalgesch{\"u}tzte Bestandsbr{\"u}cken zielf{\"u}hrend ist, wenn es fr{\"u}hzeitig und partizipativ integriert wird. Die Fallstudien belegen, dass unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung baukultureller und {\"o}kologischer Kriterien Ert{\"u}chtigungsvarianten einem Ersatzneubau h{\"a}ufig ebenb{\"u}rtig sind.}, subject = {St{\"a}hlerne Bahnbr{\"u}cken; Bautechnische Denkmalpflege; Instandsetzung und Ert{\"u}chtigung; Suffizienz-Strategien; Entscheidungshilfe; Steel railway bridges; Structural heritage conservation; Rehabilitation and strengthening; Sufficiency strategies; Decision support; Eisenbahnbr{\"u}cke; Stahl; Baudenkmal; Modernisierung ; Bausubstanz; Erhaltung; Suffizienz; Entscheidungsunterst{\"u}tzung}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Agunbiade2025, author = {Agunbiade, Michael Bode}, title = {Human perceptions, ecological role and threats to the hooded vultures (𝘕𝘦𝘤𝘳𝘰𝘴𝘺𝘳𝘵𝘦𝘴 𝘮𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘤𝘩𝘶𝘴) in the Gambia : conservation implications}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-7270}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-72705}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Hooded Vultures (Necrosyrtes monachus) are critically endangered urban scavengers that are declining rapidly across West Africa due to poisoning, habitat destruction, and belief-based exploitation. In cities and towns, they provide vital ecosystem services by removing organic waste, limiting pest outbreaks, and reducing disease risks. Despite their importance, their populations and habitats remain undervalued and insufficiently protected in many regions, including The Gambia. Conservation planning is further constrained by limited quantitative information on (i) belief-based use of vultures, (ii) the influence of organic waste availability on scavenger community composition at slaughterhouses, and (iii) local perceptions and attitudes toward vulture conservation. This thesis assesses ecosystem services provided by Hooded Vultures in The Gambia, focusing on their role in urban organic waste removal, while identifying threats and proposing strategies for effective conservation. Specifically, it (1) investigates belief-based use of vultures in West Africa, (2) maps suitable habitats in The Gambia, (3) evaluates how organic waste availability shapes scavenger communities and interactions at slaughterhouses, and (4) examines community perceptions and perceived threats. A systematic review of 92 studies demonstrates that belief-based use is a major driver of vulture mortality in West Africa, contributing up to 29\% of documented deaths, with Hooded Vultures disproportionately affected and comprising over 90\% of trafficked parts in some areas. Poisoning, both intentional and accidental, is the primary method of killing, and increasing demand has raised the cost of vulture parts, further incentivizing exploitation. Habitat suitability modeling using MaxEnt and road surveys (791 km, 2017-2021) indicates that only 11.6\% of The Gambia represents highly suitable habitat, concentrated mainly in the western region and Greater Banjul, where food resources associated with human settlements are abundant. Built-up area density, proximity to roads, and water availability explain most variation in occurrence. Surveys of five slaughterhouses reveal that Hooded Vultures dominate where organic waste is highest, confirming their ecological role, although domestic dogs frequently outcompete them during direct interactions. Finally, questionnaires from 200 respondents show predominantly positive attitudes (74\%) and recognition of the species' benefits, while highlighting poisoning, habitat loss, and belief-based use as key threats and revealing limited awareness of conservation initiatives. Overall, conserving Hooded Vultures in The Gambia requires integrated actions combining habitat protection, waste management, poisoning prevention, and community engagement to safeguard both biodiversity and essential ecosystem services.}, subject = {Urban waste management; Conservation strategies; Suitable habitats; Community perceptions; St{\"a}dtische Abfallwirtschaft; Erhaltungsstrategien; Geeignete Lebensr{\"a}ume; Gemeinschaftswahrnehmungen}, language = {en} } @article{MalkRiedelHinzetal.2025, author = {Malk, Konrad and Riedel, Ramona and Hinz, Christoph and Fischer, Thomas and Martienssen, Marion}, title = {Adsorption of phosphonates to iron- or aluminum-based flocculants in wastewater treatment}, series = {Water}, volume = {18}, journal = {Water}, number = {1}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2073-4441}, doi = {10.3390/w18010116}, year = {2025}, abstract = {In this study, we investigated the impact of varying iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) contents on the adsorption of phosphonates to activated sludge. Phosphonates originating from household applications account for up to 40\% of the non-reactive dissolved phosphorus in domestic sewage treatment plants and thus can contribute to the eutrophication of water bodies. Although these substances are not readily degradable, substantial quantities, ranging from 40\% to more than 90\%, are removed by sludge adsorption. The results demonstrate a strong correlation between the adsorption of aminophosphonates and the Fe3+ content of the sludge. The maximum phosphonate loadings were 5.94 mmol g-1 Fe3+ for ATMP, 4.94 mmol g-1 Fe3+ for EDTMP, 4.74 mmol g-1 Fe3+ for DTPMP, and 2.25 mmol g-1 Fe3+ for glyphosate. In contrast to pure ferric hydride flocs, the adsorption of phosphonates was approximately threefold higher when the hydroxides were located within activated sludge flocs. It is concluded that native sludge flocs provide larger iron surfaces than ferric hydroxide alone. Based on the weight of the adsorbents, aluminum salts were four times less efficient than ferric salts. In sludge without ferric or aluminum hydroxides, phosphonate adsorption was negligible.}, subject = {Adsorption; Activated sludge; Ferrous oxide; Phosphonates; Wastewater treatment}, language = {en} } @article{SenguelReiterLotfietal.2025, author = {Seng{\"u}l, Akant and Reiter, Sebastian and Lotfi, Zahra and Efremenko, Julia and Laroussi, Arwa and Corley-Wiciak, Agnieszka Anna and Ratzke, Markus and Mirsky, Vladimir M. and Wenger, Christian and Fischer, Inga Anita}, title = {Titanium nitride plasmonic nanohole arrays with polymer coating : optical properties and their humidity-induced modifications}, series = {Optical Materials Express}, volume = {16}, journal = {Optical Materials Express}, number = {2}, publisher = {Optica Publishing Group}, address = {Washington D.C.}, issn = {2159-3930}, doi = {10.1364/OME.578871}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-72739}, pages = {184 -- 196}, year = {2025}, abstract = {The use of titanium nitride (TiN) for the fabrication of plasmonic structures such as nanohole arrays (NHAs) can enable their integration into optoelectronic devices on the silicon (Si) platform, for example, for the realization of on-chip chemical sensors and biosensors based on refractometric transduction. With a corresponding functionalization of the TiN nanohole arrays, these ultra-compact devices can be utilized in the development of various affinity sensors and sensor systems, such as cost-effective electronic noses for the early detection of gases in the food industry or agriculture. In this work, we focus on two types of coating for functionalization of TiN nanohole arrays: electrochemically synthesized poly-N-methylaniline and layer-by-layer deposited polyacrylic-acid/poly-allylamine (PAA/PAH). Our investigation comprises the experimental characterization of the optical properties of TiN nanhole arrays coated with polymer layers of different thicknesses as well as a comparison with simulation results. We demonstrate the potential of our setup sensing applications by measuring changes in optical properties of TiN nanohole arrays coated with PAA/PAH upon exposure to air of different humidity.}, subject = {Chemical sensors; Extraordinary optical transmission; Localized surface plasmon resonance; Optical coatings; Optical properties; Refractive index}, language = {en} } @article{OleynikRyzhakSchlipfetal.2025, author = {Oleynik, Paul and Ryzhak, Diana and Schlipf, Jon and Alvarado Chavarin, Carlos and Yamamoto, Yuji and Berkmann, Fritz and Ratzke, Markus and Fischer, Inga Anita}, title = {Influence of illumination conditions on photoluminescence enhancement in an Al/Si/Ge metasurface}, series = {Optics Express}, volume = {34}, journal = {Optics Express}, number = {1}, publisher = {Optica Publishing Group}, address = {Washington D.C.}, issn = {1094-4087}, doi = {10.1364/OE.577751}, pages = {78 -- 86}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Strong field enhancement supported by metasurfaces at resonance can be used to control and enhance the spontaneous emission rate of emitters. This is particularly relevant for emitters with comparatively low quantum yield such as germanium. Here, we investigate the µ-photoluminescence response obtained from a hybrid metasurface comprising a square lattice of Al/Si/Ge pillars. We explore how variations in excitation energy, excitation intensity and number of excited meta-atoms affect the spectral dependence of the photoluminescence signal and, in particular, the contribution of the metasurface to it. Our metasurface exhibits a magnetic dipole collective lattice resonance, whose contribution to the photoluminescence signal increases with increasing number of excited meta-atoms. Measuring only one metasurface under different illumination conditions can potentially be an alternative approach to probe the transition between finite-size effects and collective effects.}, subject = {Field enhancement; Germanium; Light emitting diodes; Photonic crystals; Quantum light sources; Scanning electron microscop}, language = {en} } @article{KimGerstbergerAslietal.2025, author = {Kim, Dongsuk and Gerstberger, Ulf and Asli, Majid and H{\"o}schler, Klaus}, title = {U-Net Driven Semantic Segmentation for Detection and Quantification of Cracks on Gas Turbine Blade Tips}, series = {Results in Engineering}, volume = {29}, journal = {Results in Engineering}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2590-1230}, doi = {10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108864}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Crack detection and quantification on gas turbine blades is crucial for component validation during the development phase and for operational efficiency in service, as unexpected cracks can compromise blade integrity and lead to early engine removals. Gas turbine blades operate under extreme thermal and mechanical stresses, making them particularly susceptible to crack formation. At the same time deterministic predictions of crack formation are subject to high uncertainty in material data and actual loading conditions. Accurate detection and quantification of cracks, therefore, is essential for the validation and calibration of life predictions in order to prevent in-service failures, to extend component lifespan, and to reduce maintenance costs. This study introduces a U-Net based semantic segmentation model designed to automate crack detection on turbine blade tips. The model was trained on a dataset of 210 surface images with and without evidence of cracks, each divided into 128  ×  128 pixel patches. Data augmentation techniques were applied to address the class imbalance between cracked and non-cracked pixels. The U-Net architecture, optimized with a Dice loss function, achieved a validation IoU of 0.7557, along with approximately 85\% recall and precision in identifying cracked pixels. The pixel-based accuracy of the model primarily affects the quantification of cracks rather than their identification. A sliding window pipeline was implemented to extend the model's applicability, enabling segmentation of entire blade tip images for comprehensive crack localization. While the model may occasionally miss low-contrast cracks, it holds potential as a supplementary tool for manual inspection as part of the life prediction validation. By providing automated crack localization and quantification, the model can assist in analyzing crack characteristics relative to engine operating conditions.