@techreport{SchrothDraegerGabrieletal.2025, author = {Schroth, Jil and Draeger, Susan and Gabriel, Janika and Santucci, Daniele}, title = {Hitze in der Stadt : eine sozial-r{\"a}umlich differenzierte Analyse f{\"u}r Klimaanpassungsmaßnahmen aus Sicht der Stadtnutzenden in Berlin}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-7149}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-71491}, year = {2025}, abstract = {Infolge des Klimawandels treten in Deutschland zunehmend extreme Wetterereignisse auf. Besonders Hitzewellen in St{\"a}dten stellen eine wachsende Belastung dar, da sich hier der st{\"a}dtische W{\"a}rmeinseleffekt mit einer hohen baulichen Dichte {\"u}berlagert. Diese Entwicklung hat direkte Auswirkungen auf das thermische Empfinden und die Gesundheit, insbesondere bei vulnerablen Gruppen wie {\"a}lteren Menschen, Personen mit Vorerkrankungen oder Kindern. W{\"a}hrend bisherige Forschung vor allem technische und planerische Anpassungsmaßnahmen betrachtet, fehlt es an fundierten sozialwissenschaftlichen Perspektiven. Das Forschungsprojekt „Hitze in der Stadt" schließt diese L{\"u}cke, indem es die Beziehung zwischen der gebauten Umwelt, mikroklimatischen Bedingungen und der subjektiven thermischen Wahrnehmung untersucht. Als Fallbeispiel diente ein dicht bebautes Berliner Gr{\"u}nderzeitquartier mit geschlossener Blockrandbebauung und vielf{\"a}ltigen Nutzungen, das eine hohe {\"U}bertragbarkeit auf andere europ{\"a}ische St{\"a}dte aufweist. Die methodische Vorgehensweise umfasste drei zentrale Bausteine: 1. Raumtypisierung - Das Untersuchungsgebiet wurde in sieben repr{\"a}sentative Stadtraumtypen unterteilt (z. B. breite Hauptstraße, enge Gasse, Brunnenplatz im Park), um systematische Vergleiche zu erm{\"o}glichen. 2. Gef{\"u}hrte Climate Walks mit integrierten mikroklimatischen Messungen - Zwei Gruppen, {\"a}ltere Stadtnutzende (≥ 65 Jahre) und eine j{\"u}ngere Vergleichsgruppe, durchquerten w{\"a}hrend sommerlicher Mittagshitze die definierten Raumtypen. In Echtzeit bewerteten sie ihre thermische Wahrnehmung und Aufenthaltsqualit{\"a}t. Parallel dazu wurden vor Ort Temperatur, Luftfeuchte, Windgeschwindigkeit, Strahlung und Oberfl{\"a}chentemperaturen (W{\"a}rmebild) gemessen und GPS-basiert verortet. Der Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) diente als Referenz zur Bewertung der thermischen Belastung. 3. Fokusgruppen - In moderierten Diskussionen wurden die subjektiven Eindr{\"u}cke vertieft, Einflussfaktoren herausgearbeitet und Bedarfe an die Außenraumgestaltung identifiziert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen: Hitzestress wird nicht allein durch Temperatur bestimmt. Faktoren wie Begr{\"u}nung, Verschattung, L{\"a}rmpegel, Sauberkeit, Nutzungsart, Erwartung und Atmosph{\"a}re beeinflussen die Wahrnehmung erheblich. Begr{\"u}nte, ruhige und saubere Orte mit Sitzgelegenheiten wurden auch bei hohen Temperaturen als deutlich angenehmer erlebt, w{\"a}hrend stark versiegelte, verkehrsbelastete Fl{\"a}chen als besonders belastend galten - exemplarisch am Rosenthaler Platz. Aus der Analyse wurden sechs zentrale Handlungsempfehlungen abgeleitet: (1) Aufenthaltsqualit{\"a}t als festen Bestandteil in Klimaanpassungsstrategien integrieren, (2) Belastungsfaktoren wie L{\"a}rm und Verkehr reduzieren, (3) Maßnahmen differenziert nach Raumtyp und Nutzung entwickeln, (4) {\"o}ffentliche Wartezonen gezielt verbessern, (5) „k{\"u}hle Wege" zwischen wichtigen Zielen f{\"o}rdern, (6) geschlechter- und bildungssensible Ans{\"a}tze in Planung und Kommunikation ber{\"u}cksichtigen. Das Projekt macht deutlich, dass effektive urbane Hitzestrategien nur durch interdisziplin{\"a}re Ans{\"a}tze entstehen, die technische, gestalterische und soziale Dimensionen gleichwertig verbinden - mit dem Ziel einer klimaresilienten und sozial gerechten Stadtentwicklung.}, subject = {Urban heat island effect; Urban climate; Climate change; Heatstress; Climate adaption; W{\"a}rmeinseleffekt; Stadtklima; Klimawandel; Hitzestress; Klima{\"a}nderung; Berlin; Stadtsoziologie; Stadtleben; Stadtklima; Stadtplanung; W{\"a}rmeinsel; Klima{\"a}nderung; Hitzebelastung}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Ordonez2023, author = {Ordonez, Jose Antonio}, title = {The Political economy of coal and renewable energy : case studies on climate and energy policy in Indonesia and India}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6717}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-67178}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This thesis deals with the energy system transformation of coal-dependent developing countries in the context of climate change mitigation. It departs from the hypothesis that phasing-out the unabated use of coal for power generation, while scaling up carbon-free alternatives, represents a major challenge for coal-endowed developing countries and emerging economies. This challenge is constituted in multiple economic, political and societal determinants for sustained and expanded coal-use. This thesis adopts a political economy perspective and examines those determinants in detail. It focuses on how different societal and political actors are affected the use of coal, and interprets the distributional implications of reforms away from coal as key restrictions for their political feasibility. Given the heterogeneity in the historical, socio-economic, political, and institutional characteristics that different countries exhibit, which are hypothesized to impact on the drivers behind coal-use, this thesis adopts a case-study based approach. It focuses on two large Asian economies, Indonesia and India, as coal-endowed emerging economics with a pivotal relevance in global climate protection efforts. Three main chapters represent the core of this thesis. The first main chapter of this thesis examines the political economy of the power sector and coal mining in Indonesia, focusing on the drivers for the continued use of coal for electricity generation. It presents an expert-interview case study, based on the perspective of 90 expert stakeholder in Indonesia´s energy and climate policy, at national and subnational level. The study identifies key societal and political actors behind Indonesia´s energy- and climate policies driving coal-use, spells out their objectives, and examines how these actor-specific interests' effect on energy and climate policies. The second main chapter of this thesis studies the implications of an Indian energy transition away from coal-use along three dimensions: the distributional impacts towards households, the implications for employment, and the impact on competitiveness of industries. The input-output based, distributional- incidence case study analyses the concentration of impacts for key societal groups affected by a coal phase-out and renewable energy phase-in, and its spatial distribution across Indian states and regions. The third main chapter of this thesis studies the cost-competitiveness of renewable energy alternatives to coal in Indonesia. The energy modelling based analysis shows how the cost-optimal composition of Indonesia´s power sector in coming decades would comprise high shares of coal-fired electricity. The three main chapters of this thesis identify political economy challenges to a transition away from coal, outlining how a successful coal phase-out will require focusing on its context-dependent distributional and political implications.