@phdthesis{Le2014, author = {Le, Thanh Hoa}, title = {Measuring urban morphology for adaptation to climate change in Ho Chi Minh City}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus-29596}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Urban morphology is used in many developed countries to classify and manage the dis-tribution of urban functions. In urban planning, it helps to identify the emerging prob-lems and solve the disorder of urban functions. The megacity Ho Chi Minh City has faced many problems with uncontrollable urbanization, urban management and plan-ning. It has received increasing tropical storms and cyclones which caused more heavy rains in recent decades. Rapid urbanization has caused the increase of built-up coverage with disordered typologies, incomplete infrastructure and urban-peripheral instability. In the flooding context, these problems have increased more seriously with flooding impacts and caused uncontrollable planning and management in the city. This study applies the urban morphology method to measure flood impacts on urban functions and develop the adaptive solutions for flooding adaptation for Ho Chi Minh City. The methods in this study are based on applying fractal geometry, GIS and Remote Sensing on large-scale maps for measuring the urban morphology. The land-use map and the building footprints map of 2010 were founded to analyze the distribution of urban areas by high resolution of satellite images and large scale GIS data. The fractal geometry was a setting based on Avenue program of Arcview GIS to measure the urban morphology. This formed a key input for the multi-criteria analysis (MCA) method that investigated the cause of flood impacts and suggested the solution for flooding adapta-tion. In addition, alterations of lakes, ponds and watercourse from 1995 to 2009 were explored. The study showed HCMC had problems on irrational development in residential densi-ties areas and urban functions, and the uneven development of population and residen-tial density between the urban areas: too much in the urban districts (about 300 to 500 persons per hectare per block and coverage ratio 0.7 - 0.9). This pushed the increasing demand on built-up area and filled-up rivers and canals (About 80 percent of original ponds and lakes in inner-center were filled-up in the past; and 63 percent of ponds and lakes have been filled-up in Sub-Districts and new-urban-development areas). It made the imbalance between the permeability of land surface and the run-off water flows; then leads the inundation to increase. This is the main reason for reducing the water-storage capacity in rainy season. Flooding in urban residential area was more im-pacted than in rural residential area, higher level and longer flood time; while flooding in the rainy season due to high tides, heavy rains or both was the emerging and uncon-trollable problems. For flooding adaptation, urban morphology analysis helped to figure out the potential areas in the city could be used for reducing flooding impacts in urban areas. There are many low-density residential areas in above 1.5 meter AMSL areas in the North, Northwest and Northeast areas of the city which could be developed with complete infrastructure and urban services to attract people from high-density residential areas impacted deeply by floods in the center. These potential areas could be the long-term strategic solution to flooding adaptation for HCMC. The results also suggested that some current flooded areas would be re-planned or returned to be the water-storage and permeable areas (such as green parks, ponds and lakes). This re-planning would improve the city landscape and increase the permeable surface, green spaces and open spaces to HCMC. More green spaces, lakes and ponds will also help to reduce the temperature of urban center in the dry season. This adaptation solution would reduce at least 25 percent of current flooded areas in urban center. The protection and constructed restriction of current agricultural areas in peri-urban Districts would maintain the infil-tration and green-tree areas. Furthermore, the complete drainage system would help to reduce better flood for these areas. Finally, fully dredging river and canal system of the city would reduce about 25 to 30 percent of current flooded areas.}, subject = {Ho-Chi-Minh-Stadt; Stadtplanung; Hochwasser; Klima{\"a}nderung; Geoinformationssystem; Stadtmorphologie; Klimawandel; Hochwasser; Fraktale Geometrie; Stadtgebiet; Urban morphology; Climate change; Flooding; Fractal geometry; Urban area}, language = {en} } @techreport{OPUS4-3184, title = {Land-use Planning Recommendations - Adaptation Strategies for a Changing Climate in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: Summary for Decision-Makers}, editor = {Storch, Harry and Downes, Nigel}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-31845}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Urbanisation is an extreme case of land-use change. The geographical patterns of urban expansion of a city have a direct relationship with its environmental quality, particularly water flows, flooding and urban thermal stress. A key question for urban policy and planning is how to direct these changes in ways that minimise environmental impacts and risks. Since many of the main impacts of climate change in Ho Chi Minh City additionally exhibit a land use dimension, such as the increased frequency of urban flooding events or the intensification of the already existing urban heat island effect, land-use planning and land-use controls can be seen as the most appropriate adaptation management strategy. These recommendations have been developed under the German Ministry for Education and Research Funded research project ''Integrative Urban and Environmental Planning for Adaptation of Ho Chi Minh City to Climate Change" which is funded as part of the research programme ''Sustainable Development of the Megacities of Tomorrow'' by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) in close cooperation with the Department of Nature Resources and Environment, Ho Chi Minh City. The main objective was to respond to the needs of the Department of Nature Resource and Environment, Ho Chi Minh City by providing guidance and recommendations that can be used by land-use planners and policy makers to reduce the potential adverse effects of both urbanisation and the current and future effects of climate change. The recommendations have been compiled as a stand-alone document that can be read and understood on their own, however they also contain references to the additional document entitled "Land-use Planning Recommendations - Adaptation Strategies to a Changing Climate in Ho Chi Minh City" referenced within this document as LUPR.Eleven specific focus areas were selected (labelledfrom A to K) in combination with the Department of Natural Resources and Environment. For each area the current situation is described and detailed planning recommendations are provided.