}, subject = {Crack detection; Semantic segmentation; Gas turbine blade; U-Net; Deep learning; Convolutional neural network}, language = {en} } @article{WeissLiedtkeStefan2025, author = {Weiss, Romano and Liedtke, Victoria and Stefan, R{\"o}diger}, title = {Cannabidiol does not cause DNA double-strand breaks in a human liver-derived cell model}, series = {Journal of Cannabis Research}, volume = {8}, journal = {Journal of Cannabis Research}, number = {12}, publisher = {BMC}, address = {London}, issn = {2522-5782}, doi = {10.1186/s42238-025-00365-w}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid with potential therapeutic applications, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anticancer effects. However, experts raised concerns about its potential to induce DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations at low concentrations. Notably, these studies used liver cell lines, which may not fully reflect the metabolic processing of CBD, potentially limiting the generalizability of their findings. This study investigated the short time effects of CBD on DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and proliferation in the human liver-derived cell line HepG2. HepG2 cells were treated with CBD (5 - 50 μM, 3 - 72h incubation). To investigate potential imbalances in the expression of cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1 / CB2) within HepG2 cells, we examined their expression using Western blot analysis. We hypothesized that such an imbalance could be associated with pathogenic processes. Double-strand breaks were then detected (5 μM Etoposide (ETP) served as positive control) via indirect immunofluorescence analysis using H2AX and 53BP1 antibodies, followed by quantification of DSB foci. Expression of CB2 but not CB1 was downregulated by 30 \% in HepG2 cells after exposure to 5 μM CBD (24h incubation; 0.05) and 70 \% downregulated after exposure to 50 μM CBD (24h incubation; 0.01). This effect was dose-dependent. Whilst ETP induced dose dependent DSBs, we could not confirm findings by others that CBD significantly increases the number of H2AX and 53BP1 foci between 5 μM and 50 μM (3h incubation; 0.05). In our model, CBD stimulated the cells, as confirmed by modulation of CB2 expression as well as changes in intracellular cAMP. Our results show that CBD in ranges between 5 μM to 50 μM does not significantly increase the amount of DNA double strand breaks in HepG2 cells compared to the control. However, we did observe a significant reduction in cell proliferation and a significant increase in intracellular cAMP levels following CBD treatment.}, subject = {Cannabidiol; DNA damage; Proliferation; CAMP; HepG2}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{OPUS4-7259, title = {24th EEEIC International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering - Student Edition : Wrocław - Ostrava - Cottbus, June 2025}, editor = {Schenk, Mario and Janik, Przemysław and Michalec, Łukasz and Lehmann, Dirk}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-7259}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-72596}, year = {2025}, abstract = {In a time of growing public awareness of environmental challenges, intensified international efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and the increasing demand for electrical energy to support industrial growth, this conference makes a significant contribution to advancing the goals of diversification and sustainable development. The primary aim of the student conference is to foster dialogue among scientists and students from Wroclaw University of Technology, the Technical University of Ostrava, and Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg. This conference serves as a unique educational opportunity, encouraging students to author scientific papers, deliver presentations, and engage in discussions about future developments. It is an integral part of the curriculum, offered as an elective module and complemented by a technical excursion.}, subject = {Elektrische Energie; Energietechnik; Energievorrat; Umweltbezogenes Management; Energiequalit{\"a}t; Energieressourcen; Energietechnik; Energiewende; Umweltmanagement; Energy ressources; Energy system transformation; Environmental management; Power quality}, language = {en} } @misc{HessmannWeidner2025, author = {Heßmann, Alexandra and Weidner, Silke}, title = {Jugendliche und Innenstadt : Dokumentation der Studienergebnisse des Masterprojektes Stadtmanagement im Sommersemester 2025}, issn = {2941-7406}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-7246}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-72467}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Die Innenstadt stellt f{\"u}r viele Jugendliche einen zentralen Lebensraum dar, in dem sie sich entfalten, soziale Kontakte kn{\"u}pfen und ihre Freizeit gestalten k{\"o}nnen. Diese R{\"a}ume sind nicht nur Zentren von Handel und Kultur, sondern auch Orte der sozialen Interaktion und Identit{\"a}tsbildung. Gleichzeitig sind Jugendliche auch mit Herausforderungen konfrontiert, wie etwa fehlender R{\"u}ckzugsorte oder einem Mangel an geeigneten (konsumfreien) Freizeitangeboten. Eingebettet in das hochschul{\"u}bergreifende Studienprojekt des Wissensnetzwerkes Stadt und Handel e.V. zum Thema „Jugend und Innenstadt" nahm das Masterprojekt Stadtmanagement im Sommersemester 2025 die Zielgruppe der Jugendlichen und deren Interaktion mit der Innenstadt in den Blick und entwarf Strategien, um eine (f{\"u}r alle Altersstufen) attraktive Innenstadt zu gestalten. Ausgehend von einer Analyse des Untersuchungsraumes Senftenberg (Brandenburg) entwickelten die Studierenden Szenarien, Leitbilder und anschließend vertiefende Zukunftsbilder f{\"u}r eine jugendgerechte Innenstadt. Im Ergebnis entstanden Ans{\"a}tze zur Neugestaltung des Bahnhofsumfeldes, Ideen zur Leerstandsbehebung einbettet in einen partizipativen Prozess, freir{\"a}umliche Impulse f{\"u}r die Reaktivierung von Brach- und Stellfl{\"a}chen sowie Vorschl{\"a}ge f{\"u}r die digital-analoge Jugendbeteiligung. Die Ergebnisse wurden abschließend beim WSH-Studienwettbewerb eingereicht. Die vorliegende Publikation dokumentiert diesen Prozess und fasst die entwickelten Ideen, Ans{\"a}tze und Vorschl{\"a}ge f{\"u}r eine k{\"u}nftige Entwicklung der Innenstadt Senftenbergs zusammen.}, subject = {Jugendliche; Innenstadt; Zukunftsvisionen; Transformation; Brandenburg; Young people; Inner city; City center; Urban development; Senftenberg; Stadtplanung; Innenstadt; Jugend; Transformation; Partizipation}, language = {de} } @techreport{OPUS4-7212, type = {Working Paper}, title = {Feministisches Denken in Stadtplanung und Architektur : Essays aus einer gemeinsam entwickelten P{\"a}dagogik}, editor = {Quintero Gonz{\´a}lez, Natacha}, issn = {2941-7406}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-7212}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-72128}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Auf dem Weg zu gerechten und inklusiven Gesellschaften bleibt noch viel zu tun, um Machtsysteme abzubauen, die strukturelle Ungleichheiten aufrechterhalten. Die Ausbildung in unseren raumbezogenen Disziplinen kann dazu beitragen, indem sie eine kontinuierliche {\"U}berarbeitung der Planungsethik f{\"o}rdert und eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit unterdr{\"u}ckerischen Strukturen anregt. Dazu geh{\"o}rt auch, Stadtplanung und Architektur mit patriarchalen, kolonialen, und kapitalistischen Machtstrukturen in Verbindung zu bringen und ihre Rolle in r{\"a}umlichen Praktiken der Ausbeutung, Segregation und Ausgrenzung zu problematisieren. Im Seminar „Feministisches Denken in der Stadtplanung" (Winter-Semester 2023/2024), haben wir in w{\"o}chentlichen Sitzungen erforscht, wie ein feministischer Ansatz dabei helfen kann, solche Verbindungen herzustellen. Dabei stellten wir uns die Frage, wie feministische Perspektiven Arenen bieten k{\"o}nnen, um bestehende Normen und Unterdr{\"u}ckungsformen zu hinterfragen und sich eine gerechtere r{\"a}umliche Praxis vorzustellen, insbesondere in Zeiten tiefer Fragmentierung, Ungerechtigkeit und Spaltung. Diese Publikation ist eine Sammlung von Essays, in denen Studierende ihre {\"U}berlegungen zu den Seminarthemen und den in jeder Sitzung erprobten experimentellen Methoden reflektieren. Der erste Teil umfasst Essays, die sich mit zentralen Str{\"o}mungen und theoretischen Perspektiven innerhalb des breiten Spektrums des feministischen Denkens befassen. Ein zweiter Teil vereint Essays, die sich mit feministischen Perspektiven in der Stadtplanung und Stadtforschung auseinandersetzen. Zuletzt sind Essays enthalten, die sich dem feministischen Denken in Design und Architektur widmen. Insgesamt ist diese Publikation als Einstieg f{\"u}r Studierende und alle Interessierten gedacht, die sich mit feministischen Ideen zum Thema Raum und dessen (Re)Produktion auf kollaborative Weise auseinandersetzen m{\"o}chten. Anstatt zu versuchen, eine allumfassende Definition von Feminismus oder feministischer Praxis zu liefern, zielt diese Sammlung von Aufs{\"a}tzen darauf ab, das Peer-to-Peer-Lernen zu f{\"o}rdern und kritische Aspekte der Raumproduktion hervorzuheben, die unserer Meinung nach im Mittelpunkt der Lehrpl{\"a}ne f{\"u}r Architektur und Planung stehen sollten.}, subject = {Feminist thinking; Feministisches Denken; Kollaboratives Lernen; Experimentelle Methoden; Critical urban pedagogy; Collaborative learning; Stadtplanung; Architektur; Feminismus; Hochschule; Lehre}, language = {de} } @book{OPUS4-7027, title = {Hybrid urbanisms in secondary cities of the global south : insights from urban planning and infrastructure delivery in Ghana and Peru}, editor = {Rosen, Christian and Gribat, Nina}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London}, isbn = {978-1-003-51113-7}, doi = {10.4324/9781003511137}, publisher = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, pages = {194}, year = {2025}, abstract = {This book presents the concept of Hybrid Urbanisms aiming to deconstruct the still-existing and often critiqued dualism of formalised and informalised practices in urban planning and infrastructure delivery. Using an innovative perspective, the book addresses this issue by focusing on the complex configurations in which both forms always co-exist and compete as powerful social constructs. It unveils the juxtaposition, simultaneity, dependency and intertwining of in-/formalised practices and highlights the relevance of this perspective to better understand urban development, especially in the global South. At the same time, the book focuses on secondary cities of Ghana and Peru that are often overlooked in the existing literature but play a relevant role in global urbanisation quantitively and qualitatively. In offering a comparative perspective on two very diverse geographical contexts, ten empirical studies are framed by a conceptualisation of 'Hybrid Urbanisms' and a concluding systematisation of perspectives on this central aspect of urban development. Taken together, this volume makes an innovative contribution on how to produce new and more diverse urban theories of cities of the global South. This book is essential for scholars, students and practitioners in the fields of urban planning, urban studies, infrastructure studies and international cooperation alike. In addition, it will be of interest to those in the fields of urban sociology, public policy, urban geography and development studies. This publication was supported by funds from the Publication Fund for Open-Access Monographs of the Federal State of Brandenburg, Germany and by the Faculty of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Urban Planning of Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg.}, subject = {Geography; Global development; Urban studies}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{GhomsiWabo2025, author = {Ghomsi Wabo, Samuel}, title = {Aktivierung stickstoffmodifizierter Kohlenstoffmaterialien mit KOH : Untersuchungen zum Porenbildungsprozess sowie zum Stickstoffaustrag}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-7260}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-72602}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2025}, abstract = {In dieser Arbeit wurden der Aktivierungsprozess und der Stickstoffaustrag w{\"a}hrend der KOH-Aktivierung stickstoffmodifizierter Kohlenstoffmaterialien untersucht, um die spezifischen und synergistischen Beitr{\"a}ge von Stickstoff und KOH zur Porosit{\"a}tsbildung in diesen Materialien zu kl{\"a}ren. Hierf{\"u}r wurden geeignete Referenzsysteme aus verschiedenen Kohlenstoffquellen (Cellulose und Phenolharz) hergestellt, bei denen Syntheseparameter wie der Harnstoffgehalt, die KOH-Konzentration und die Karbonisierungstemperatur systematisch variiert wurden. Es wurde festgestellt, dass eine Erh{\"o}hung des Harnstoffgehalts in der Synthesemischung zu einem h{\"o}heren Stickstoffgehalt in den Charcoals f{\"u}hrt - ein Effekt, der bei cellulosebasierten Materialien ausgepr{\"a}gter ist. Die KOH-Aktivierung f{\"u}hrte, unabh{\"a}ngig von der verwendeten Kohlenstoffquelle, zu einem erheblichen Stickstoffaustrag. Bei hohen KOH-Konzentrationen (> 10 M) war kein Stickstoff mehr im Material nachweisbar, was eng mit der Bildung einer ausgepr{\"a}gten Porosit{\"a}t zusammenh{\"a}ngt. Allerdings zeigte sich, dass der Gewinn an Porenvolumen durch den Austrag stickstoffhaltiger Spezies relativ gering ist. Stickstoff wirkt haupts{\"a}chlich als Katalysator f{\"u}r Redoxreaktionen zwischen KOH bzw. dessen Zersetzungsprodukten und Kohlenstoff, indem er die Bildung von K₂CO₃ beg{\"u}nstigt. Diese Kaliumspezies k{\"o}nnen die graphitische Struktur des Materials zerst{\"o}ren und zus{\"a}tzliche chemische Prozesse unterst{\"u}tzen, was zu einer intensiveren Aktivierung f{\"u}hrt. Die Bildung von K₂CO₃ ist stark vom Stickstoffgehalt abh{\"a}ngig und wurde ausschließlich bei Kohlenstoffen beobachtet, die mit einer Kombination aus hoher KOH-Konzentration und hohem Stickstoffgehalt hergestellt wurden. Im Gegensatz dazu f{\"u}hrte eine Kombination aus hoher KOH-Konzentration und niedrigem Stickstoffgehalt nicht zur Bildung von K₂CO₃, was darauf hinweist, dass die chemischen Wechselwirkungen des Kaliums in diesem Szenario eine untergeordnete Rolle bei der Porosit{\"a}tsbildung spielen. In solchen F{\"a}llen erfolgt die Aktivierung des Materials prim{\"a}r {\"u}ber Redoxreaktionen, bei denen Kohlenmonoxid (CO) und Kohlendioxid (CO₂) als Reaktionsprodukte entstehen. Diese Redoxreaktionen bewirken eine Umstrukturierung des Materials, jedoch ohne eine signifikante Ver{\"a}nderung der graphitischen Struktur durch Kaliumspezies. Anderseits ist die hohe KOH-Konzentration entscheidend f{\"u}r die Bereitstellung von Kaliumverbindungen, die gezielt in die Schichtstruktur des Materials eindringen und diese effektiv aufbrechen.