}, subject = {Climate and development; Klimawandel; Politische {\"O}konomie; Kohle; Klima und Entwicklung; Climate change; Political economy; Coal; Indonesien; Indien; Klima{\"a}nderung; Klimaschutz; Kohleausstieg; Politische {\"O}konomie; Energiewende}, language = {en} } @misc{Chatziandreou2024, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Chatziandreou, Konstantinos}, title = {Climate governance in World Heritage cities}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6686}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-66869}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This study explores the interplay between the UNESCO status and climate governance in World Heritage cities. With climate change posing significant threats to living urban landscapes, local governments and public actors strive to implement sustainable and resilient strategies. However, complications arise when cities attain the World Heritage status, complicating climate governance practices. Qualitative research, involving interviews with key stakeholders from the Climate and Monument Protection Departments in L{\"u}beck, Regensburg, and Bamberg, reveals a negative impact of cultural heritage on climate governance. The study contends that, when harnessed effectively, cultural heritage can contribute to the sustainability and resilience of cities in addressing climate change. It emphasises the necessity for flexibility, collaboration, and a human-centric approach, advocating for a common understanding and prioritisation of human life within climate governance. In conclusion, this research underscores the importance of viewing heritage as a dynamic component integrated into cities' climate governance strategies.}, subject = {Climate change; Climate governance; Cultural heritage; UNESCO; World Heritage cities; Klimawandel; Klimagovernance; Kulturerbe; Welterbest{\"a}dte; Welterbe; Kulturerbe; Klimawandel; Klima{\"a}nderung; Stadtlandschaft; Governance}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Pham2023, author = {Pham, Anh Tu}, title = {Design and performance assessment for kinetic fa{\c{c}}ade based on minimal surface in the context of current and projected climate changes : case study in three climate regions}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6561}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-65610}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The current global warming caused by the enormous negative effects of climate change rings alarm bells to humanity. It requires a colossal cooperation of scientific researchers and practitioners in all professions to invent innovating solutions to reduce the impact of global warming. In fact, the use of kinetic facades in architecture helps to save up to 50\% of energy used in office space and to reduce 20\% of CO2 emissions of entire building. Thus, how effective can the use of kinetic facades be in different climate regions? This research employs Grasshopper to design kinetic facades based on Minimal surfaces. DIVA 4.1 and LadyBug software based on the EnergyPlus are used to generate output data of energy use for cooling system of kinetic facade and 06 conventional facades in Berlin, Ho Chi Minh and Las Vegas in two SRES scenarios (A1FI and B1) of the IPCC in 2020, 2050 and 2080. The output data shows that the performance of the kinetic facade is approximately 40\% higher than the facade with high-performance double glazing. Meaning, there is great potential to apply kinetic facades in various places on Earth in the current context of severe climate change.}, subject = {Klimawandel; Kinetische Fassade; Konventionelle Fassade; K{\"u}hlsystemeinsparung; Energieeffizienz; Climate change; Kinetic facade; Conventional facade; Cooling system saving; Energy effciency; Fassadengestaltung; Erw{\"a}rmung ; K{\"u}hlsystem; Energieeinsparung}, language = {en} } @techreport{MuchaSchmidt2023, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Mucha, Claudia and Schmidt, Annika}, title = {Historische Kleinst{\"a}dte im Klimawandel : Herausforderungen, Potenziale und Handlungsans{\"a}tze}, issn = {2940-6366}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6548}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-65481}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Mit der Zunahme von H{\"a}ufigkeit und Intensit{\"a}t von Extremwetterereignissen werden die Folgen des Klimawandels auf lokaler Ebene sicht- und sp{\"u}rbar. Kommunen sind aufgefordert, Vorsorge zu betreiben und mit Anpassungsmaßnahmen den Folgen des Klimawandels zu begegnen. Von besonderer Bedeutung sind Anpassungsmaßnahmen dort, wo Schadenspotenzial und -risiko besonders hoch sind, so auch in historischen Altst{\"a}dten. Gleichzeitig erfordert dieser Stadttypus besondere Sensibilit{\"a}t im Umgang mit der wertvollen Bausubstanz und einem oft einzigartigen Stadtbild. Einen konkreten L{\"o}sungsansatz im Umgang mit l{\"a}nger anhaltenden Trockenperioden auf der einen und Starkregenereignissen auf der anderen Seite bietet das Prinzip der Schwammstadt. Ziel des Forschungsvorhabens ist es, zu untersuchen, welche Elemente des Schwammstadtprinzips in welcher Weise in der historischen Stadt sinnvoll, Stadttypus-gerecht und wirkungsvoll sind. Im Kontext von baukulturell wertvoller st{\"a}dtebaulicher Struktur und Bausubtanz lautet das Motto hinsichtlich baulicher Eingriffe: „So wenig wie m{\"o}glich, so viel wie n{\"o}tig." Gleichzeitig gilt, dass die Kleinstadt im Vergleich zur Großstadt zwar einen „geringeren Grad an Ausdifferenziertheit ihrer Subsysteme" aufweist, sie aber - ebenfalls im Vergleich zur Großstadt - nicht als defizit{\"a}r betrachtet werden sollten. Neben Fragen nach Herausforderungen und Potenzialen der historischen Kleinstadt in Bezug auf die Anpassung an Klimawandelfolgen wird vor allem auf L{\"o}sungsans{\"a}tze fokussiert, die dabei helfen, Schwammstadtprinzipien und denkmalgerechte Entwicklung miteinander zu kombinieren. Untersuchungsgegenstand sind die Kleinst{\"a}dte der beiden kommunalen Arbeitsgemeinschaften St{\"a}dte mit historischen Stadtkernen des Landes Brandenburg und Historische Stadt- und Ortskerne im Land Nordrhein-Westfalen. In der ersten Phase des Projektes wurden Daten mittels einer Online-Umfrage erhoben, die daraus gewonnenen Erkenntnisse durch die Untersuchung von Referenzst{\"a}dten und Expert:innen-Interviews erg{\"a}nzt, teilweise korrigiert bzw. klargestellt. Anschließend wurden die Ergebnisse dokumentiert und wiederum {\"u}ber Veranstaltungen in die Kleinst{\"a}dte transferiert. Neben den klassischen wissenschaftlichen Methoden war ein Dialog mit und zwischen den Kleinst{\"a}dten und der Austausch mit den Expert:innen zentrales Element des Forschungsvorhabens. Zu den zentralen Erkenntnissen z{\"a}hlt, dass f{\"u}r die meisten Kleinst{\"a}dte die Anpassung ihrer historischen Altstadt an die Folgen des Klimawandels noch ein sehr neues Feld der Stadtentwicklungspraxis ist und sie dabei an personelle und finanzielle Grenzen stoßen. Zudem weist die historische Stadt- und Geb{\"a}udestruktur verschiedene hemmende Faktoren f{\"u}r die Umsetzung der Klimaanpassungsmaßnahmen auf, die eine behutsame Pr{\"u}fung der realisierbaren Maßnahmen und eine individuelle Umsetzungsstrategie notwendig machen. Gleichzeitig bietet die historische Kleinstadt eine Vielzahl an Potenzialen, die den klimaadaptiven Umbau beg{\"u}nstigen und zum Teil relativieren.