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- Lehrstuhl für Volkswirtschaftslehre, insbesondere Finanzwissenschaft (19) (remove)
65
The study considers some of the factors determining budget balance. In particular, it
investigates the relationship between budget balance and inflation. The analysis focuses on
European states in the period between 1999 and 2007, and concludes that the relationship
between budget balance and inflation is not demonstrable. In the literature, attempts to
quantify the relationship between the two factors have faced severe difficulties.
Inflation influences both the revenue side and the expenditure side of the budget, often
increasing one and reducing the other at the same time. These effects might balance each
other out, leaving the budget balance unchanged.
74
The economic crisis has brought a new situation also for the Hungarian economic
policy, as neoliberalism as the main trend in economic thought is no
longer valid. This phenomenon cannot be reduced to be a mere macroeconomic
course shift, as an entire economic philosophy and approach has lost its relevance.
One consequence of this is the need for a thorough revision of the theory
and practice of business management, along with the re-evaluation of the notion
and position of the corporation.
Our study aims to contribute to this theoretical reformation, presenting that social
values derived from psychological and sociological findings such as human
motivational theories or trust are fundamental elements of the 21st century corporate
model. To point to this, we use the ideological correspondences, while
proving that our national research on corporate theory and even rather its application
are far behind the 21st century requirements and lack even the Western
view of the 20th century.
72
Dieser Artikel zeigt, dass eine Subvention der heimischen Kreditzinsen zu einem
Rückgang der Auslandsverschuldung führen kann. Ausgehend von der Mittelwert-
Varianz- und der Erwartungsnutzentheorie wurde ein Modell entwickelt, in dessen
Rahmen der Wirtschaftsakteur sein internationales Kreditportfolio optimiert.
Eine Einbeziehung der Zinsparitätenbedingung war in der Analyse jedoch nicht
zielführend. In den Modellrahmen wird eine staatliche Zinssubvention eingeführt
und ihre theoretische Wirkung auf die Fremdwährungsverschuldung der Haushalte
untersucht.
77
The phenomenon of manipulation of the economy by the incumbent for electoral purpose is called
Political Business Cycles (PBC). Using policy control economic instruments, such as fiscal and monetary
instruments, governments may manipulate the economy to gain electoral advantage by producing growth
and decreasing unemployment before elections.
Earlier research on PBC in Albania found clear evidence of fiscal expansion before elections. In addition
to increased income from taxes and borrowing, another source of financing the increased fiscal expansion
in transition countries may be income from privatization, which is also the object of the analysis of this
paper. In our analysis we apply standard econometric approach, used widely for research related to PBC.
We test if income from privatization increases before elections.
We find statistically significant increase of income from privatization before general (parliamentary)
elections, which may lead us to conclude that one of the reasons may be to finance increased expenditures
before elections. Another motivation, behind this behavior of the incumbent, may be rent – seeking.
These results are of particular interest, as it is for the first time that income from privatization is analyzed
in conjunction with PBC.
73
The market structure can be described by concentration ratios based on the
oligopoly theory or the structure – conduct – performance paradigm. Measures of
concentration and also competition are essential for banks conduction in the
banking industry. Several researchers have proved concentration level to be major
determinants of banking system efficiency. Theoretical characteristics of market
concentration measures are illustrated with empirical evidence. The market
structure of the Albanian Banking Sector has changed dramatically in recent years.
On 1990s, our country has experienced deregulation, foreign bank penetration, and
an accelerated process of consolidation and competition in the banking sector.
Particularly, the working paper examines the nature and the extent of changes in
market concentration of Albanian banking sector. It focused primarily on a
descriptive and dynamic analysis of change in the concentration indices in banking
sector from year to year. Also it examines how the inherited structure of the
banking system affects the way of the distribution of market shares amongst the
different banks that comprise on the banking sector.