}, subject = {KOH-Aktivierung; Stickstoffmodifizierte Kohlenstoffen; Por{\"o}se Kohlenstoffe; Porenbildung; Katalytischer Effekt von Stickstoff; Porous carbons; Nitrogen-modified carbons; KOH activation; Pore formation; Catalytic effect of nitrogen; Kohlenstoffwerkstoff; Stickstoffverbindungen; Por{\"o}ser Stoff; Aktivierung ; Kaliumhydroxid}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Nghinaunye2025, author = {Nghinaunye, Teopolina}, title = {Investigation into the potential of 𝘈𝘳𝘵𝘩𝘳𝘰𝘴𝘱𝘪𝘳𝘢 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘴 as a source for anticancer compounds}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-7249}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-72493}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Hepatozellul{\"a}res Karzinom (HCC) erfordert sicherere und wirksamere Behandlungsoptionen. In dieser Studie wurde die Zytotoxizit{\"a}t eines w{\"a}ssrigen Extrakts von Arthrospira platensis (AP), der unter optimierten Bedingungen kultiviert wurde, an humanen Upcyte-Hepatozyten aus kanzer{\"o}sem und nicht-kanzer{\"o}sem Gewebe untersucht. AP zeigte einen konzentrationsabh{\"a}ngigen zytotoxischen Effekt, der gezielt die Krebszellen angriff, w{\"a}hrend nicht-kanzer{\"o}se Zellen weniger beeintr{\"a}chtigt wurden. Dies deutet auf ein selektives Antikrebspotenzial hin. Der hohe Gehalt an bioaktiven Verbindungen wie Phycocyanin k{\"o}nnte zu diesem Effekt beitragen. Die Ergebnisse st{\"u}tzen die Einsch{\"a}tzung, dass AP eine vielversprechende Quelle f{\"u}r nat{\"u}rliche Antikrebsverbindungen darstellt.}, subject = {Antikrebsverbindungen; Arthrospira platensis; Hepatozellul{\"a}res Karzinom; Optimierte Kulturbedingungen; Upcyte humane Hepatozyten; Anticancer compounds; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Optimized culture conditions; Upcyte human hepatocytes; Krebsforschung; Leberzellkrebs; Spirulina platensis; Cytotoxizit{\"a}t}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Popiela2025, author = {Popiela, Bartosz Maciej}, title = {Einfluss fertigungsbedingter Eigenspannungen auf die Betriebssicherheit von nassgewickelten Composite-Druckbeh{\"a}ltern mit einem nichttragenden Liner}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-7238}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-72383}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Im Hinblick auf die globale Herausforderung der Energietransformation steigt der Bedarf an M{\"o}glichkeiten zur Energiespeicherung. Eine Technologie, die zunehmend in den Fokus r{\"u}ckt, ist die Energiespeicherung mittels komprimiertem Wasserstoffgas. Insbesondere f{\"u}r mobile und Transport-Anwendungen ist eine geringe Masse des Speichers vorteilhaft, weshalb vollumwickelte Composite-Druckbeh{\"a}lter des Typs 4 zum Einsatz kommen. Diese werden {\"u}berwiegend im Nasswickelverfahren gefertigt, das durch zahlreiche Prozessparameter und physikalische Effekte charakterisiert wird. Die Wahl der Wickelprozessparameter sowie Schwankungen der Materialkennwerte beeinflussen den Eigenspannungszustand in der Composite-Struktur eines Druckbeh{\"a}lters. Somit wirken sie sich auch auf den Spannungszustand im Betrieb aus. Die vorliegende Dissertation beinhaltet Untersuchungen des Einflusses von fertigungsbedingten Eigenspannungen auf die Sicherheit von Composite-Druckbeh{\"a}ltern mit nichttragendem Kunststoff-Liner. Ziel ist es, das mechanische Verhalten von Composite-Druckbeh{\"a}ltern besser zu verstehen und deren Sicherheitsniveau sowie Konkurrenzf{\"a}higkeit weiter zu steigern. Schwerpunkte der Arbeit sind experimentelle Untersuchungen der Eigenspannungsentstehung und -entwicklung sowie deren Einfluss auf die Beh{\"a}lter-Sicherheit. Im Fokus befindet sich die Exploration von M{\"o}glichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Zuverl{\"a}ssigkeit der Beh{\"a}lter durch Variation der Fertigungsparameter und eine Konditionierung nach der Fertigung. Der Eigenspannungszustand wird in numerischen Simulationen sowie mit dem zerst{\"o}renden Bohrlochverfahren charakterisiert. Die {\"U}berwachung der Spannungsumlagerung w{\"a}hrend einer Konditionierung unter Zeitstandbelastung erfolgt mit eingebetteten faseroptischen Sensoren, die sp{\"a}ter zur Dehnungsmessung in zerst{\"o}renden, langsamen Berstpr{\"u}fungen eingesetzt werden. Zur Vertiefung des Verst{\"a}ndnisses des Versagensverhaltens der verwendeten 6,8 l-Druckbeh{\"a}lter wird die Finite-Elemente-Methode eingesetzt. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus werden Qualit{\"a}tsuntersuchungen der Composite-Struktur mittels Mikro-Computertomographie und Impuls-Echo-Verfahren beschrieben. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen zeigen, dass eine Steigerung der Zuverl{\"a}ssigkeit durch eine gezielte Innendruckbeanspruchung der gewickelten Beh{\"a}lter nahezu kostenneutral m{\"o}glich ist. Dies wird im Rahmen der Arbeit anhand eines Baumusters demonstriert. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus wird die Verbesserung der Zuverl{\"a}ssigkeit der Beh{\"a}lter im Rahmen einer Konditionierung unter Zeitstandbelastung vertieft diskutiert. Diese stellt eine weiterf{\"u}hrende M{\"o}glichkeit dar, das Beh{\"a}lterverhalten positiv zu beeinflussen und das Sicherheitsniveau zu steigern.}, subject = {Composite; Druckbeh{\"a}lter; Eigenspannungen; Faser-Kunststoff-Verbund; Wasserstoff; Composite material; Pressure vessel; Residual stress; Hydrogen; Fibre reinforced plastic; Energiespeicherung; Druckbeh{\"a}lter; Faserverst{\"a}rkter Kunststoff; Nasswickelverfahren; Eigenspannung}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Afitiri2025, author = {Afitiri, Abdul-Rahaman}, title = {Development of a solar water disinfection treatment system for sustainable water use in developing countries}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-7247}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-72471}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Direct dependence on surface water poses a threat to human health when consumed without treatment. While solar water disinfection treatment systems (SODIS) help improve the quality of surface water for rural households, SODIS approaches, implementation, and adoption have some limitations. Consequently, this study developed a hybrid water disinfection treatment system at the laboratory scale, integrating novel Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP). Additionally, surface water quality, the challenges, and enablers of effective implementation of SODIS in rural Ghana were assessed. Two hybrid disinfection systems in continuous flow with reactor volumes of 300 ml each were operated. The disinfection of Staphylococcus aureus in the hybrid disinfection system achieved a 99.60\% reduction at 360 min, while complete disinfection (100\%) was achieved with photocatalyst integration without regrowth after post-treatment storage for 24 hr. A proportionate 96.24\% disinfection rate was achieved for Salmonella senftenberg within 360 min in the hybrid disinfection system while 100\% disinfection was achieved with the integration of a photocatalyst. Similarly, no regrowth of Salmonella senftenberg was observed after 24 hr post-treatment storage. The disinfection of Bacillus subtilis was optimized from 95.46\% in the hybrid treatment system to 99.99\% in the hybrid system with photocatalyst within 360 min. Furthermore, a disinfection proportion of 99.97\% was achieved in the hybrid system at 360 min, while 100\% disinfection was achieved with the hybrid disinfection system at 300 min for Escherichia coli with the integration of photocatalyst. No Escherichia coli re-growth was observed after a 24 hr post treatment storage. The water quality index generated based on the surface water quality assessment showed that all surface water sources are polluted largely due to total and faecal coliforms. The results proved that SODIS can serve as a suitable water treatment approach for adoption in the Sawla-Tuna-Kalba (STK) District. Out of 1155 respondents, 97\% of the respondents are willing to accept and adopt a SODIS. Based on the findings, the enablers of effective SODIS implementation were willingness to pay for SODIS, household and community participation, and willingness to use water from SODIS. The identified barriers to the implementation of SODIS were environmental, technological, political and legal, and economic barriers. Compositional and contextual factors such as age, marital status, education, religion, and geographical location significantly mediate and attenuate households' willingness to accept and adopt SODIS in the STK District of Ghana.}, subject = {Water disinfection; Optimization; Photocatalyst; Solar water disinfection treatment systems; Willingness to accept; Wasserdesinfektion; Optimierung; Photokatalysator; SODIS; Bereitschaft zur Annahme}, language = {en} } @misc{OPUS4-7096, title = {Amtliches Mitteilungsblatt der BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, 2026,01 (09.01.2026)}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-7096}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-70963}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Neufassung der fachspezifischen Pr{\"u}fungs- und Studienordnung f{\"u}r den Bachelor-Studiengang Angewandte Naturwissenschaften B.Sc. vom 08. Januar 2026}, language = {de} } @article{MathiazhaganKimVeginietal.2025, author = {Mathiazhagan, Akilan and Kim, Dongsuk and Vegini, George and Montemurro, Marco and Baltag, Serghei and Asli, Majid and H{\"o}schler, Klaus}, title = {Design strategies for enhancement of mechanical behaviour of hybrid cellular structures based on schwarz primitive geometry}, series = {Materials \& Design}, volume = {240}, journal = {Materials \& Design}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0264-1275}, doi = {10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115161}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Hybrid cellular structures are gaining attention for their multi-functionality in load-bearing, heat-transfer, and energy-absorption applications. Schwarz Primitive (SCP)-based geometries, a subclass of Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces (TPMS), with their high surface area, tunable properties, and continuous topology, provide strong potential for such applications. To further enhance mechanical performance and stability, this work conducts a thorough investigation of hybrid designs that integrate SCP TPMS with Kelvin truss-based geometries, combining the high connectivity of TPMS with the reinforcement and directional stiffness benefits of struts. A theoretical strain-based homogenization framework was implemented over a design matrix that independently varies the relative densities of the SCP and the truss geometries, quantifying how each constituent proportion influences the overall mechanical response of the hybrid. These predictions were corroborated by finite element analyses in ANSYS 2023 and by mechanical testing of 3D-printed polylactic acid samples, providing independent validation of homogenization trends across orientations. The resulting formulation enables rapid property mapping, sensitivity analysis, and optimization of SCP-Kelvin hybrids, thereby reducing the prototyping effort while guiding application-based design selection and customization.}, subject = {Lightweight design; Anisotropy control; Homogenization; Triply periodic minimal surfaces; Periodic open cellular structures}, language = {en} } @techreport{HackenbergWeidnerLangetal.2025, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Hackenberg, Sinah and Weidner, Silke and Lang, Christian and Lange, Mara and Prokesova, Laura and Reinhardt, Annsophie and Rudolph, Marie and Schneider, Anne-Kathrin and Schneider, Emilia and Siemeister, Frederik and Stix, Charlotte and Strom, Johannes and Tauber, Eric and Murimets, Natalia}, title = {Manifest f{\"u}r einen offenen Campus}, issn = {2941-7406}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-7200}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-72004}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Der Campus der BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg und die Stadt Cottbus stehen in einem wechselseitigen, potenzialreichen Verh{\"a}ltnis zueinander: W{\"a}hrend die Universit{\"a}t kontinuierlich Impulse f{\"u}r Wissen, Innovation und kulturelle Vielfalt gibt, bietet Cottbus mit seinem historischen, sozialen und r{\"a}umlichen Gef{\"u}ge einen inspirierenden Kontext f{\"u}r Lehre, Forschung und st{\"a}dtisches Leben. Dennoch ist der Campus r{\"a}umlich wie funktional vom Stadtkern getrennt. Neben physischen Barrieren erschweren auch mentale Hemmschwellen und eine geringe Nutzungsvielfalt seine Integration in den {\"o}ffentlichen Raum. Im Seminar „Beteiligungsprozesse in Stadt- und Regionalplanung" untersuchten Studierende daher, wie r{\"a}umliche, programmatische und soziale „Trittsteine" geschaffen werden k{\"o}nnen, um den Campus st{\"a}rker mit dem st{\"a}dtischen Alltag zu verkn{\"u}pfen. Ausgangspunkt war eine Analyse informeller Beteiligungsverfahren, aus der ein „Katalog der Beteiligung" als methodischer Werkzeugkasten hervorging. Darauf aufbauend realisierten die Studierenden zwei konkrete Formate: eine Zukunftswerkstatt mit {\"u}ber f{\"u}nfzig Teilnehmenden sowie einen Stadtspaziergang, der den Campus als Teil des {\"o}ffentlichen Raums erfahrbar machte. Die Ergebnisse wurden in einer Ausstellung pr{\"a}sentiert und in einem Manifest zusammengef{\"u}hrt, das konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen an die Stadt Cottbus und die BTU formuliert. Ziel ist es, den Campus als offenen, urbanen Freiraum f{\"u}r alle Stadtbewohner:innen zu verankern und die Trennung zwischen Universit{\"a}t und Stadt nachhaltig zu {\"u}berwinden.