}, subject = {Historische Stadt; Denkmalschutz; Kleinstadt; Klimaanpassung; Schwammstadt; Historic city; Heritage protection; Small town; Climate adaptation; Sponge city; Kleinstadt; Altstadt; Stadtsanierung; Denkmalpflege; Klimawandel}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Schreckinger2023, author = {Schreckinger, Jos{\´e}}, title = {Short- and long-term succession in intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams : sediment microbial communities structure and biogeochemical trajectories}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6379}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-63793}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams (IRES) experience drying events, and they are becoming increasingly common due to climate change and anthropogenic water withdrawal. Despite their prevalence, IRES have been less studied than non-drying rivers, and more research is needed to understand their dynamics. This dissertation examines drying events' effects on the sediment microbial community structure and biogeochemistry in temperate IRES. First, a research study was carried out using an outdoor mesocosm setup to track changes in bacterial and fungal communities, microbial functions and properties of sediment-dissolved organic carbon during three different drying events. Results showed that drying duration and intensity and sediment organic matter content regulated river Spree sediment microbial community composition and biogeochemical processes during drying. The associated sediment respiration, assessed as CO2 flux, rapidly declined during all drying treatments, and Bacilli class became the most dominant bacteria after 90 days of drying, except in non-enriched sediment under the most intense drying. Second, a microcosm experiment was conducted to understand how sediment drying history and properties influence biogeochemical dynamics during an IRES expansion phase. Sediment respiration and nutrient release/retention rates were measured through flow resumption, and results showed that drying duration and intensity and sediment organic matter content regulated the dynamics of nutrients and respiration upon flow resumption. Under the most intense and prolonged drying, non-enriched sediment showed a lag response in respiration during the first day after flow resumption, while all other treatments had either a linear increase or a fast pulse in respiration. Finally, the long-term microbial succession in IRES sediment and soil in the experimental catchment of Chicken Creek was investigated. In 2008 and 2018, the sediment of three ephemeral streams and their adjacent soil was analyzed for the structure of the bacterial and fungal communities and microbial functions across different seasons. Results showed that environmental factors, such as vegetation type and organic matter content, mediated sediment and soil microbial succession in Chicken Creek. Ephemeral streams under spare and sporadic flow events remained unique ecosystems with distinctive microbial communities and biogeochemical dynamics, different from its riparian soil. Overall, this dissertation concludes that temperate IRES are dynamic ecosystems where dry-wet cycles and environmental factors modulate their sediment microbial community structure and function trajectories in the short- and long term.}, subject = {Rivers; Drying; Biogeochemistry; Bacteria; Fungi; Fl{\"u}sse; Trocknung; Biogeochemie; Bakterien; Pilze; Fluss; Bach; Bakterien; Pilze; Biogeochemie; D{\"u}rre; Klimawandel; Flusssediment}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Trinh2023, author = {Trinh, Xuan Manh}, title = {A methodological framework for future flood risk assessment in ungauged and data-scarce coastal river catchments in Southeast Asia}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6441}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-64411}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Ungauged and data-scarce coastal river catchments, small and medium-sized ones in particular, are popular worldwide, especially in developing countries in Southeast Asia. In general, coastal river catchments are exposed to various coastal hazards such as fluvial floods, typhoons, and sea-level rise. In addition, climate change and socio-economic development will substantially change global flood risks. However, in scientific research, flood risk and future flood risk assessments in such coastal river catchments have not been significantly considered. Therefore, the overall objective of this thesis is to propose an innovative methodological framework for modeling and evaluating flood risk in such river catchments in the future under the impacts of climate change, sea-level rise, and land-use change based on using numerical models (hydrological models and land-use change models) and remote sensing data (satellite images and precipitation) in combination with other state-of-the-art methods, tools and models, and new approaches, such as flood risk assessment methods, regionalization methods, and statistical downscaling methods. The proposed framework was adopted, applied, and validated successfully for a case study - Tra Bong River Catchment - on the south-central coast of Vietnam as a test application. The main conclusion of this research is that the proposed framework can provide valuable information and projections of changing future flood risk associated with climatic and socio-economic changes in ungauged and data-scarce coastal river catchments. The proposed framework is designed with free model and method choices, meaning that it can apply different methods and tools for each step depending on the natural characteristics of river catchments, data collection, tools, and understanding of models, etc. Finally, this research can be used as a technical reference for designing and building national, regional, or local frameworks/guidelines for assessing future flood risk in ungauged and data-scarce coastal river catchments in Vietnam and other countries in Southeast Asia.}, subject = {Methodological framework; Numerical models; Flood risks; Climate change; Ungauged catchments; Methodologisches Modellierungskonzept; Numerische Modelle; Hochwasserrisiko; Klimawandel; Einzugsgebiete ohne Messdaten; Mittelvietnam; K{\"u}stengew{\"a}sser; Klimawandel; Hochwasser; Datenerhebung; Methodologie; Modllierung; Numerisches Modell}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Gerling2023, author = {Gerling, Charlotte}, title = {Economics of climate adaptation for biodiversity conservation}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6260}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-62601}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Climate change is a major threat to biodiversity and ecologists have identified necessary adaptation strategies. However, little research has been conducted so far on the economics of climate adaptation for biodiversity conservation. Three challenges arise from an economic perspective: How to (1) assess the impact of climate change on the cost-effectiveness of conservation, (2) consider the increasing uncertainty, and (3) evaluate conservation policy instruments under climate change. Addressing these challenges provides a thus far largely unexplored perspective on the economics of biodiversity conservation. This perspective relies on novel methodologies and provides policy-relevant insights. In this thesis, these challenges are addressed in eight articles. Chapter 2 presents a novel economic evaluation framework to assess policy instruments for climate adaptation. Specific criteria are developed, their relevance for different strategies is assessed and suitable instruments identified. Chapters 3 and 4 have a methodological focus as two climate-ecological-economic (CEE) models are developed. Chapter 3 presents an applied model integrating detailed sub-models able to assess the cost-effective spatio-temporal allocation of conservation measures. In chapter 4, methods from operations research are developed further to identify optimal time series of reserve networks. In both chapters, cost-effective conservation plans are identified in case study applications. In chapter 5, CEE modelling is applied to examine the role of uncertainties regarding future climatic conditions. It is found that a trade-off between expected performance and robustness emerges in the case study in the future. In chapters 6 to 8, CEE modelling is used to assess policy instruments under climate change. Chapter 6 examines an agri-environment scheme: cost-effectiveness requires flexibility in adapting the timing of conservation measures due to species' adaptations and changes in costs. Chapter 7 examines two versions of land purchase: a "no sale" policy which prohibits sales for ecological reasons and a "sale" policy to enhance spatial flexibility for adaptation. A new trade-off is identified: while "no sale" mainly increases habitat permanence of expanding habitat types, "sale" improves the outcome for increasingly threatened habitat types. Chapter 8 is novel in its comparative analysis of two policy instruments considering spatial and management flexibility in a case study. It is found that in the case study, conservation contracts are more cost-effective than land purchase, but that the relative suitability switches when the conservation agency is able to capture producer rents. Finally, chapter 9 uses the results of chapters 3 and 5 to develop an innovative teaching tool for students to learn about cost-effective biodiversity conservation under climate change.