}, subject = {Ho Chi Minh City; Planning recommendations; Adaption planning; Vietnam; Climate change; Land-use planning; Ho-Chi-Minh-Stadt; Stadtklima}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Tran2014, author = {Tran, Thong Nhat}, title = {Improvement of flood risk assessment under climate change in Ho Chi Minh City with GIS applications}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-30783}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Ho Chi Minh City is the largest city in VN. The city is the most important center of economy, society and culture in the southern region of Vietnam. However, due to characteristics of natural conditions with low topography and borders touch the sea so that since the late 20th century with the rapid economic and urban development there are environmental problems have arisen. One of the problems is flooding issue caused by high tide. With these natural conditions and sea level rise of climate change in the future, Ho Chi Minh City is considered as one of the most affected and damaged cities in the world. Therefore, many policies have been set out from the national to local levels in Vietnam to prepare for adaptability of impacts and risks of the sea level rise and the climate change. And this has also been considered in Ho Chi Minh City as the development policies of the city authorities have to consider in the context of the sea level rise and the climate change. A number of researches have been conducted to assess the impact of climate change to Ho Chi Minh City in the future. However, these researches are still need to be enhanced further. The flooding problem is a major issue of the sea level rise in Ho Chi Minh City. And to make a good result, the flood model needs a lot of requirements that ensure fine quality of input data, suitable model and a relied procedure. In the available research, the input data is not really the highest quality in the available context in Ho Chi Minh City. As the flood model is implemented, one of the input data requirements of the model is information detail of elevation in the flooded area. And this is more necessary than in geophysical urban areas such as Ho Chi Minh City. And to assess fully flood risk issues for flooding caused by tidal phenomenon in Ho Chi Minh City, the determination of many characteristics of flood model is very useful for users who need to apply the results of the model for the planning development in Ho Chi Minh City in the future. Besides adopting a uniform environment as GIS for managing all the data of flooding problem and making conditions for the development of decision support systems is very necessary for flood management in the future. The research has been carried out and its results have been generated on the flood risk assessment associated context of the sea level rise due to climate change with high emissions scenario A1FI in 2030 for the current houses, the population and the land use types. The results have shown a lot of the areas where are inundated in the future with the increasing flooding duration, depth and frequency even though they are not flooded at the current because there are some protective structures. This will be helpful for suggesting a forecast of the development direction to decision makers in Ho Chi Minh City for next time period. And the last part is the proposal for decision and policy makers, authorities and planners as well. Moreover, the results of this research can be used as the references and the foundations for further researches and so that the problems that Ho Chi Minh City may be encountered due to flood risk caused by climate change to the economic and social aspects of the development in Ho Chi Minh City will encounter. And the problem of adaptation to climate change will be more completed and more thoroughly so that it is to minimize the damage of climate change for the city.}, subject = {GIS; Sea Level Rise; Climate Change; Flood Risk; Ho Chi Minh City; Anstieg des Meeresspiegels; Hochwasserrisiko; Klimawandel; Ho Chi Minh Stadt; Vietnam; Ho-Chi-Minh-Stadt; Klima{\"a}nderung; {\"U}berschwemmungsgefahr; Geoinformationssystem}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Downes2019, author = {Downes, Nigel Keith}, title = {Climate adaptation planning : an urban structure type approach for understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of risks in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-51185}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Urban adaptation is a critical issue for many of the developing countries of Southeast Asia. Vietnam is likely to be among the countries most adversely affected by climate change. Moreover, its largest city, Ho Chi Minh City is considered worldwide as one of most vulnerable to a multitude of climate-related hazards, including flooding, sea-level rise and extreme heat events. Similar to other rapidly developing megacities in Southeast Asia, Ho Chi Minh City has undergone enormous changes in recent decades and has rapidly developed into an emerging megacity shaped by global processes and local settlement patterns. Recently, the need to adapt to the multiple stressors of rapid urbanisation and climate change has become increasingly evident. Adaptation to climate change in urban areas depends on decision-makers' understanding of the current and future impacts of climate change. Land-use planning as a place-based and problem-solving strategy has been recognised as a key tool in this respect, to mainstream climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction into urban development. Yet a key challenge is a lack of relevant information on exposed populations and assets at risk to planners and policymakers. The dissertation outlines the development of an integrated framework predominantly based on an urban structure type approach. This approach was used to manually interpret high resolution, remotely sensed imagery in order to portray and understand patterns of settlement and urban structure layout of the current and emerging landscapes of Ho Chi Minh City. The approach is able to capture the highly dynamic spatiotemporal, social and structural changes associated with rapid urbanisation. The overall findings show the applicability of the developed framework to produce important input indicators for risk adapted land-use planning. These are ultimately useful to determine hotspots for administrative interventions and to assist prioritising in spatial and urban planning decision-making.}, subject = {Climate change; Urban adaptation; Urban structure type; Land-use planning; Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Stadtstrukturtypen; Landnutzungsplanung; Ho Chi Minh Stadt, Vietnam; Klimawandel; St{\"a}dtische Anpassung an den Klimawandel; Ho-Chi-Minh-Stadt; Klima{\"a}nderung; Stadtstruktur; Stadtplanung}, language = {en} }