}, subject = {Offener Campus; Stadtentwicklung; Stadtmanagement; Campus f{\"u}r alle; Stadt als Campus; Citydevelopment; Citymanagement; University; Urban campus; Participation; Cottbus; Campus; Stadtteilplanung; Strategisches Management; B{\"u}rgerbeteiligung; {\"O}ffentlicher Raum; Freifl{\"a}che; Stadtgr{\"u}n; Biodiversit{\"a}t; Barrierefreiheit}, language = {de} } @techreport{NowakowskiWiechers2025, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Nowakowski, Jan and Wiechers, Henk}, title = {Leitstrategien nachhaltiger Mobilit{\"a}t im l{\"a}ndlichen Tourismus : Handlungsans{\"a}tze in der Lausitz am Beispiel des Spreewaldes und des Lausitzer Seenlandes}, issn = {2941-7406}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-7177}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-71775}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Das Working Paper untersucht Leitstrategien nachhaltiger Mobilit{\"a}t im l{\"a}ndlichen Tourismus am Beispiel der Lausitz, mit Fokus auf die Tourismusregionen Spreewald und Lausitzer Seenland. Grundlage ist das Konzept der drei Leitstrategien nachhaltiger Mobilit{\"a}t - Suffizienz (vermeiden), Konsistenz (verlagern) und Effizienz (verbessern) -, die als strategischer Rahmen f{\"u}r eine sozial-{\"o}kologische Mobilit{\"a}tswende etabliert sind. Eine systematische {\"U}bertragung auf die touristische Mobilit{\"a}t blieb bislang jedoch weitgehend unber{\"u}cksichtigt. Ziel der Untersuchung ist es, Handlungsans{\"a}tze nachhaltiger touristischer Mobilit{\"a}t in beiden Regionen zu identifizieren und den Leitstrategien zuzuordnen. Methodisch kombiniert das Working Paper eine qualitative Dokumentenanalyse von zw{\"o}lf tourismusbezogenen Konzeptpapieren mit drei leitfadengest{\"u}tzten Expert*inneninterviews. Die Analyse ergibt f{\"u}nf zentrale Handlungsans{\"a}tze: (1) Ausbau des {\"O}PNV, (2) Qualifizierung des Fahrradtourismus, (3) Antriebswende {\"u}ber E-Mobilit{\"a}t, (4) Besucher*innenlenkung sowie (5) G{\"a}stekarten mit kostenfreier Nutzung des {\"O}PNV. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass bestehende Handlungsans{\"a}tze vorrangig auf Optimierung (Effizienz) und Verlagerung (Konsistenz) setzen. Eine tiefgreifende Transformation touristischer Mobilit{\"a}t erfordert jedoch auch die Integration suffizienzorientierter Strategien. Nur die kombinierte Anwendung aller drei Leitstrategien bietet die M{\"o}glichkeit, die Herausforderungen nachhaltiger touristischer Mobilit{\"a}t in l{\"a}ndlichen R{\"a}umen umfassend zu bew{\"a}ltigen.}, subject = {Nachhaltige Mobilit{\"a}t; Tourismus; Nachhaltigkeitsstrategien; Spreewald; Lausitzer Seenland; Tourism; Sustainble mobility; Lusatian Lakeland; Spreewald; Lausitzer Seenland; Spreewald; Tourismus; Mobilit{\"a}t; Nachhaltigkeit}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Shubhani2025, author = {Shubhani,}, title = {Greening the institutions : curatorial activism's impact on environmental awareness in South India}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-7195}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-71950}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2025}, abstract = {This practice-based PhD explores the pivotal role of curators in enhancing the relationship between audiences and environmental art projects, focusing on the transformative potential of curatorial activism in the unique cultural context of India. Employing the counterhegemonic strategy of the relational approach, this research examines curatorial activism across various institutional settings. Through a practice-based methodological design, this project evaluates the efficacy of cultural institutions to communicate environmental crises and climate science to the public. It aims to generate a rich, original inquiry by organising exhibitions and events collaborating with environmental activists, artists, and institutions. This thesis highlights the curator's role as a researcher, educator, and mediator, bridging the gap between environmental art activism and curatorial discourse. Critical analysis of audience engagement in curated events like 'Who will Speak: Me? You? Or Nobody?' (2022), 'Waking up to the Fierce Urgency' (2022), and 'Ink \& Ecology: Eco-stories for a Sustainable Future' (2023) vividly demonstrate the profound impact of combining relational strategies with curatorial practices. This research significantly contributes to curatorial discourse and environmental art theory by questioning how curatorial activism can enhance audience engagement and foster transformative impacts, inspiring curators to recognise the power of their roles in shaping public discourse. The conceptual framework draws on Maura Reilly's curatorial activism and the scholarly reflections of Jean-Paul Martinon and Irit Rogoff on curatorial knowledge events. The insights of activist artist Ravi Agarwal and cultural critic TJ Demos on contemporary Indian environmental art practices further inform this study, emphasising a move beyond aesthetic approaches to critical curating. By intersecting political ecology with curatorial activism, this research meticulously analyses curatorial strategies and their ethical responsibilities towards the environmental crisis. It identifies current trends, evaluates the impact of curated projects, and investigates the relationship between institutional frameworks and art activism. The study strongly asserts that in the Indian context, curatorial activism, enriched with cultural and regional nuances, cannot just emerge but also stand as a potent tool for advancing politicised and critical curatorial practices, underlining the urgency and importance of this research.}, subject = {Activist art; Audience engagement; Curatorial activism; Environmental art; Relational approach; Aktivistische Kunst; Publikumsbeteiligung; Kuratorischer Aktivismus; Umweltkunst; Relationaler Ansatz; Indien (S{\"u}d); Kunstverein; Kulturverein; Veranstaltung; Ausstellung; Kuratieren; Kunst; Politische {\"O}kologie; Publikum; Beteiligung}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Lehniger2025, author = {Lehniger, Kai}, title = {Stack buffer overflow attacks and countermeasures with register windows on the example of Xtensa LX}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-7226}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-72262}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Stack buffer overflows are vulnerabilities that occur due to missing bounds checks when writing data into local buffers. These vulnerabilities have been exploited for decades and persist until today due to the usage of popular programming languages like C and C++, which allow arrays to be accessed without any checks. Over the years a wide variety of countermeasures was introduces, ranging from static analysis to various forms of runtime checks. Register windows are a hardware architecture feature that was developed for Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) architectures to reduce the overhead for function calls and returns due to the necessary load and store instructions. With register windows, a processor is equipped with a large number of registers, but only a part, the register window, is visible to the program. With a function call, the register window moves to a new set of registers for the function to use. When the function returns, the register window moves back. The physical register set is used like a ring buffer and if it overflows, an exception interrupts the program execution to save the content of the overflown registers to the stack. Underflow exceptions on the other hand are responsible to restore the content when the control flow returns to a function that had its registers overflown. With return addresses, stack pointers, and function arguments being held in registers, often being targeted by stack buffer overflow attacks, the register window mechanism has a direct influence on these attacks and their countermeasures. This thesis investigates these influences using the Xtensa Lx architecture as an example, as it is used in the popular ESP32 microcontroller. In a first part, window overflows and underflows are used to craft stack buffer overflow based attacks, with a focus being Return-Oriented Programming (ROP). A second part investigates selected countermeasures, including canaries, XOR cookies, shadow stacks, and encryption. Here the focus is how these countermeasures can or need to be adjusted in order to be used with register windows or how register windows can be used to improve performance or security. A following chapter addresses specific aspects of the implementation of said countermeasures. All countermeasure implementations have been evaluated using Bristol/Embecosm Embedded Benchmark Suite (BEEBS), a collection of 80 benchmarks for embedded devices, to show their performance for a wide variety of use-cases. The presented results show the potential of register windows to implement very performant countermeasures against stack buffer overflow attacks.}, subject = {Buffer overflow; IT-security; Xtensa; Register window; Puffer{\"u}berl{\"a}ufe; Registerfenster; IT-Sicherheit; Gegenmaßnahmen; Angriffe ; Puffer{\"u}berlauf; Computersicherheit; Gegenmaßnahme}, language = {en} } @article{EltaherBreuss2025, author = {Eltaher, Mahmoud and Breuß, Michael}, title = {Deep learning for unsupervised 3D shape representation with superquadrics}, series = {AI}, volume = {6}, journal = {AI}, number = {12}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {2673-2688}, doi = {10.3390/ai6120317}, year = {2025}, abstract = {The representation of 3D shapes from point clouds remains a fundamental challenge in computer vision. A common approach decomposes 3D objects into interpretable geometric primitives, enabling compact, structured, and efficient representations. Building upon prior frameworks, this study introduces an enhanced unsupervised deep learning approach for 3D shape representation using superquadrics. The proposed framework fits a set of superquadric primitives to 3D objects through a fully integrated, differentiable pipeline that enables efficient optimization and parameter learning, directly extracting geometric structure from 3D point clouds without requiring ground-truth segmentation labels. This work introduces three key advancements that substantially improve representation quality, interpretability, and evaluation rigor: (1) A uniform sampling strategy that enhances training stability compared with random sampling used in earlier models; (2) An overlapping loss that penalizes intersections between primitives, reducing redundancy and improving reconstruction coherence; and (3) A novel evaluation framework comprising Primitive Accuracy, Structural Accuracy, and Overlapping Percentage metrics. This new metric design transitions from point-based to structure-aware assessment, enabling fairer and more interpretable comparison across primitive-based models. Comprehensive evaluations on benchmark 3D shape datasets demonstrate that the proposed modifications yield coherent, compact, and semantically consistent shape representations, establishing a robust foundation for interpretable and quantitative evaluation in primitive-based 3D reconstruction.}, subject = {3D shape representation; Superquadrics; Deep learning; Unsupervised learning; Point clouds; Geometric modeling}, language = {en} } @article{SchuetzReissMooretal.2025, author = {Sch{\"u}tz, Raphael and Reiss, Franzika and Moor, Irene and Kaman, Anna}, title = {Lonely children and adolescents are less healthy and report less social support : a study on the effect of loneliness on mental health and the moderating role of social support}, series = {BMC Public Health}, volume = {25}, journal = {BMC Public Health}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {1471-2458}, doi = {10.1186/s12889-025-23247-5}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Loneliness among children and adolescents has been increasingly recognized as a public health issue, for example, because of its associations with mental health problems. Nevertheless, there is a lack of evidence regarding the links between loneliness and mental health and the potential buffering role of social support. Thus, this study aims to investigate the prevalence of loneliness among children and adolescents in Germany and its associations with mental health. Furthermore, we analyze whether social support is negatively correlated with loneliness and mental health problems and whether it acts as a moderator of the association between loneliness and mental health issues. This study analyzed data from the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey in Germany in 2022, which included 6,475 students aged 11, 13, and 15 years (girls: 50,6\%, Mage = 13,4, SD = 1,7). Loneliness was measured via the University of California-Los Angeles Scale (UCLA) and a single-item measure. The mental health indicators included subjective health, life satisfaction, and multiple psychosomatic complaints. Social support from family, teachers, and classmates was assessed. Chi-square tests, t tests, logistic regressions, and moderation analyses were conducted. A total of 17.2\% of the students reported high levels of loneliness. Compared with boys, girls and gender diverse students reported higher rates of loneliness. High levels of loneliness were strongly linked to poorer subjective health (OR = 5.56, p <.001), lower life satisfaction (OR = 7.32, p <.001), and increased psychosomatic complaints (OR = 7.38, p <.001). High social support from family, teachers, and students was associated with reduced loneliness and better mental health outcomes. Teacher support in grades 7 and 9 buffered the effect of loneliness on multiple psychosomatic complaints. The findings highlight that loneliness is a prevalent phenomenon among children and adolescents and is strongly associated with mental health issues. Greater social support is linked to reduced loneliness and better mental health, so targeted interventions to promote social support in schools and families are needed to address loneliness. Future research should explore longitudinal relationships and further elucidate the mechanisms underlying these associations.