}, subject = {Biodiversity conservation; Climate change; Climate-ecological-economic modelling; Cost-effectiveness; Uncertainty; Biodiversit{\"a}tsschutz; Klimawandel; Klima-{\"o}kologisch-{\"o}konomische Modellierung; Kosteneffizienz; Unsicherheit; Umweltbewertung; Klima{\"a}nderung; {\"O}kologie; Konzeptionelle Modellierung; {\"O}koeffizienz}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Mbachu2021, author = {Mbachu, Ikechukwu}, title = {Flood vulnerability assessment and adaptive capacity of smallholder farmers : a case study of the Orashi basin in the Niger Delta}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-57211}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2021}, abstract = {In most studies on flood risk in Nigeria, priority is given to urban flood risk than rural flood risk. Smallholder farmers who mostly inhabit rural areas and flood plains are known to be at great risk of flooding, but to date, there have been no studies on the impacts they experience and how they cope with these impacts. To establish the existence of significant change in precipitation in the study area, statistical analysis of precipitation data was conducted using linear regression and non-parametric Mann Kendall test. Landsat satellite images for 1986, 2003 and 2016 were obtained from the United States Geological Survey's (USGS) website and used to collect and analyze data related to land use. To determine flood risk in the context of land use change, the HEC-HMS model version 3.5 was used. Land use maps corresponding to 1986, 2003, and 2016 LULC conditions were analysed and prepared for the calculation of CN values using Soil Conservation Service (SCS-CN) method. CN map was prepared by integrating the maps of hydrologic soil groups and land use in ArcGIS software. Based on selected morphological parameters, a flood risk map was developed for the study area. The morphologic flood risk showed that most parts of the basin face moderate flood risk. Higher runoff values were observed under 2016 LULC conditions mainly due to intense deforestation relative to those of 1986 and 2003. The results indicated that runoff and peak discharge are significantly affected by deforestation instead of changes in the rainfall pattern. Flood inundation maps of the study area were prepared for the flood events of 2012 and 2015. Maximum depth for the 2012 and 2015 flood events was calculated as 10.58m and 7.39m, respectively. The socioeconomic aspects of the research were conducted using household survey method. Using snowball sampling techniques, 400 flood-affected households were selected. The results show that the adaptive capacity of smallholder farmers in the study area remains very low and hampered by several factors such as poverty and weakened social networks. The synopsis of the examined variables leads to the following conclusion: Instead of climatic factors - as one indicator of vulnerability - it is social inequality and poverty in the region as well as the structural economic differences between various groups that mainly drives vulnerability in the study area.}, subject = {Vulnerability; Flood; Smallholder farmers; Climate change; Adaptive capacity; Hochwasserrisiko; Anpassungsf{\"a}higkeit; Kleinbauern; Klimawandel; Verletzlichkeit; Nigeria; Nigerdelta; Hochwasser; Kleinbauer; L{\"a}ndlicher Raum; Niederschlagsmessung; Anf{\"a}lligkeit; Klimawandel}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Nguyen2021, author = {Nguyen, Thi Thu Trang}, title = {Promoting sustainability and resilience in Vietnam's floating community: the assessment of innovative housing units and materials for adaptation to climate change}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-5455}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-54556}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Climate change is one of the most pressing global challenges of the 21st Century. According to the United Nations, Vietnam with a coastline of more than 3600 km, is one of top 30 countries facing an "extremely high risk" from the impacts of climate change over the next 30 years. Research undertaken in Vietnam indicates that significant impacts due to sea level rise have already occurred, resulting in the increased unpredictability and severity of coastal problems, such as land-loss, flooding of low lying coastal areas, accelerated coastal erosion, all which directly impacts the local population residing in the coastal region. Moreover, due to sea level rise, the amount of land available for development along the coast and further highly populated low lying land such as in the Mekong Delta will decrease. Facing these risks requires government and experts to urgently find effective solutions to ensure adequate space for residents in low-lying coastal areas. The current solutions being discussed are not only traditionally raising accommodation or resettlement to higher areas, or "living with the water", but also a view of "living on the water". In this case, floating architecture is seen as an effective solution for many low lying coastal areas all over the world and in Vietnam in particular. In fact that, Vietnam has a long history of floating settlements with a large number of floating villages. However, these floating villages are built with dilapidated houses which are built on rafts, and most floating settlements have been threaten by several socio-cultural, economic and environmental factors. Therefore, the main purpose of the research is to upgrade floating architecture in Vietnam to a higher level and standard adapting to climate change and social change. The research will provide methods and innovation tools to bridge the gap between existing floating house, as an unsafe and inconvenient type of accommodation, and contemporary housing needs in water bodies to allow for a fit between traditional designing experience and contemporary innovation of floating architecture. Based on lessons and innovations of floating architecture development in other countries, as well as based on the traditional experience and vernacular architecture of floating houses in Vietnam, the research will create theoretical frameworks, guidelines and design criteria for sustainable floating houses and floating settlements. The sustainable concept focuses on both sustainability and affordability when using innovative floating structures and materials in accordance with the local climatic and social condition of Vietnam, as well as adapting to climate change and sea level rise. The study will not only protect existing floating villages, preserve aquatic lifestyle that ensure a stable and permanent living on the water for inhabitants, but also improve floating architecture for modern demands and resilient living adapting to social change and climate change in Vietnam.