}, subject = {Loneliness; Mental health; HBSC; Children; Adolescents}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Mitseva2025, author = {Mitseva, Asya}, title = {State of affairs in online user privacy : assessing real-world user information leakages and designing effective and practical countermeasures}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-7214}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-72142}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2025}, abstract = {The Tor network ensures confidentiality of user data over the Internet and hides the IP addresses and relationships between communication partners to avoid user profiling and censorship. However, Tor cannot hide the number, direction, and timing of transmitted packets. Two types of attackers - autonomous systems (AS) and malicious Tor nodes - can exploit this for sophisticated attacks, such as website fingerprinting (WFP) and end-to-end traffic correlation, or fingerprinting attacks revealing the Tor users' location. On the other hand, in case of a malicious first Tor node or a malicious AS on the path between the user and the Tor network, the scalability of prior WFP attacks remains questionable due to impractical assumptions. This dissertation aims to provide a more realistic assessment of the exposure of Tor users to passive deanonymization attacks from different perspectives. First, we conduct a comprehensive review of fundamental Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) threats. We present a methodology for evaluating existing BGP security proposals and provide an extensive and up-to-date survey of proposals intended to make BGP secure and methods for detecting and mitigating routing instabilities. Based on the identified research gaps and unresolved challenges, we analyze the current level of resilience of Tor and two alternative Tor path selection methods against malicious ASs. While we detect a notable increase in the Tor's resilience to BGP attacks over the years, when measured from a Tor user to its first Tor node, the resilience provided by the alternative path selection methods on the way back, i.e., from the first Tor node to a Tor user, has decreased notably compared to the resilience measured on the forward path for these methods. Moreover, these methods tend to select first Tor nodes in a predictable manner, resulting in the exposure of users' locations to Tor middle nodes. We also show novel attacks against a state-of-the-art method for measuring bandwidth capabilities of Tor nodes, allowing a low-bandwidth attacker to gain notably higher bandwidth estimates than theoretically defined. We propose a novel lightweight defense against malicious Tor nodes, performing WFP or end-to-end traffic correlation, that splits user traffic over multiple Tor paths. Our defense is fully implemented on the user side, reducing deployment costs and making it independent of the underlying anonymization network. We also propose a metric that is capable of quantifying the user's location leakage considering a malicious Tor middle node. This metric enables Tor users to avoid specific first Tor nodes by strategically selecting those from which their location cannot be revealed. Finally, we examine the real-world scalability of WFP, especially against Tor users who visit several pages of a single website consecutively. We propose both a novel WFP attack and efficient strategies for adapting existing methods to account for sequential visits of pages within a website.}, subject = {Tor network; Traffic analysis; Website fingerprinting; Website fingerprinting defenses; Datenverkehrsanalyse; Anonyme Kommunikation; Onion routing; Datenschutz im Internet; Border Gateway Protocol (BGP); Computersicherheit; Tor ; Border Gateway Protocol}, language = {en} } @article{AhmedStraub2025, author = {Ahmed, Naveed and Straub, Andrea}, title = {A practical approach for measuring Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of Fats, oils, and grease (FOG) using tween 80 in wastewater}, series = {ChemEngineering}, volume = {9}, journal = {ChemEngineering}, number = {6}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {2305-7084}, doi = {10.3390/chemengineering9060138}, year = {2025}, abstract = {This study aims to estimate the organic load of oily wastewater by using Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) measurements, addressing the analytical challenges posed by the hydrophobic, nonpolar, and often emulsified nature of Fats, oil and grease (FOG). This study established a reproducible and practical methodology for measuring COD in wastewater containing FOG at a laboratory scale, utilizing the nonionic surfactant T80 as a solubilizing and emulsifying agent. Precise gravimetric methods were employed to measure the mass of T80 (indirectly from volume (100-1400 µL/L)) added, and its correlation with COD was established. A strong linear relationship (R2 = 0.993-0.998) between T80 concentration and COD confirmed its stability and suitability as a calibration standard. Experiments with sunflower (1-4 mL/L) and rapeseed oils (1-3 mL/L) showed that COD increased linearly with oil concentration and stabilized after prolonged mixing (96-120 h), indicating complete emulsification and micellar equilibrium. Even under T80 overdose conditions, COD retained linearity (R2 > 0.99), though absolute values were elevated due to excess surfactant oxidation. Temperature variation (5 and 20 °C) and mild heating of coconut fat (30-32 °C) showed no significant effect on COD reproducibility, indicating that mixing time and surfactant dosage are the dominant factors influencing measurement accuracy. Overall, the study establishes T80 as a reliable surfactant for solubilizing oily matrices, providing a consistent and repeatable approach for COD assessment of wastewater containing FOG. The proposed method offers a practical basis and a step towards environmental monitoring and process control in decentralized and industrial wastewater treatment systems.}, subject = {Chemical oxygen demand; Fat; Oil; Wastewater; Tween 80}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{OPUS4-7129, title = {Book of open problems : 11th workshop on graph classes, optimization, and width parameters (GROW 2024)}, editor = {Beisegel, Jesse and Scheffler, Robert and K{\"o}hler, Ekkehard}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-7129}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-71295}, year = {2025}, abstract = {The Workshop on Graph Classes, Optimization, and Width Parameters (GROW) series of workshops brings together experts in both theoretical and practical issues to design new strategies for dealing with intractable graph problems. Its 11th edition, GROW 2024, was hosted by the Brandenburg University of Technology, Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science, Physics, Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Cottbus, Germany, from September 9-12, 2024. This booklet contains descriptions of open problems presented at GROW 2024.}, subject = {Graph theory; Graph classes; Graph parameters; Graph algorithms; Graphenalgorithmen; Graphklassen; Graphparameter; Graphentheorie; Graphentheorie}, language = {en} } @misc{OPUS4-7095, title = {Amtliches Mitteilungsblatt der BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, 2025,35 (10.12.2025)}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-7095}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-70951}, year = {2025}, abstract = {1. Erste {\"A}nderungssatzung zur fachspezifischen Pr{\"u}fungs- und Studienordnung f{\"u}r den Master-Studiengang Micro- and Nanoelectronics (M.Sc.) vom 10. Dezember 2025 2. Lesefassung: Fachspezifische Pr{\"u}fungs- und Studienordnung f{\"u}r den Master-Studiengang Micro- and Nanoelectronics (M.Sc.) vom 15. M{\"a}rz 2024 (AMbl. 03/2024) i. d .F. der Ersten {\"A}nderungssatzung zur Pr{\"u}fungs- und Studienordnung f{\"u}r den Master-Studiengang Micro- and Nanoelectronics (M.Sc.) vom 10. Dezember 2025}, language = {de} } @article{AssafoLangendoerfer2025, author = {Assafo, Maryam and Langend{\"o}rfer, Peter}, title = {Tool remaining useful life prediction using feature extraction and machine learning-based sensor fusion}, series = {Results in Engineering}, volume = {28}, journal = {Results in Engineering}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2590-1230}, doi = {10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107297}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Tool remaining useful life prediction (RUL) is a critical task for predictive maintenance in manufacturing. Common limitations of existing data-driven solutions include: 1) Dependence on tool wear labels which are intricate to obtain on shop floors. 2) High resource requirements, affecting applicability on resource-constrained Internet-of-things devices. 3) Heavy feature engineering. To address these limitations, we present a methodology aiming at accurately predicting RUL without using wear labels, while ensuring implementation efficiency and minimal feature engineering. It involves extracting time-domain features and multiscale features using maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT) from three cutting-force sensor signals. Without undergoing any feature selection or dimensionality reduction, the features are fed to machine learning (ML) regression models where they are fused into an RUL decision. For this purpose, one-to-one and sequence-to-sequence regression using random forest (RF) and different long short-term memory (LSTM) networks were used, respectively. The 2010 PHM Data Challenge milling dataset was used for validation. The results highlighted the significant role of sensor fusion in reducing prediction errors and increasing the performance consistency over three test cutters, compared to single sensors. Global interpretations were provided using RF-based feature importance analysis. Our methodology was compared with six existing state-of-the-art works, including different end-to-end deep learning (DL) models using raw data as input, and works coupling heavy feature engineering with DL. The results showed that our methodology consistently outperformed all the comparative methods over the test cutters, despite using fewer sensors, which further proves its competitiveness and suitability in resource- and sensor-constrained environments.}, subject = {Cutting tool; Data-driven models; Feature extraction; Machine learning; Predictive maintenance}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Holy2025, author = {Holy, Felix}, title = {Dynamische Simulationen und experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Entwicklung einer Hochtemperatur-Carnot-Batterie}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-7202}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-72020}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Die Energiewende erfordert flexible, effiziente und wirtschaftlich tragf{\"a}hige Speicherl{\"o}sungen, um den stetig wachsenden Anteil erneuerbarer Energien systemdienlich zu integrieren. Carnot-Batterien (CB) bieten hierf{\"u}r ein vielversprechendes Konzept zur sektoren{\"u}bergreifenden Speicherung elektrischer Energie in Form thermischer Energie mit anschließender R{\"u}ckverstromung. Insbesondere Hochtemperatur-Carnot-Batterien (HTCB) mit Speichertemperaturen {\"u}ber 1.000 °C zeichnen sich durch hohe Energiedichten, ein hohes exergetisches Potenzial und eine kosteng{\"u}nstige Systemarchitektur aus leicht verf{\"u}gbaren Speichermaterialien aus. Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich der Entwicklung, experimentellen Untersuchung und dynamischen Simulation eines solchen HTCB-Systems. Hierzu wird ein neuartiger Hochtemperaturspeicher (HTS) mit horizontaler Durchstr{\"o}mung und integrierter elektrischer Beladung entworfen, der Beladetemperaturen bis 1.200 °C erreicht und eine thermische Kapazit{\"a}t von etwa 10 MWh aufweist. Die R{\"u}ckverstromung erfolgt {\"u}ber einen extern beheizten Gasturbinenprozess mit einer Mikrogasturbine im elektrischen Leistungsbereich von 30 kW. Unter Voraussetzung eines atmosph{\"a}risch betriebenen HTS erweist sich diese Prozessf{\"u}hrung im station{\"a}ren und thermodynamischen Vergleich zu alternativen Gasturbinenprozessen als besonders geeignet. Im experimentellen Betrieb wird eine 45-st{\"u}ndige R{\"u}ckverstromung der zuvor im HTS gespeicherten thermischen Energie demonstriert. Dabei werden elektrische Wirkungsgrade von bis zu 16,5 \% sowie Gesamtwirkungsgrade von bis zu 60,0 \% unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der ausgespeisten W{\"a}rme gemessen. Im Fokus der Arbeit liegt die Entwicklung eines flexiblen und physikalisch-deterministischen Simulationsmodells der HTCB, das alle wesentlichen Komponenten auch im Off-Design abbildet. Unter anderem wird f{\"u}r die dynamische Modellierung des HTS und der W{\"a}rme{\"u}bertrager ein innovativer numerischer Ansatz zur Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der Wandtemperaturprofile entwickelt. Die Parametrisierung und der Abgleich mit umfangreichen experimentellen Messdaten erm{\"o}glichen eine Anpassung und Validierung des Gesamtmodells der HTCB. Das Ergebnis ist ein digitaler Zwilling der Versuchsanlage, der realit{\"a}tsnah das dynamische Systemverhalten abbildet und als Grundlage f{\"u}r die Betriebs- und Designoptimierung der HTCB dient. Mit der aufgezeigten Drehzahloptimierung der Mikrogasturbine und dem entwickelten Beladungsmanagement des HTS lassen sich mit der Versuchsanlage elektrische Round-Trip Efficiencies von 14,1 \% und Gesamtwirkungsgrade von 61,9 \% im PV-Strom gef{\"u}hrten Tageszyklus erzielen. Abschließend wird die Skalierung der HTCB auf industrielle Maßst{\"a}be untersucht. F{\"u}r HTS-Systeme mit einer Speicherkapazit{\"a}t von 140 MWh in Kombination mit einer Gasturbine im elektrischen Leistungsbereich von 1,8 MW werden eine elektrische Round-trip Efficiency von etwa 29 \% und Gesamtwirkungsgrade bis 84 \% prognostiziert.