}, subject = {Sustainable floating house; Sustainable floating community; Resilience; Climate change; Vietnam; Nachhaltiges schwimmendes Haus; Nachhaltige schwimmende Gemeinschaft; Resilienz; Klimawandel; Vietnam; Vietnam; Klimawandel; Sozialer Wandel; Siedlung; Bau{\"o}kologie; Schwimmendes Bauwerk; Resilienz}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Simon2020, author = {Simon, Sylvio}, title = {Conference proceedings of the 4th international conference on energy supply and energy efficiency and "5 years NESEFF"}, editor = {Simon, Sylvio and Danneberg, Nina}, isbn = {978-3-940471-59-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-53808}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Climate change, CO2 reduction, resource efficiency are only 3 current keywords that describe the current industrial-economic situation. In order to influence climate change effectively, the conversion of supply systems with technically usable forms of energy must succeed in the next decade. The international network founded in Baku in 2015 bundles research activities in the broad field of energy supply and energy efficiency. Discuss current research approaches and results with scientists and experts from renowned universities and follow Azerbaijan's efforts to implement the energy revolution.}, subject = {Rollers; Climate change; Energy efficiency; Energy resources; Energy management; Tragrollen; Energieeffizienz; Klimawandel; Energieressourcen; Energiemanagement; Klimawandel; Energiemanagement; Energieeffizienz; Energieversorgung}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Downes2019, author = {Downes, Nigel Keith}, title = {Climate adaptation planning : an urban structure type approach for understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of risks in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-51185}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Urban adaptation is a critical issue for many of the developing countries of Southeast Asia. Vietnam is likely to be among the countries most adversely affected by climate change. Moreover, its largest city, Ho Chi Minh City is considered worldwide as one of most vulnerable to a multitude of climate-related hazards, including flooding, sea-level rise and extreme heat events. Similar to other rapidly developing megacities in Southeast Asia, Ho Chi Minh City has undergone enormous changes in recent decades and has rapidly developed into an emerging megacity shaped by global processes and local settlement patterns. Recently, the need to adapt to the multiple stressors of rapid urbanisation and climate change has become increasingly evident. Adaptation to climate change in urban areas depends on decision-makers' understanding of the current and future impacts of climate change. Land-use planning as a place-based and problem-solving strategy has been recognised as a key tool in this respect, to mainstream climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction into urban development. Yet a key challenge is a lack of relevant information on exposed populations and assets at risk to planners and policymakers. The dissertation outlines the development of an integrated framework predominantly based on an urban structure type approach. This approach was used to manually interpret high resolution, remotely sensed imagery in order to portray and understand patterns of settlement and urban structure layout of the current and emerging landscapes of Ho Chi Minh City. The approach is able to capture the highly dynamic spatiotemporal, social and structural changes associated with rapid urbanisation. The overall findings show the applicability of the developed framework to produce important input indicators for risk adapted land-use planning. These are ultimately useful to determine hotspots for administrative interventions and to assist prioritising in spatial and urban planning decision-making.}, subject = {Climate change; Urban adaptation; Urban structure type; Land-use planning; Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Stadtstrukturtypen; Landnutzungsplanung; Ho Chi Minh Stadt, Vietnam; Klimawandel; St{\"a}dtische Anpassung an den Klimawandel; Ho-Chi-Minh-Stadt; Klima{\"a}nderung; Stadtstruktur; Stadtplanung}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Tran2014, author = {Tran, Thong Nhat}, title = {Improvement of flood risk assessment under climate change in Ho Chi Minh City with GIS applications}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-30783}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Ho Chi Minh City is the largest city in VN. The city is the most important center of economy, society and culture in the southern region of Vietnam. However, due to characteristics of natural conditions with low topography and borders touch the sea so that since the late 20th century with the rapid economic and urban development there are environmental problems have arisen. One of the problems is flooding issue caused by high tide. With these natural conditions and sea level rise of climate change in the future, Ho Chi Minh City is considered as one of the most affected and damaged cities in the world. Therefore, many policies have been set out from the national to local levels in Vietnam to prepare for adaptability of impacts and risks of the sea level rise and the climate change. And this has also been considered in Ho Chi Minh City as the development policies of the city authorities have to consider in the context of the sea level rise and the climate change. A number of researches have been conducted to assess the impact of climate change to Ho Chi Minh City in the future. However, these researches are still need to be enhanced further. The flooding problem is a major issue of the sea level rise in Ho Chi Minh City. And to make a good result, the flood model needs a lot of requirements that ensure fine quality of input data, suitable model and a relied procedure. In the available research, the input data is not really the highest quality in the available context in Ho Chi Minh City. As the flood model is implemented, one of the input data requirements of the model is information detail of elevation in the flooded area. And this is more necessary than in geophysical urban areas such as Ho Chi Minh City. And to assess fully flood risk issues for flooding caused by tidal phenomenon in Ho Chi Minh City, the determination of many characteristics of flood model is very useful for users who need to apply the results of the model for the planning development in Ho Chi Minh City in the future. Besides adopting a uniform environment as GIS for managing all the data of flooding problem and making conditions for the development of decision support systems is very necessary for flood management in the future. The research has been carried out and its results have been generated on the flood risk assessment associated context of the sea level rise due to climate change with high emissions scenario A1FI in 2030 for the current houses, the population and the land use types. The results have shown a lot of the areas where are inundated in the future with the increasing flooding duration, depth and frequency even though they are not flooded at the current because there are some protective structures. This will be helpful for suggesting a forecast of the development direction to decision makers in Ho Chi Minh City for next time period. And the last part is the proposal for decision and policy makers, authorities and planners as well. Moreover, the results of this research can be used as the references and the foundations for further researches and so that the problems that Ho Chi Minh City may be encountered due to flood risk caused by climate change to the economic and social aspects of the development in Ho Chi Minh City will encounter. And the problem of adaptation to climate change will be more completed and more thoroughly so that it is to minimize the damage of climate change for the city.}, subject = {GIS; Sea Level Rise; Climate Change; Flood Risk; Ho Chi Minh City; Anstieg des Meeresspiegels; Hochwasserrisiko; Klimawandel; Ho Chi Minh Stadt; Vietnam; Ho-Chi-Minh-Stadt; Klima{\"a}nderung; {\"U}berschwemmungsgefahr; Geoinformationssystem}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Le2014, author = {Le, Thanh Hoa}, title = {Measuring urban morphology for adaptation to climate change in Ho Chi Minh City}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus-29596}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Urban morphology is used in many developed countries to classify and manage the dis-tribution of urban functions. In urban planning, it helps to identify the emerging prob-lems and solve the disorder of urban functions. The megacity Ho Chi Minh City has faced many problems with uncontrollable urbanization, urban management and plan-ning. It has received increasing tropical storms and cyclones which caused more heavy rains in recent decades. Rapid urbanization has caused the increase of built-up coverage with disordered typologies, incomplete infrastructure and urban-peripheral instability. In the flooding context, these problems have increased more seriously with flooding impacts and caused uncontrollable planning and management in the city. This study applies the urban morphology method to measure flood impacts on urban functions and develop the adaptive solutions for flooding adaptation for Ho Chi Minh City. The methods in this study are based on applying fractal geometry, GIS and Remote Sensing on large-scale maps for measuring the urban morphology. The land-use map and the building footprints map of 2010 were founded to analyze the distribution of urban areas by high resolution of satellite images and large scale GIS data. The fractal geometry was a setting based on Avenue program of Arcview GIS to measure the urban morphology. This formed a key input for the multi-criteria analysis (MCA) method that investigated the cause of flood impacts and suggested the solution for flooding adapta-tion. In addition, alterations of lakes, ponds and watercourse from 1995 to 2009 were explored. The study showed HCMC had problems on irrational development in residential densi-ties areas and urban functions, and the uneven development of population and residen-tial density between the urban areas: too much in the urban districts (about 300 to 500 persons per hectare per block and coverage ratio 0.7 - 0.9). This pushed the increasing demand on built-up area and filled-up rivers and canals (About 80 percent of original ponds and lakes in inner-center were filled-up in the past; and 63 percent of ponds and lakes have been filled-up in Sub-Districts and new-urban-development areas). It made the imbalance between the permeability of land surface and the run-off water flows; then leads the inundation to increase. This is the main reason for reducing the water-storage capacity in rainy season. Flooding in urban residential area was more im-pacted than in rural residential area, higher level and longer flood time; while flooding in the rainy season due to high tides, heavy rains or both was the emerging and uncon-trollable problems. For flooding adaptation, urban morphology analysis helped to figure out the potential areas in the city could be used for reducing flooding impacts in urban areas. There are many low-density residential areas in above 1.5 meter AMSL areas in the North, Northwest and Northeast areas of the city which could be developed with complete infrastructure and urban services to attract people from high-density residential areas impacted deeply by floods in the center. These potential areas could be the long-term strategic solution to flooding adaptation for HCMC. The results also suggested that some current flooded areas would be re-planned or returned to be the water-storage and permeable areas (such as green parks, ponds and lakes). This re-planning would improve the city landscape and increase the permeable surface, green spaces and open spaces to HCMC. More green spaces, lakes and ponds will also help to reduce the temperature of urban center in the dry season. This adaptation solution would reduce at least 25 percent of current flooded areas in urban center. The protection and constructed restriction of current agricultural areas in peri-urban Districts would maintain the infil-tration and green-tree areas. Furthermore, the complete drainage system would help to reduce better flood for these areas. Finally, fully dredging river and canal system of the city would reduce about 25 to 30 percent of current flooded areas.}, subject = {Ho-Chi-Minh-Stadt; Stadtplanung; Hochwasser; Klima{\"a}nderung; Geoinformationssystem; Stadtmorphologie; Klimawandel; Hochwasser; Fraktale Geometrie; Stadtgebiet; Urban morphology; Climate change; Flooding; Fractal geometry; Urban area}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Nguyen2014, author = {Nguyen, Thi Phuong Chau}, title = {The Socioeconomic impact assessment of climate change in Ho Chi Minh City}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus-29580}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Historically as a city situated in a low-lying area a Ho Chi Minh City has been exposed to floods. Ho Chi Minh City is a megacity with uncontrollable urbanization and dynam-ic economies. In recent years, flood has become a serious problem with a multitude of follow-on impacts. It received more heavy rains affected by tropical storms and cy-clones. Further urbanization and future changes in climate are likely to increase flood risks. People have faced the flood impacts on the socioeconomic aspects in recent dec-ades. This study researched on 450 households in different spaces of the inner center (old districts), developed center (urban districts) and new-developing areas (peri-districts) and in different geographical elevations to identify the impacts of flooding in various space and time; and various problems on households' socioeconomic aspects in flood residential areas. The multi-criteria analyses in GIS and with of the combination SPSS analysis, the sur-veyed households were identified by their location on the topographic map to clarify the flooding reasons and the types of flood in the areas. The 450 households were chosen in flood residential areas and selected in three categories of characteristics: (1) 150 poor households in flood housing areas; (2) 150 poor households in non-flood housing areas; and (3) 150 higher-income households in non-flood housing areas. This disparity was to analyze the different flood impacts on socioeconomic aspects and on household capitals amongst them. The linear regression in SPSS analysis was used to clarify the relation-ships between flood types with space factor (geographical elevation) and time factors (flood months in year, and flood years in residential areas). This test gave the supports to the reliability of the study results. By geographical elevation analysis, flood impacted on the areas in three main types: (1) flood by rain; (2) flood by tide; and (3) flood by both rain and tide. The tidal flood oc-cupied the low-elevation areas; flood by rain invaded the widespread higher-elevation areas; and the mix type of flood occupied the transition areas between flood areas by rain and by tide. Lower land had the deeper flood level, however; many of high-land areas were flooded in this city. Flood in residential areas had caused flood problems on streets, sidewalks (housing pavements), residential drainage system, water supply and electric power. In the poor households of Group One, flood in residential areas impacted their housing areas. To protect housing from flooding, many households had to invest their income for house rising or rebuilding or pavement rising, etc. They also privately invested for repairing or new buying their housing facilities, furniture and other appli-ances. Their income was lost and deficit. To the household capitals analysis, households were impacted more on physical, financial, natural and human capitals. The poor households in Group One had the most vulnerabilities amongst three groups, whilst there was no support from social organizations and government at levels. The household strategies developed in this study are to support people in flood and flood-prone areas conserving their capabilities to achieve the strategic outcome for sustainable develop-ment.