}, subject = {Hochtemperaturspeicher; Gasturbine; Simulation; Dynamik; Speicher; High temperature energy storage; Gas turbine; Dynamics; Simulation; Elektrischer Speicher; Hochtemperatur; Gasturbine; Simulation; Digitaler Zwilling; Optimierung}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{GhomsiWabo2025, author = {Ghomsi Wabo, Samuel}, title = {Aktivierung stickstoffmodifizierter Kohlenstoffmaterialien mit KOH : Untersuchungen zum Porenbildungsprozess sowie zum Stickstoffaustrag}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-7219}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-72194}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2025}, abstract = {In dieser Arbeit wurden der Aktivierungsprozess und der Stickstoffaustrag w{\"a}hrend der KOH-Aktivierung stickstoffmodifizierter Kohlenstoffmaterialien untersucht, um die spezifischen und synergistischen Beitr{\"a}ge von Stickstoff und KOH zur Porosit{\"a}tsbildung in diesen Materialien zu kl{\"a}ren. Hierf{\"u}r wurden geeignete Referenzsysteme aus verschiedenen Kohlenstoffquellen (Cellulose und Phenolharz) hergestellt, bei denen Syntheseparameter wie der Harnstoffgehalt, die KOH-Konzentration und die Karbonisierungstemperatur systematisch variiert wurden. Es wurde festgestellt, dass eine Erh{\"o}hung des Harnstoffgehalts in der Synthesemischung zu einem h{\"o}heren Stickstoffgehalt in den Charcoals f{\"u}hrt - ein Effekt, der bei cellulosebasierten Materialien ausgepr{\"a}gter ist. Die KOH-Aktivierung f{\"u}hrte, unabh{\"a}ngig von der verwendeten Kohlenstoffquelle, zu einem erheblichen Stickstoffaustrag. Bei hohen KOH-Konzentrationen (> 10 M) war kein Stickstoff mehr im Material nachweisbar, was eng mit der Bildung einer ausgepr{\"a}gten Porosit{\"a}t zusammenh{\"a}ngt. Allerdings zeigte sich, dass der Gewinn an Porenvolumen durch den Austrag stickstoffhaltiger Spezies relativ gering ist. Stickstoff wirkt haupts{\"a}chlich als Katalysator f{\"u}r Redoxreaktionen zwischen KOH bzw. dessen Zersetzungsprodukten und Kohlenstoff, indem er die Bildung von K₂CO₃ beg{\"u}nstigt. Diese Kaliumspezies k{\"o}nnen die graphitische Struktur des Materials zerst{\"o}ren und zus{\"a}tzliche chemische Prozesse unterst{\"u}tzen, was zu einer intensiveren Aktivierung f{\"u}hrt. Die Bildung von K₂CO₃ ist stark vom Stickstoffgehalt abh{\"a}ngig und wurde ausschließlich bei Kohlenstoffen beobachtet, die mit einer Kombination aus hoher KOH-Konzentration und hohem Stickstoffgehalt hergestellt wurden. Im Gegensatz dazu f{\"u}hrte eine Kombination aus hoher KOH-Konzentration und niedrigem Stickstoffgehalt nicht zur Bildung von K₂CO₃, was darauf hinweist, dass die chemischen Wechselwirkungen des Kaliums in diesem Szenario eine untergeordnete Rolle bei der Porosit{\"a}tsbildung spielen. In solchen F{\"a}llen erfolgt die Aktivierung des Materials prim{\"a}r {\"u}ber Redoxreaktionen, bei denen Kohlenmonoxid (CO) und Kohlendioxid (CO₂) als Reaktionsprodukte entstehen. Diese Redoxreaktionen bewirken eine Umstrukturierung des Materials, jedoch ohne eine signifikante Ver{\"a}nderung der graphitischen Struktur durch Kaliumspezies. Anderseits ist die hohe KOH-Konzentration entscheidend f{\"u}r die Bereitstellung von Kaliumverbindungen, die gezielt in die Schichtstruktur des Materials eindringen und diese effektiv aufbrechen.}, subject = {KOH-Aktivierung; Stickstoffmodifizierte Kohlenstoffen; Porous carbons; Nitrogen-modified carbons; KOH activation; Pore formation; Catalytic effect of nitrogen; Por{\"o}se Kohlenstoffe; Porenbildung; Katalytischer Effekt von Stickstoff; Kohlenstoffwerkstoff; Stickstoffverbindungen; Por{\"o}ser Stoff; Aktivierung ; Kaliumhydroxid}, language = {de} } @misc{OPUS4-7094, title = {Amtliches Mitteilungsblatt der BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, 2025,34 (04.12.2025)}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-7094}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-70944}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Beitragsordnung der Studierendenschaft der Brandenburgischen Technischen Universit{\"a}t Cottbus-Senftenberg vom 18. November 2025 f{\"u}r das Sommersemester 2026}, language = {de} } @article{ErtugrulEmdadiHaertel2025, author = {Ertugrul, G{\"o}khan and Emdadi, Aliakbar and H{\"a}rtel, Sebastian}, title = {Powder production and additive manufacturing of iron aluminide alloys using plasma ultrasonic atomization and laser-directed energy deposition}, series = {Additive Manufacturing Letters}, volume = {14}, journal = {Additive Manufacturing Letters}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2772-3690}, doi = {10.1016/j.addlet.2025.100313}, year = {2025}, abstract = {With a combination of desirable properties such as low density, high specific yield strength, low material cost, and excellent oxidation and corrosion resistance, iron aluminide (Fe-Al) has shown considerable potential to be an alternative to high-alloy chromium steels, and in some cases even nickel-based superalloys, in hightemperature applications. Due to these features, it is especially suitable for the aerospace and automotive industries. Recent advancements indicate an increasing interest in Fe-Al within the additive manufacturing industry, particularly in directed energy deposition (DED) processes. Despite this progress, processing of Fe-Al materials using the laser directed energy deposition (L-DED) has not been sufficiently investigated. In this study, Fe-Al powder material was produced from a commercial Al rod encased in a commercial low alloy-steel tube by a plasma-based ultrasonic atomization eliminating the need to cast an alloy ingot in advance. Subsequently, the produced powder was used in a L-DED process to fabricate an additively manufactured sample. The sample was investigated in terms of mechanical property, microstructure, chemical composition, and phase structure by scanning electron microscope (SEM) / energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and microhardness analyses.}, subject = {Iron aluminides (Fe-Al); Laser directed energy deposition (L-DED); Plasma ultrasonic atomization; Powder; Intermetallic phase}, language = {en} } @article{AsliMhgoubKlaus2025, author = {Asli, Majid and Mhgoub, Mosaab and Klaus, H{\"o}schler}, title = {Numerical investigation of a turbine working with a highly unsteady exhaust flow of a hydrogen-driven rotating detonation combustion}, series = {International Journal of Thermofluids}, volume = {29}, journal = {International Journal of Thermofluids}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2666-2027}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101356}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Traditionally, turbomachines are designed for steady-state operations around which they achieve optimal performance and efficiency. However, in novel applications, a turbomachine may be exposed to unsteady flow forcing the machine to operate under fluctuating off design conditions. Pressure Gain Combustion (PGC) through detonation can be an extreme example of unsteady flow which affects the turbine performance adversely. The efficient way of energy extraction from PGCs is still an open question which needs extensive turbine design optimizations for such unsteady flow. Any flow field optimization problem in such applications needs a multitude of simulations, which can be too computationally expensive to be utilized as it is realized as an unsteady 3D-CFD problem. In this regard, the current study aims at proposing and evaluating an approach for optimizing a turbine working under highly unsteady exhaust flow of a Rotating Detonation Combustion (RDC). A two stage turbine is placed downstream an RDC and the turbine inlet condition is calculated by a 2D-Euler simulation tool. A turbine optimization problem is defined and three optimization processes with an objective of minimizing entropy are performed using steady-state 3D-CFD simulation as the objective function evaluator. The turbine inlet boundary conditions in the three optimization efforts include peak, mean and trough values of the RDC outlet pulsating flow condition. Finally, detailed unsteady simulations are carried out for the three new geometries and compared with the baseline turbine. The results showed that the steady-state Reynolds Averaged Navier Stocks (RANS) simulations can be utilized using either mean or trough values of the pulsating boundary condition in iterating a design optimization problem, instead of full unsteady RANS simulations applying time and circumferential location dependent boundary conditions. Given the specific RDC boundary condition and the turbine geometry in this study, the optimized turbine exhibited up to 7.71\% less entropy generation and up to 7\% higher output power compared to the baseline counterpart in unsteady operation. This approach enables a more efficient design optimization process while accounting for the complex dynamics of the RDC exhaust flow. Overall, the approach presented in this paper is practical for optimizing highly unsteady turbomachines specifically for the case of RDCs during any early design optimization procedure, addressing the computational challenges associated with simulating unsteady flows while ensuring the turbine's effectiveness under real operating conditions.}, subject = {Unsteady turbine; Entropy generation; Rotating detonation; Optimization; Computational fluid dynamic}, language = {en} } @article{LeunerHirschlBezerraetal.2025, author = {Leuner, Bruna and Hirschl, Bernd and Bezerra, Pedro Henrique and Pedrosa Quintino, Wellington and Bezerra, Roberta and Cavalcante Silva, Rodolfo}, title = {Indigenous bioeconomy in Brazil : how to determine the local biomass potential in indigenous territories}, series = {Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences}, volume = {22}, journal = {Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences}, number = {1}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, address = {London}, issn = {1943-8168}, doi = {10.1080/1943815X.2025.2566009}, year = {2025}, abstract = {The increased expansion of agricultural areas in central Brazil has been cited as a contributing factor to deforestation, soil degradation and water pollution. The impact of this expansion extends beyond the boundaries of the territory of the Xavante indigenous group. These protected areas have experienced a marked decline in available food resources and an unreliable energy supply. The term "indigenous bioeconomy" represents a holistic approach that aims to enhance the well-being of indigenous communities. It recognises indigenous knowledge and promotes the sustainable use of resources. The indigenous bioeconomy contributes to climate protection, by avoiding deforestation and replacing the use of fossil fuels in isolated areas with biogenic alternatives. This paper analyses the local biomass potential of a community within the Pimentel Barbosa Indigenous Territory of the Xavante ethnic group. Participatory research was employed to gain an in-depth understanding of the customary Xavante practices. The theoretical biomass potential was estimated at around 2700 tonnes per year (t/a), which is defined as the total amount of selected biomass types available in the investigated area. Local practical biomass potential considers the per capita consumption of this biomass by the indigenous population. Furthermore, the authors quantified the unused biomass potential, representing biomass that could be used for various purposes including food, medicine and energy. Biomass residues have an untapped potential of around 180 t/a. The paper outlines possible utilisation scenarios for these residues and considers the challenges associated with food and energy security in indigenous territories.}, subject = {Indigenous bioeconomy; Local biomass potential; Cerrado biome; Xavante}, language = {en} } @techreport{SchmidtFuegenschuh2025, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Schmidt, Johannes and F{\"u}genschuh, Armin}, title = {Inter-sample avoidance in trajectory planning via an integer-polytope formulation for mixed-integer optimization}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-7169}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-71697}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Autonomous vehicles such as drones or mobile robots must plan trajectories that avoid static obstacles. Their dynamics are captured by Newton's laws and discretized numerically, so the vehicle's position is tracked only at finitely many sample points. The resulting information gap allows a path to cut through an obstacle while still appearing feasible at all samples, a phenomenon called corner cutting. Finer time grids mitigate but never eliminate this artefact and increase computation time. We propose a new inter-sample avoidance scheme for polyhedral obstacles. The facet-defining half-spaces partition the three-dimensional mission space into sub-domains that we encode with binary sign vectors. Feasible one-step moves correspond to a specific subset of these vectors; we (i) enumerate that set exhaustively and (ii) give an integer-polytope formulation that enforces it without additional state variables or extra time steps. For planar motion with a single triangular no-fly zone we prove that the formulation is tight-the polytope equals the convex hull of its 0/1 points. The method is compared qualitatively with existing inter-sample avoidance techniques and its limitations are discussed. Computational experiments with a mixed-integer linear programming model for UAV mission planning, solved by Gurobi, demonstrate that the new formulation achieves realistic trajectories at competitive, or lower, solution times.}, subject = {Mixed-integer optimization; Inter-sample avoidance; Trajectory planning; Convex hull; Unmanned aerial vehicles; Gemischt-ganzzahlige Optimierung; Trajektorienplanung; Konvexe H{\"u}lle; Unbemannte Luftfahrzeuge; Drohne (Flugk{\"o}rper); Autonomes System; Bahnplanung; Gemischt-ganzzahlige Optimierung; Konvexe H{\"u}lle}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Ampadu2025, author = {Ampadu, Kwame Owusu}, title = {Road traffic gesture autonomous integrity monitoring}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-7222}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-72226}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Sensor enabled smart vehicles are predicted to succeed beyond human capabilities, thereby eliminating handling errors intrinsic to human driving. Driverless vehicles must be capable of detecting and responding to exaggerated ad hoc bodily movements that humans use to maintain road traffic safety. These nonverbal communication cues may be used to ease traffic flow, control infotainment systems or restore minimal risk conditions. The integration of sensor fusion techniques and high-quality benchmark datasets coupled to high throughput general purpose graphics processing units is spawning complex heavyweight algorithms useful for traffic scene understanding. These advanced methods are expensive in terms of costs related to hardware, software and energy consumption. Yet, the autonomous vehicle lacks the ability to participate in gestural exchanges. Following extensive evaluations of recent technological advancements in gesture detection and recognition in dynamic traffic environments, a new communication technology has been created for interaction between autonomous and traditional vehicles at unsignalized four-way intersections. This system operates without relying on most conventional navigation sensors and algorithms, allowing autonomous vehicles to communicate with traditional vehicles at intersections through in-vehicle traffic lights that utilize fuzzy logic. The algorithm implemented on low-cost microcontrollers can disperse road traffic and also perform extended blind spot detection. A single sensor is utilized, which remains largely unaffected by adverse weather conditions. The system requires no internet connectivity. It also avoids the need for large scale or long-term data storage, such as the driving cloud platform, ensuring backward compatibility with traditional vehicles. Simulations were conducted based on the order and direction of arrival at three junctions. Results have shown that autonomous vehicles at four-legged intersections, can now communicate with human drivers at a much lower cost achieving precise location classification and lane dispersion in under 30 seconds. This pioneering innovation presents an opportunity to turn every four-way intersection into a signalized junction at zero cost to governments.}, subject = {Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS); Autonomous vehicle; Fuzzy logic; Gesture recognition; In-vehicle traffic light; Fahrerassistenzsystem; Autonomes Fahrzeug; Fuzzy-Logik; Gestenerkennung; Fahrzeugintegrierte Ampel; Autonomes Fahrzeug; Fahrerassistenzsystem; Gestenerkennung; Fuzzy-Logik}, language = {en} } @incollection{SchmittWendland2021, author = {Schmitt, Rebecca Erika and Wendland, David}, title = {Untersuchung der geometrischen Konzeption der Gew{\"o}lbe der Basilika Vierzehnheiligen auf Basis von 3D-Scanningdaten im Kontext der Stereotomie}, series = {Materialgerecht konstruiert!?! Tagungsband der F{\"u}nften Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Bautechnikgeschichte 10. bis 11. Juni 2021}, booktitle = {Materialgerecht konstruiert!?! Tagungsband der F{\"u}nften Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Bautechnikgeschichte 10. bis 11. Juni 2021}, publisher = {Michael Imhof Verlag}, address = {Petersberg}, isbn = {978-3-7319-1253-8}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6411}, publisher = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, pages = {105 -- 121}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Betrachtet wird die geometrische Konzeption der Gew{\"o}lbe der von Balthasar Neumann entworfenen Wallfahrtskirche Vierzehnheiligen. Ausgehend vom gebauten Objekt und basierend auf 3D-Scanningdaten, werden mithilfe der Methode des Reverse Geometric Engineering die geometrischen Eigenschaften des Gew{\"o}lbes untersucht und die Konzepte rekonstruiert, die bei der Planung zur Anwendung gekommen sein m{\"u}ssen. Dabei werden die Abteikirche Banz und die Hofkirche der Residenz W{\"u}rzburg als Vergleichsbauten mit einbezogen. Die Entwurfsmethoden werden in ihrem Zusammenhang mit den zeitgen{\"o}ssischen Traktaten der Stereotomie und Architektur, sowie mit bekannten Planungspraktiken bei geometrisch komplexen Bauten betrachtet; dabei wird auch der Bezug zu den Gew{\"o}lbeentw{\"u}rfen des italienischen Barockarchitekten Guarino Guarini diskutiert.}, subject = {Geometrischer Entwurf; Gew{\"o}lbe; Vierzehnheiligen; Balthasar Neumann; Geometric design; Vault; Fourteen Holy Helpers; Reverse engineering; Baustoffkunde und -chemie; Baukonstruktionen; Geschichte der Baukonstruktionen und -technologien}, language = {de} } @article{GhermannZander2025, author = {Ghermann, Diana E. and Zander, Thorsten O.}, title = {Towards neuroadaptive chatbots : a feasibility study}, series = {Front. Neuroergonomics}, volume = {6}, journal = {Front. Neuroergonomics}, publisher = {Frontiers}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {2673-6195}, doi = {10.3389/fnrgo.2025.1589734}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Large-language models (LLMs) are transforming most industries today and are set to become a cornerstone of the human digital experience. While integrating explicit human feedback into the training and development of LLM-based chatbots has been integral to the progress we see nowadays, more work is needed to understand how to best align them with human values. Implicit human feedback enabled by passive brain-computer interfaces (pBCIs) could potentially help unlock the hidden nuance of users' cognitive and affective states during interaction with chatbots. This study proposes an investigation on the feasibility of using pBCIs to decode mental states in reaction to text stimuli, to lay the groundwork for neuroadaptive chatbots. Two paradigms were created to elicit moral judgment and error-processing with text stimuli. Electroencephalography (EEG) data was recorded with 64 gel electrodes while participants completed reading tasks. Mental state classifiers were obtained in an offline manner with a windowed-means approach and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) for full-component and brain-component data. The corresponding event-related potentials (ERPs) were visually inspected. Moral salience was successfully decoded at a single-trial level, with an average calibration accuracy of 78\% on the basis of a data window of 600 ms. Subsequent classifiers were not able to distinguish moral judgment congruence (i.e., moral agreement) and incongruence (i.e., moral disagreement). Error processing in reaction to factual inaccuracy was decoded with an average calibration accuracy of 66\%. The identified ERPs for the investigated mental states partly aligned with other findings. With this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of using pBCIs to distinguish mental states from readers' brain data at a single-trial level. More work is needed to transition from offline to online investigations and to understand if reliable pBCI classifiers can also be obtained in less controlled language tasks and more realistic chatbot interactions. Our work marks preliminary steps for understanding and making use of neural-based implicit human feedback for LLM alignment.}, subject = {Passive brain-computer interfaces (pBCI); Large-language models (LLM); Error-processing; Moral judgment; AI alignment}, language = {en} } @misc{DechantPietsch2025, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Dechant, Silke and Pietsch, Ina}, title = {20 Jahre ATA - Erfolgsgeschichte oder Problemfeld? : eine qualitative Studie zur Integration und Etablierung eines noch jungen Berufes als Qualifizierungsweg f{\"u}r den an{\"a}sthesiologischen Funktionsdienst}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-7180}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-71806}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2025}, abstract = {In dieser Forschungsarbeit soll 20 Jahre nach Beginn der ersten Ausbildung die Etablierung der An{\"a}sthesietechnischen Assistenz (ATA) als Berufsgruppe f{\"u}r den an{\"a}sthesiologischen Funktionsdienst unter dem Aspekt der Anerkennungs- und Professionalisierungstheorie untersucht werden. F{\"u}r den Einsatz im an{\"a}sthesiologischen Funktionsdienst haben sich verschiedene Qualifikationswege herausgebildet. Dabei {\"u}berwiegt bisher der traditionelle Weg {\"u}ber eine grundst{\"a}ndige Pflegeausbildung. Die Entwicklung der Fachkr{\"a}ftesituation im Pflegesektor allgemein und speziell im Arbeitsbereich OP zeigt eine große L{\"u}cke zwischen Personalbedarf und -angebot und stellt f{\"u}r die Zukunft eine Herausforderung dar. Leitfadengest{\"u}tzte Experteninterviews wurden mit Mitarbeiter/-innen aller Berufsgruppen des an{\"a}sthesiologischen Funktionsdienstes aus deutschen Krankenh{\"a}usern der verschiedenen Versorgungsstufen gef{\"u}hrt und mit dem qualitativen Forschungstool der Grounded Theory ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Der Beruf der ATA ist noch nicht fl{\"a}chendeckend in deutschen Krankenh{\"a}usern etabliert. Im Gegensatz zum traditionellen Qualifizierungsweg {\"u}ber eine Pflegeausbildung sind ATA direkt nach Abschluss ihrer Ausbildung fachlich gut auf den Einsatz am an{\"a}sthesiologischen Arbeitsplatz vorbereitet. Trotzdem erwies sich, dass bei den anderen Mitarbeiter/-innen des an{\"a}sthesiologische Funktionsdienstes Vorbehalte gegen{\"u}ber ATAs bestehen k{\"o}nnen. Urs{\"a}chlich zeigten sich unter anderem insbesondere in Abteilungen, die mit ihnen bisher keinen direkten beruflichen Kontakt hatten, große Wissensdefizite zur Ausbildung und Qualifizierung von ATAs. Eine intraprofessionelle Anerkennung des ATA-Berufes ist nicht generell gegeben. Zudem erwies sich als Nebenbefund der OP insgesamt als hierarchiegepr{\"a}gter Arbeitsbereich im Spannungsfeld verschiedener Berufsgruppen. Als zentrales Ergebnis konnte aufgrund unterschiedlicher Kontextfaktoren ein symbolischer Kampf des gesamten nicht{\"a}rztlichen an{\"a}sthesiologischen Funktionsdienstes um Anerkennung herausgestellt werden. Auch 20 Jahre nach Beginn der Ausbildung ist die fl{\"a}chendeckende Etablierung von ATAs in deutschen Krankenh{\"a}usern nicht abgeschlossen. Dieser noch junge Beruf zeigt großes Potenzial f{\"u}r eine Erfolgsgeschichte. Aus dieser Forschungsarbeit ergaben sich wichtige Erkenntnisse und Ans{\"a}tze zur {\"U}berwindung aktuell noch bestehender Problemfelder hin zur fl{\"a}chendeckenden Integration und Etablierung.