}, subject = {Verst{\"a}dterung; Sozio{\"o}konomischer Wandel; Klima{\"a}nderung; Hochwasser; Geoinformationssystem; Hochwasser; Klimawandel; Urbanisierung; Sozio-{\"o}konomische Auswirkungen; Kapital-Vulnerabilit{\"a}t; Flood impacts; Climatic change; Rapid urbanization; Socioeconomic impacts; Households' capital vulnerability}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Techoro2013, author = {Techoro, Prosper Somah}, title = {Climatic change impacts on subsistence agriculture in the Sudano-Sahel Zone of Cameroon - constraints and opportunities for adaptation}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus-28441}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Unlike many areas of the world where agricultural producers exhibit the physical, economic and social resources to moderate, or adapt, subsistence agriculture in the Sudano-Sahel region of Cameroon is seem to be particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climatic variability. This is in part due to the fact that the majority of the population depends on rain-fed agriculture for their livelihood. Adapting to climate change in the subsistence agricultural sector is therefore very imperative in providing food security and concomitantly protecting the livelihood of rural communities. This study examined the patterns of current climatic variables on some selected subsistence staple crops namely; millet and sorghum in the Cameroon´s Sudano-Sahel. It also valorized and documented the community based adaptation strategies used by local farmers to cope with current climate change, explored the constraints and opportunities in adaptation and mitigation that could facilely be integrated and incorporated into policies and programs. The guiding premises were that climatic change impacts subsistence crop yields as the lower the rainfall, the higher the vulnerability of the yields of staple crops. It also hypothesized that the present community-based strategies used by the local farmers are relevant and crucial to the present day quest for climate change adaptation strategies. Analyses of agricultural droughts using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), spatio-temporal land use and land cover dynamics via remote sensing were utilized as well as the application of statistical tools for the investigation of pressure and state indicators. A participatory research approach was used in exploring adaptation patterns perceived by the ruralites in the face of variable climatic condition via administered questionnaires. The results suggested critical impact asymmetries due to climatic and socio-economic factors affected subsistence crops in the Sudano-Sahel of Cameroon. Furthermore, SPI results indicated incidences of droughts; with the Multilinear Regression (MLR) models showing temperature and rainfall to an extent determined agricultural crop productivity in the Sudano-Sahel. However, other factors such as population growth have undoubtedly caused enormous impacts on the agricultural system as seen in remote sensing analyses. Questionnaire survey findings also connoted that subsistence farming communities have a rich repertoire of strategies ranging from changing of planting dates, changing of crop varieties, switching from crops to livestock, use of local indicators, movement from rural to urban areas, increment in cultivated lands, irrigation soil conservation practices among many others as they perceive varying climatic conditions. Additionally, some of these indigenous strategies are inherent in ecological agricultural practices that offer a win-win scenario for the simultaneously tackling of climate change adaptation and mitigation and hence meeting the development goals. The results further highlighted the lack of money, poor access to climate information, the encroachment of desert and shortage of man power as some of the factors hindering subsistence farmers' ability to adapt. The study concluded that adaptation measures in subsistence agriculture were highly significant for poverty reduction, thus improving on the well-being of the ruralites. The key to the ability of farmers to adapt would be access to relevant knowledge and information. Following the rich repertoire of strategies by local farmers, adaptation needed to be mainstreamed and institutional networks strengthened in order for effective community based adaptation.  }, subject = {Kamerun; Sahel; Subsistenzwirtschaft; Klima{\"a}nderung; Klimawandel; D{\"u}rre; Anpassung; Bev{\"o}lkerung; Armut; Climate Change; Drought; Adaptation; Rural Population; Poverty}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Helbron2008, author = {Helbron, Hendrike}, title = {Strategic environmental assessment in regional land use planning : indicator system for the assessment of degradation of natural resources and land uses with environmental potential for adaption to global climate change (LUCCA)}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus-5848}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2008}, abstract = {Strategic Environmental Assessment in regional land use planning (here: SEA-REP) is a systematic process in Germany, which aims at an optimisation of the integration of environmental policies into decision-making at regional scale. It therefore plays an essential role for the comparison of site alternatives, and the implementation of mitigation and adaptation measures of negative effects of both regional development and climate change. Significant findings and personal experiences gained in an INTERREG project (‛transSEA') created a fundamental basis for this doctoral research. The main objective was to develop the ‛LUCCA' indicator system, which is a result of an analysis of land use types, that are increasingly important for effects of global climate change, and should therefore adapt to future conditions with regional land use planning. This system was developed from current German practice of the methodological application of SEA-REP in the core assessment of site-specific impacts on the affected area and impact zone. Main objectives were to integrate spatial effects of climate change into SEA-REP, and to develop a method to make particularly the tendency of physical degradation of natural resources in a region transparent. The research was based on a comprehensive analysis of best practice of SEA and assessment methods applied in German case studies of regional land use planning. Proposed was a a two-tiered environmental baseline- and objective-led approach of impact assessment. Its first tier is a site-specific assessment of significant impacts of regional plan designations and their alternatives. An environmental conflict analysis has the aim to apply assessment thresholds of conflict intensity for each impact factor affecting the importance of assessed components of LUCCA. Results are three classes of conflict intensity, which were determined and can be measured with the help of state indicators, impact indicators and assessment thresholds. 