}, subject = {ATA; Anerkennung des ATA-Berufes; Qualifizierungsweg f{\"u}r An{\"a}sthesie-Funktionsdienst; Etablierung des ATA-Berufes; Anesthesia technical assistant; Recognition as anesthesia technical assistand; Specialization pathway in anesthesia care; Establishment of the anesthesia technical assistant profession; An{\"a}sthesietechnischer Assistent; Berufliche Qualifikation; An{\"a}sthesie; Professionalisierung}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Goergen2025, author = {G{\"o}rgen, Fabian}, title = {Improving thermal comfort in urban areas : experiment-based development, computational modelling, and performance evaluation of a water-retaining fa{\c{c}}ade module (WRFM)}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-7201}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-72019}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Both ongoing urbanization and anthropogenic climate change contribute to the deterioration of thermal comfort in urban areas, reducing quality of life and posing health risks for urban dwellers. As a response, this thesis focuses on the development and investigation of a novel water-retaining fa{\c{c}}ade module (WRFM) that is expected to increase thermal comfort through evaporative cooling, based on natural convection. First, for the design of a water-absorbing layer, selected porous materials were investigated for their hygric and physical properties. The laboratory tests served as the basis for the experiment-based development of a prototype of the WRFM, which was subsequently introduced. Building upon the experimental investigations, a coupled simulation workflow was developed, integrating various software tools to simulate location-specific evaporation rates of the WRFM, considering local microclimatic parameters and evaluating its impact on thermal comfort in an urban context. The coupled simulation workflow was calibrated against in-situ measurements. Subsequently, the effects of the WRFM on the urban environment were investigated in various case studies using the validated coupled simulation workflow. The results of the laboratory investigations revealed favourable material properties of pumice granules, as well as their durability and resistance, underlining their suitability for use as a water-absorbing layer within the WRFM. The calibration process of the workflow's sub models showed a strong fit between measured and final simulated results, validating the coupled simulation workflow as a reliable tool for simulating heat and mass transfer within the WRFM. Evaluating the effects of the WRFM on thermal comfort showed that applying the WRFM to a building fa{\c{c}}ade notably decreased the Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) during the day, with slight increases observed during night-time. This effect was mainly attributed to both the increased albedo and the increased specific heat capacity of the WRFM. The WRFM demonstrates potential for improving thermal comfort in urban areas. The developed coupled simulation workflow provides a climate-friendly and location-specific planning tool, which can be used to customize and tailor adaptation strategies, such as the WRFM, to a specific location. The findings of this thesis thus serve as a foundation for future investigations into the WRFM and its potential integration into sustainable urban planning strategies.}, subject = {Thermal comfort; Urban microclimate; Evaporative cooling; Water-retaining fa{\c{c}}ade module; Coupled simulation workflow; Thermische Behaglichkeit; Urbanes Mikroklima; Verdunstungsk{\"u}hlung; Wasserspeicherndes Fassadenmodul; Gekoppelter Simulationsworkflow; Fassade; Wasseraufnahme; Verdunstungsk{\"u}hlung; Behaglichkeit; Stadtklima; Stadtleben}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{OPUS4-7215, title = {Neuroadaptive Technology Conference 2025 Proceedings (NAT'25)}, editor = {Klug, Marius and Zander, Thorsten}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-7215}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-72151}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Neuroadaptive Technology (NAT) continues to advance the integration of real-time neurophysiological measures into adaptive intelligent systems. The Neuroadaptive Technology Conference 2025 (NAT'25), held in Berlin, Germany, brought together scientists and practitioners from neuroscience, computer science, engineering, and the social sciences, alongside representatives from politics, industry, and funding agencies. The conference emphasized both scientific and societal dimensions of neuroadaptive systems, particularly their implications for ethics, policy, and innovation ecosystems. Current developments showcased at NAT'25 highlight how neuroadaptive methods are being extended beyond the laboratory to real-world applications through Brain-Artificial Intelligence Interfaces (BAIs), explainable and neuroadaptive AI (XAI/NAI), and multimodal physiological computing. A recurrent theme across sessions was the societal responsibility accompanying the increasing agency of neuroadaptive and AI-driven systems — from workplace and healthcare applications to autonomous technologies. The programme included six keynote lectures, invited panels, and over forty peer-reviewed contributions covering Brain-Computer and Brain-AI Interfaces, Human-AI Co-Adaptation, Neuroadaptive Systems in Society, Ethics and Regulation, and Machine Learning for Applied Neuroscience. NAT'25 thus marked a further consolidation of the field toward human-aligned, context-sensitive, and socially responsible artificial intelligence.}, subject = {Machine learning; Artificial intelligence; Physiological computing; Brain-computer interface; Neuroadaptive technology; K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz; Maschinelles Lernen; Neuroadaptive Technologie; K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz; Maschinelles Lernen; Gehirn-Computer-Schnittstelle; Neurowissenschaften}, language = {en} } @misc{Kwarteng2025, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Kwarteng, Ferdinand Prempeh}, title = {Security requirements and mechanisms for real-time serverless computing : a focus on Function-as-a-Service (FaaS)}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-7164}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-71645}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Serverless computing, particularly its Function-as-a-Service (FaaS) offering, has emerged as a prominent cloud computing model empowering developers to craft event-driven applications by deploying custom application logic in an ephemeral runtime environment. This model abstracts away the underlying infrastructure complexities and management overhead, offering key benefits such as Pay-As-You-Go (PAYG) billing and automated scalability. Although Real-Time (RT) extensions to FaaS (RT-FaaS) have been proposed for realizing the functional requirements of industrial automation virtualization use cases, these architectures introduce distinct security challenges that generic security mechanisms cannot fully address. As a result, RT-FaaS platforms remain vulnerable to both internal and external threats and a variety of exploitation vectors that can compromise the Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability (CIA) security properties of such a platform. The aim of this thesis is to assess the core security requirements of a RT-FaaS platform by evaluating potential vulnerabilities and risks within this environment. We further propose specifically tailored mitigation mechanisms based on the extended Berkeley Packet Filter (eBPF) and cryptographic digital signatures for a RT-FaaS platform with a WebAssembly (WASM) runtime to enhance its resilience without imposing prohibitive performance overheads. Key areas of focus for this work include RT-FaaS runtime isolation, continuous security enforcement and data protection. We evaluated the proposed security mitigation mechanisms on the platform accounting for both effectiveness and performance. By doing so, we discuss the trade-offs between the stringent security requirements and maintaining predictable, low-latency execution essential for industrial automation use cases. While we observed some considerable jitter and latency overheads on the secure RT-FaaS platform, these did not significantly impact the functional performance of the platform. Hence adopting serverless computing for RT industrial automation use cases is feasible while ensuring robust function, system and network security.}, subject = {Serverless computing; Real-time Function-as-a-Service; Industrial automation; Security mechanisms; WebAssembly runtime; Serverloses Computing; Echtzeit-Funktion-als-Dienstleistung; Industrielle Automatisierung; Sicherheitsmechanismen; WebAssembly-Laufzeitumgebung; Serverless Computing; Function as a Service; Sicherheit; Datenschutz}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{ArvidssondeMontes2025, author = {Arvidsson de Montes, Fredrik}, title = {Spider ecology across scales : from microhabitats to landscapes in natural and managed habitats}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-7190}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-71906}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Spiders (Araneae) are an exceptionally diverse group, with over 52,000 described species worldwide. They are among the most dominant predators in terrestrial ecosystems and occur on every continent except Antarctica. Spiders play a key role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem functioning and acts as important natural enemies of pests in managed habitats. Their communities are influenced by both abiotic and biotic factors, and as a higher trophic group, they are sensitive to environmental changes, making them effective bioindicators. A key driver of spider community composition is the structural complexity of their surroundings, which is influenced by factors such as plant species richness. Greater structural complexity is generally associated with increased prey availability and accessibility, as well as improved microclimatic conditions, which together promote higher spider abundance and diversity. Human activities can both enhance and reduce this structural complexity through various management practices. In this thesis, I have investigated spider communities across a broad geographical span, covering Sweden, Germany, and South Africa, in both natural and managed habitats. Depending on the research question, different trapping techniques were employed, each with its own advantages and limitations, to best capture the relevant ecological information. For large-scale studies comparing sites across broad geographic areas, passive traps such as pitfall traps and Malaise traps were used. In contrast, for studies within habitats, such as orchards, spiders and their prey were hand-collected to assess how different management practices affect spider-mediated pest control. Additionally, one study directly compared traditional scientific surveys with citizen science data to evaluate their relative effectiveness in capturing spider biodiversity and mapping their geographical distribution. This research highlights the intricate relationships between spider communities and their environment. By deepening our understanding of these dynamics, the findings can contribute to conservation strategies and guide land management practices that enhance the role of spiders as natural enemies of pests. In an era of rapid environmental change, such knowledge is increasingly valuable. As a further benefit, this research may help improve public perception of spiders, emphasizing their importance in the ecosystems we all depend on.}, subject = {Spider; Identification; Population; Microhabitat; Ecology; Spinne; Identifikation; Mikrohabitat; {\"O}kologie; Spinnen; Habitat; R{\"a}uber-Beute-Verh{\"a}ltnis; {\"O}kologie; Naturschutz}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Uka2025, author = {Uka, Naim}, title = {Influence of international law on the issue of missing persons : the right of family members to know the fate of missing persons}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-7183}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-71839}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2025}, abstract = {The issue of missing persons remains a pressing humanitarian and legal challenge, particularly in post-conflict societies. This dissertation examines the influence of international law on addressing the fate of missing persons, with a specific focus on the right of family members to truth and justice. The study explores the existing legal frameworks, including International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and Human Rights Law (HRL), to assess their effectiveness in ensuring the rights of families to receive information about their missing relatives. It critically analyzes legal ambiguities, the role of international institutions, and the impact of partial ratification of key legal instruments on national responses to the missing persons issue. Through a comparative approach, the research investigates the legal, political, and institutional obstacles that hinder the resolution of missing person's cases, with a special emphasis on the Balkans. The study also evaluates the role of civil society organizations in advocating for accountability and truth, assessing their contributions to legal reforms and transitional justice mechanisms. Findings suggest that while international law provides a robust framework for addressing the missing person's crisis, gaps in implementation and political considerations continue to obstruct progress. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on humanitarian law and human rights by proposing recommendations for strengthening legal mechanisms, enhancing international cooperation, and improving the rights of families to truth, justice, and reparation. The dissertation underscores the necessity of depoliticizing the missing persons issue to ensure that humanitarian concerns take precedence over state interests.}, subject = {Missing persons; International law; Human rights; Forensic science; Transitional justice; Vermisste Personen; V{\"o}lkerrecht; Menschenrechte; Forensische Wissenschaft; {\"U}bergangsjustiz; Balkanhalbinsel; Menschenrecht; Humanit{\"a}res V{\"o}lkerrecht; Vermisster; Aufkl{\"a}rung ; Nachkriegszeit}, language = {en} } @misc{OPUS4-7092, title = {Amtliches Mitteilungsblatt der BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, 2025,33 (18.11.2025)}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-7092}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-70928}, year = {2025}, abstract = {1. Zweite {\"A}nderungssatzung zur fachspezifischen Pr{\"u}fungs- und Studienordnung f{\"u}r den Master-Studiengang Cyber Security (M.Sc.) vom 17. November 2025 2. Lesefassung: Fachspezifische Pr{\"u}fungs- und Studienordnung f{\"u}r den Master-Studiengang Cyber Security (M.Sc.) vom 22. September 2017 (AMbl. 24/2017) i. d. F. der Zweiten {\"A}nderungssatzung zur Pr{\"u}fungs- und Studienordnung f{\"u}r den Master-Studiengang Cyber Security (M.Sc.) vom 17. November 2025}, language = {de} }