12 LUCCA indicators were defined in connection to regional environmental orientation objectives, environmental components, land uses and further criteria for indicator selection. The second tier is represented by an overall strategic assessment of the regional plan and its designation criteria. This assessment additionally considers positive and cumulative impacts, as well as structural alternatives. The result of the research is a standard concept for environmental orientation objectives, guidance indicators and assessment ranges for the LUCCA indicator system. Regional environmental orientation objectives, which represent outcome values of the future state of environment, were derived from existent environmental quality objectives and environmental quality standards. For each LUCCA indicator mitigation and adaptation measures of regional planning and requirements for tiering to SEA of lower land use planning were proposed. Recommendations for vital and critical action are addressed to competent national and regional authorities of spatial and sector planning. These involve the direct integration of concerns of climate change into SEA-REP, the regional operationalisation of environmental objectives for adaptation to climate change, an improved cooperation between spatial and sector planners concerned with the future use of land and resources, and, last but not least, an involvement of the public in the setting of regional objectives for the future state of a region's environment. Recommendations for the competent national and federal ministries are the integration of substantial standards into legislation, the setting of binding standards for a stricter reduction of land consumption, the determination of clear responsibilities and activities at all planning levels, and the release of guidance for effective regional land use planning practice that enhances adaptation to climate change. The main recommendations for European regional planning bodies are to establish regional environmental objective concepts for SEA-REP, update regional environmental data profiles, apply the SEA-REP+LUCCA indicator system, develop a tiered decision-support system, challenge conventional regional planning, improve cooperation with sector planning and involve the public in the development of adaptation strategies. A recommended adaptation task at regional planning level is the designation of strictly safeguarded priority areas with specific functions of land uses for the mitigation of negative effects of climate change. Such priority areas, which should be area-specifically defined in a regional land use map, should be linked to the implementation of binding adaptation measures in lower land use planning and at project level. An operationalisation of proposed assessment steps will be necessary for the regional-specific geographic and bio-physical conditions of the EU regions. The thesis concludes with future research needs and an outlook on the potential future role of SEA-REP. A clear responsibility of the future tasks of SEA-REP and LUCCA was recognised as a formal driving force for adaptation of land use to effects of climate change. Improved knowledge on spatial effects of climate change and vulnerability assessments will be required for an effective revision and application of SEA-REP and LUCCA. SEA should gain further importance in a transparent and participative decision-making. Environmental concerns and the protection of LUCCA will have to gain more weight, if the significance of danger and harm, caused by effects of climate change and anthropogenic land degradation, shall be mitigated now and in the future.}, subject = {Umweltvertr{\"a}glichkeitspr{\"u}fung; Raumordnung; Klima{\"a}nderung; Risikoanalyse; Bewertungssystem; Strategische Umweltpr{\"u}fung; Raumplanung; Klimawandel; Risikoanalyse; Bewertungsmethoden; Strategic environmental assessment; Land use planning; Climate change; Risk analysis; Assessment methods}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Wilberforce2007, author = {Wilberforce, Nana Takyi}, title = {Climate change detection in Central Africa}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus-3583}, school = {BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Central Africa is a band of land stretching from the Atlantic Ocean to the Horn of Africa between 18º N 0.75º S and 18º W 44º E. The climate of this region shows a transition zone from the Sahara Desert in the north to the wet tropical Guinean coast and equatorial continental interior in its south. In such transition zones, drought is a common occurrence; of great concern is the progressive drying of the region from the 1970s and into the 1980s. This thesis aims to investigate whether climate change has occurred in Central Africa in the 2nd half of the 20th century. The reanalysis data from the National Centres for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) was used to analyse trends of temperature and precipitation over Central Africa with the linear regression model and patterns of precipitation using principal component analysis. The results of the trend analyses revealed an average increase in temperature of 0.15K/ decade and an average decrease in precipitation of -91 mm/decade for the period 1948-2004 over the whole study area. A regional trend analysis of box averaged data (2.5° in latitude and longitude) revealed an increased precipitation over the Northern part," the Sahel", and a marked decrease in precipitation and an increase in temperature over the Eastern parts of the study areas especially in countries such as Somalia, Sudan and Ethiopia. To quantify the changes in temperature and precipitation for different climatic periods (1951-1980, 1961-1990 and 1971-2000), 30-year trend analyses were also performed. Results revealed a relatively stable temperature trend and fluctuations in the precipitation trend over the three 30 year climate periods. Principal component analysis produces a decomposition of the data field into spatial patterns (eigenvectors) and a temporal time series describing the temporal importance of these patterns. For precipitation over Central Africa, three patterns stand out for 60.39\% of the total variance in the precipitation over Central Africa. The individual principal components explain 37.6\%, 12.1\%, and 10.7\% respectively of the total variance. The first principal component captures progressive drying in Central Africa, the second principal component captures the different seasons within Central Africa and the third principal component captures the movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone over Central Africa. Apart from explaining the current precipitation patterns over Central Africa, the use of principal component analysis in this study has demonstrated that a limited number of spatial patterns are basis for African weather, coordinate system for present day climate with maximum variance contribution along the first axis, maximum of the remaining variance along the second axis with subsequent axes explaining less variance can be used to explain precipitation variability within Central Africa. The same method can be used to explain temporal differences between climate change scenarios and present day climate.}, subject = {Zentralafrika; Klima{\"a}nderung; Wiederschlaf; Temperatur; Zentralafrika; Klimawandel; Precipitation; Temperature; Central Africa; Climate Change}, language = {en} }